【Slide1 "Having explored how hedging language ensu...

【Slide1
"Having explored how hedging language ensures cautious academic expression, we now turn to a cornerstone of scholarly writing—verb selection. This choice directly shapes the formality and credibility of our texts."

[Pause for audience transition]

"Let's begin with an interactive challenge. On your screen are three verbs: A. examined, B. investigated, C. scrutinized. Within 3 seconds, choose which one you consider most academic."

[Wait for responses, then click to reveal]

"Those who selected option C—scrutinized—have intuitively grasped today's key concept. The Latin-root 'scrutinized' (详细审查) carries stronger academic weight than its Germanic counterparts. This interactive warm-up leads us to systematically unpack academic verb selection strategies."

[Transition cue]
"Our journey today will equip you with three core competencies: identifying formal verb features, mastering selection principles, and avoiding cross-disciplinary pitfalls—essential skills for building scholarly authority."
Slide2
Hello everyone, and welcome to our second slide, which highlights our key learning goals for this session. By the end of this module, you should be able to answer three essential questions:

First, why is verb choice so important for academic writing? In other words, how do precise (精确的) verbs increase clarity and credibility?

Second, how can we improve the precision (精确度) and professionalism (专业性) of our verb usage? We will explore practical strategies and examples to elevate your writing style while keeping it clear and concise (简明).

Finally, we will look at how to incorporate discipline-specific (学科专门的) verbs to create a stronger scholarly identity (学术身份). These specialized words help show your familiarity with a particular field, making your arguments more authoritative (权威的) and accurate (准确的).

Keep these goals in mind as we continue. Let’s see how our choice of verbs can influence everything from clarity to credibility in academic writing.

Slide3
First is Precision. Verbs like 'investigate' carry a clear sense of formal inquiry, whereas 'look into' sounds casual and vague. Precision in meaning enhances clarity, so readers know exactly what you did.

Second is Credibility. Compare 'demonstrate' (证明) with 'show.' Both communicate a result, but 'demonstrate,' which stems from Latin, implies a structured, evidence-based argument. This higher formality boosts the author’s authority.

Third is Identity. Specific verbs reflect the discipline you belong to. In biology, you might 'phosphorylate' (磷酸化) something; in economics, you could 'amortize' (分期偿还) a loan. These words signal your academic field and reinforce expertise.

Finally, a short case study highlights how different verbs can transform the same research findings. By choosing more refined terms, you exhibit the rigor expected in academic discourse. Let’s explore that contrast next."
Slide4
Welcome to our fourth slide, which introduces some essential guidelines for maintaining a formal style in academic writing.

First, we should avoid contractions (缩约形式) such as “don’t,” “can’t,” or “won’t.” Instead, use “do not,” “cannot,” or “will not.” This small change instantly makes our text appear more polished (精致) and professional (专业).

Second, keep your grammatical structures intact (完整). For instance, instead of writing “he’s been working,” try “he has been working.” Such small details help convey a higher level of formality (正式程度).

Finally, steer clear of informal or colloquial expressions (口语化词汇). Instead of “gonna,” say “going to.” Rather than “kinda,” use “somewhat.” These adjustments help ensure your academic writing remains clear and respectful (庄重), which can enhance your credibility (可信度) as a scholarly author.

Let’s keep these points in mind as we continue to refine our verb choices and overall writing style.
Slide5
On this slide, we shift our focus to semantic precision (语义精确性). Our goal is to replace vague or overly general verbs with language that accurately reflects academic depth (学术深度).

First, consider terminology level (术语化程度). For example, using “investigate” instead of “look into” signals a more rigorous (严谨的) approach. Second, keep in mind semantic accuracy (语义精确度). Words like “diminish” convey a more precise meaning than “decrease.” Third, look for disciplinary acceptance (学科接受度). Even a shorter, more casual-looking verb like “grasp” can be highly accepted in many academic fields, as it suggests thorough understanding (透彻理解).

When possible, replace casual phrases with a more exact verb— for instance, say “increase” instead of “go up.” Likewise, steer away from vague verbs such as “do,” “make,” or “get.” By focusing on precise (精确的), field-specific (学科专门的) verbs, we can communicate ideas more effectively and maintain a formal academic tone.

Let us be mindful that these small changes can significantly enhance the credibility (可信度) of our writing. With that in mind, we will keep refining our verb choices to ensure each sentence captures the nuance we want to convey.
Slide6
6-A
Now, let us look at how discipline-specific verbs can help build a credible academic identity (学术身份). When writing in STEM fields, for instance, verbs like “phosphorylate,” “extrapolate,” or “validate” highlight your understanding of specialized concepts (专业概念). These choices convey depth and expertise.

