from PIL import Image, ImageEnhance
img = Image.open('/mnt/data/image.png')img.size
(872,193)
Python
python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt, numpy as np
plt.figure(figsize=(12,3))plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')plt.axis('off')plt.show()
Python
python
import numpy as np, matplotlib.pyplot as plt
arr=np.array(img)# crop top portion maybe just taskscrop=img.crop((0,0,872,193))# enlargescale=3big=crop.resize((crop.size[0]*scale, crop.size[1]*scale))enh=ImageEnhance.Contrast(big).enhance(2.0)plt.figure(figsize=(16,5))plt.imshow(enh, cmap='gray')plt.axis('off')plt.show()
Pensamento
Formulating dynamic programming for resource allocation
I'm working on configuring a knapsack problem with two resources. The goal is to maximize the sum while adhering to certain resource restrictions. I'll use dynamic programming with stages tracking remaining resources and decisions at each stage.
For the second task, it's about synthesizing control to stabilize an unstable system. The objective seems to be bringing it to an equilibrium state with zero speed, essentially minimizing time while ensuring stability.
Clarifying optimal control for smooth arrival
"Мягко (с нулевой скоростью)" means time-optimal control with x=0, xdot=0. The system dynamics show that u=0 is necessary for the "zero speed" condition at arrival. Since u is bounded between [-5, 10], this is achievable. Switching control and ensuring smooth arrival requires careful handling of u(t_f)=0.
Clarifying time-optimal control with constraints
For a time-optimal solution with control constraints, the typical strategy is bang-bang control. Introducing the final condition u(t_f)=0 could suggest a singular arc, but we can simply set u=0 in the final interval. However, this only works if x is already at 0, since otherwise the magnitude of x will grow. Thus, the requirement to reach zero velocity at the end might mean setting u to 0 at the final instant, without extending the time.
Interpreting "soft landing" control for stability
"Мягко (с нулевой скоростью)" might imply avoiding overshooting and ensuring x(t) reaches 0 smoothly. To achieve zero speed at x=0, u must be -2x before arrival. With control limits, this suggests a solution where x stays within feasible bounds. I may also consider using feedback control like u(x) = sat(-2x), selecting maximum negative u to decrease x.
Determining controllability region and time-optimal control
For the system, if x > 2.5, even with u=-5, x can't decrease to zero due to the system's dynamics. A similar limitation occurs for x < -5, where choosing an appropriate control doesn't increase x. The controllable region, where we can steer the system to 0, is therefore (-5, 2.5). Using bang-bang control (u=-5 for x>0, u=10 for x<0) minimizes time to the origin.
Considering optimal control with constraints
For this system, the optimal control involves using u=-5 to decrease x when positive, and u=10 to increase x when negative. The control must switch for precision as we approach zero. The "softly with zero speed" condition suggests u=0 at final time, but smoothness doesn't require avoiding control switching.
Synthesizing time-optimal control
For the system, to minimize the time to reach the origin while ensuring u=0 at the final point, we use u=-5 when x>0 and u=10 when x<0. Solving the differential equations provides the necessary control formula, with an instantaneous switch to u=0 at the optimal time to bring x to zero without overshooting.
Determining controllability region
For the system, to reach 0, the control must ensure that x can decrease for positive x and increase for negative x. Based on the conditions, the controllability region is the open interval (-5, 2.5), where x can be steered to 0. Outside this region, the system can't reach the origin in finite time.
Exploring the dynamic programming formulation
I need to set up the dynamic programming problem to maximize production. The state consists of remaining raw materials, and the decision is how many units to produce at each stage. The Bellman recursion calculates the best value across stages, considering resource constraints. For each product, I maximize using the given equations.
Formulating dynamic programming recursion and control problem
In this dynamic programming problem with 2 resources, I specify the Bellman equations for each stage. For K=3, we've defined the equations for each product. Then, using given values, I've defined constraints for the control variables. I also crafted formulations for both tasks—one being the Bellman formulation, and the second tackling a continuous control system with a reachability region.
Thought for 3m 55s
Resposta
1) ДП-3п2 (динамическое программирование для выпуска K видов при 2 ресурсах)
Постановка (как задача оптимизации):
Найти целые xi≥0 (выпуск i-го вида), чтобы
maxi=1∑KPi(xi)
при ограничениях по сырью
i=1∑Kaixi≤A,i=1∑Kbixi≤B.
(а) Форма ДП: управление, состояние, динамика, ограничения, доход
Разобьём на этапыi=1,2,…,K (на каждом этапе выбираем выпуск одного вида продукции).
Состояние: остатки сырья перед этапом i:
si=(Ai,Bi),A1=A,B1=B.