In the Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS), verbs such as “contend” or “regress” similarly demonstrate that you are engaging with the established discourse (学术讨论) in those fields. By selecting terminology accepted within your discipline, you are effectively showing your readers that you know its conventions (惯例) and can speak its language.

This strategy not only strengthens your credibility (可信度) but also aligns you more closely with a specific academic community. Let us explore this idea further on the next slide.
6-B

On this slide, let us dig deeper into how these discipline-specific verbs reflect your academic identity (学术身份). In many STEM fields, the emphasis lies in process verification (过程验证). Verbs like “calibrate,” “simulate,” and “quantify” show that you are systematically measuring and evaluating phenomena.

By contrast, in Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS), there is a greater focus on argumentation, interpretation, and contextualization (情境化). This means verbs such as “argue,” “interpret,” and “contextualize” illustrate a more analytical (分析性) and discursive (论述性) approach.

Remember, while choosing these verbs, it is essential to avoid personification (拟人化). Rather than saying, “The paper argues,” we can more precisely write, “The paper presents arguments.” This subtle difference helps maintain a formal and objective (客观的) tone.

Choosing the right verbs for your field not only communicates your understanding of the subject matter but also helps readers place your work within a specific scholarly conversation (学术对话). By remaining consistent and precise, you enhance both clarity (清晰度) and credibility (可信度).
Slide7
On this slide, we illustrate the concept of a three-tier verb hierarchy (层级). At the base, we have basic verbs like “do,” “make,” and “get.” While these are common in everyday language, they lack the precision (精确度) we typically expect in scholarly writing.

Moving up a level, we encounter more general academic verbs such as “analyze,” “indicate,” and “suggest.” These choices demonstrate a more formal (正式的) and informed tone, helping to convey thoughtful (深思熟虑的) reasoning.

At the top, we reach discipline-specific (领域特定的) verbs, shown in blue (STEM) or green (HSS). Terms like “phosphorylate” (磷酸化), “extrapolate” (推断), or “contend” (主张) clearly place your work within a specific academic tradition (学术传统), showcasing your familiarity with its specialized concepts (专业概念).

By visualizing these verb tiers, we see how your word choice can both reflect your field and reinforce your authority (权威性). As you refine your writing, consider where each verb sits in this hierarchy, so your message maintains the desired level of precision and rigor (严谨性).
Slide8
Hello everyone! On this slide, we have an interactive revision exercise. Let us look at this table, which compares the original text and the improved version for each sentence. Notice how certain expressions are too casual (过于口语化) or use incorrect terminology (不恰当术语).

Before we discuss each correction, I would like to ask: which words or phrases would you replace to make the paragraph more formal (正式) and clear? Take a moment to review the table and then share your thoughts.

[Pause for responses]

Excellent observations! As you can see from the “Improved Text” column, we changed “looks at” to “investigates,” updated the incorrect “Beck Depression Inventory” to a more suitable “technology acceptance model (TAM) scale,” and maintained proper tense (时态). Additionally, we replaced “things get better” with “significant improvement.” Each modification helps our writing become more precise (精确) and academically appropriate (符合学术规范).

Thank you for your participation (参与). It is these small adjustments that elevate (提升) our writing from casual to more professional and credible (可信度更高). Let us keep refining our skills and pay close attention to context when we select our verbs and terminology.
Slide9
Welcome to our discussion on verb enhancement strategies (动词升级策略). On this slide, we explore how to upgrade generic verbs by referencing discipline-specific dictionaries (学科词典), following a three-step flowchart:
(1) Identify the generic verb,
(2) Determine the semantic field (语义场),
(3) Choose a specialized verb.

In the verb replacement table, observe how common words like “say” can become “argue,” “claim,” or “contend,” and “think” can be replaced with “posit,” “speculate,” or “maintain.” These choices impart a more formal and scholarly tone (学术语气).

Here is one quick example: The original expression is “The program talks to the server.” First, we identify the generic verb “talks” and note that we can refine it to “communicate.” Next, we see that the semantic field involves a networking protocol (网络协议). Given that context, specialized verbs like “handshake,” “transmit,” or “poll” more accurately describe the process. This method helps ensure your writing remains precise (精确) and aligned with professional conventions in your field.

By following these steps, you will elevate the clarity (清晰度) and credibility (可信度) of your academic or technical writing. Let us keep these strategies in mind whenever we encounter a generic verb that could be upgraded.】
这个讲稿的每个slide都像独立的一样，事实上这是一个连续的ppt讲稿，修改这个问题。增强每个部分的连贯性