OLED Animation Optimization

Certainly! Your current code displays a sequence of 20 bitmaps on an SSD1306 OLED display using the Adafruit library. However, it contains a lot of repetitive code, which can be optimized for better readability, maintainability, and efficiency. Below are the key optimizations and an improved version of your code:

1. Eliminate Redundant Libraries:

   • Remove U8G2 Library: You're initializing both U8G2_SSD1306 and Adafruit_SSD1306 libraries, but only using the Adafruit library in the loop(). Unless you have a specific reason to use both, it's better to stick with one to conserve memory and reduce complexity.

2. Use Arrays for Bitmaps:

   • Bitmap Array: Instead of individually calling each bitmap, store pointers to all your bitmaps in an array. This allows you to loop through them efficiently.

3. Correct Frame Rate Handling:

   • Frame Delay: The fps variable is set to 40, which is used as a delay in milliseconds (delay(fps);). If you intend fps to represent frames per second, the delay should be calculated as 1000 / fps. For example, fps = 25 would correspond to 40 ms per frame.

4. Optimize Display Updates:

   • Minimize clearDisplay() Calls: Clearing the display before each new frame ensures no ghosting, but you can structure the code to make it cleaner.

5. Enhance Code Readability:

   • Constants and Definitions: Use const for variables that don't change, such as the number of frames and frame rate.

Optimized Code

cpp
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>

// Display dimensions
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64

// OLED reset pin (set to -1 if sharing Arduino reset pin)
#define OLED_RESET    -1

// Frame rate settings
const int FPS = 25; // Frames per second
const int FRAME_DELAY = 1000 / FPS; // Delay per frame in milliseconds

// Number of frames
const int NUM_FRAMES = 20;

// Initialize the display
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET);

// Array of bitmap pointers
const unsigned char* frames[NUM_FRAMES] = {
  gImage_1, gImage_2, gImage_3, gImage_4, gImage_5,
  gImage_6, gImage_7, gImage_8, gImage_9, gImage_10,
  gImage_11, gImage_12, gImage_13, gImage_14, gImage_15,
  gImage_16, gImage_17, gImage_18, gImage_19, gImage_20
};

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);

  // Initialize the OLED display
  if(!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C)) { // Address 0x3C for most modules
    Serial.println(F("SSD1306 allocation failed"));
    while(true); // Don't proceed, loop forever
  }

  display.clearDisplay();
  display.display(); // Ensure the display is cleared at start
}

void loop() {
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_FRAMES; i++) {
    display.clearDisplay(); // Clear the buffer

    // Draw the current frame
    display.drawBitmap(0, 0, frames[i], SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, WHITE);

    display.display(); // Update the display with the new frame

    delay(FRAME_DELAY); // Wait for the next frame
  }
}

Explanation of Changes

1. Removed U8G2 Library:

   • Since only the Adafruit SSD1306 library is used in the loop(), the U8G2-related code has been removed to simplify the setup.

2. Defined Constants:

   • FPS and FRAME_DELAY are defined to make frame rate adjustments easier.
   • NUM_FRAMES specifies the total number of frames, making it easier to manage if you add or remove frames in the future.

3. Bitmap Array:

   • An array frames holds pointers to all your bitmap images (gImage_1 to gImage_20). This allows for easy iteration using a for loop.

4. Loop Optimization:

   • The loop() function now iterates through the frames array, displaying each bitmap sequentially with the specified delay.
   • drawBitmap uses WHITE as the color parameter, which is standard for monochrome displays. Adjust if your display uses a different color scheme.

5. Error Handling:

   • If the display initialization fails, the program prints an error message and enters an infinite loop to prevent further execution.

6. Code Readability:

   • Clear comments and structured code blocks improve readability and maintainability.

Additional Recommendations

• Memory Management:

  • Ensure that all gImage_x bitmaps are properly defined and stored in program memory (PROGMEM) if they are large, to conserve SRAM.

• Dynamic Frame Handling:

  • For even greater flexibility, consider dynamically loading frames or using external storage if the number of frames increases significantly.

• Non-blocking Delays:

  • Using delay() is simple but blocks the CPU. For more advanced applications, consider using non-blocking timing (e.g., millis()) to allow other tasks to run concurrently.

• Power Optimization:

  • If your project is battery-powered, implement sleep modes or power-saving techniques to extend battery life.

By implementing these optimizations, your code becomes more efficient, easier to manage, and better suited for future enhancements.

好的，以下是优化后的代码，使用Adafruit_SSD1306库，并配置I2C接口的SCL为20，SDA为21。同时，代码中添加了详细的中文注释以便理解和维护。

cpp
#include <Wire.h>                  // 引入I2C通信库
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>          // 引入Adafruit图形库
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>      // 引入Adafruit SSD1306 OLED显示库

// 显示屏的宽度和高度
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64

// OLED复位引脚（如果不使用复位引脚，则设置为-1）
#define OLED_RESET    -1

// 帧率设置
const int FPS = 25;                   // 每秒帧数（Frames Per Second）
const int FRAME_DELAY = 1000 / FPS;   // 每帧延迟时间（毫秒）

// 帧数总数
const int NUM_FRAMES = 20;

// 初始化SSD1306显示对象，使用Wire库，指定SDA为21，SCL为20
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET);

// 存储所有位图的数组
const unsigned char* frames[NUM_FRAMES] = {
  gImage_1, gImage_2, gImage_3, gImage_4, gImage_5,
  gImage_6, gImage_7, gImage_8, gImage_9, gImage_10,
  gImage_11, gImage_12, gImage_13, gImage_14, gImage_15,
  gImage_16, gImage_17, gImage_18, gImage_19, gImage_20
};

void setup() {
  // 初始化串口，波特率为115200，用于调试
  Serial.begin(115200);

  // 初始化I2C通信，指定SDA为21，SCL为20
  Wire.begin(21, 20);

  // 初始化OLED显示屏
  if(!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C)) { // 通常地址为0x3C
    Serial.println(F("SSD1306 初始化失败"));
    while(true); // 如果初始化失败，进入无限循环
  }

  // 清空显示缓冲区
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.display(); // 确保显示屏在开始时是清空的
}

void loop() {
  // 遍历所有帧
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_FRAMES; i++) {
    display.clearDisplay(); // 清空显示缓冲区

    // 在显示屏的(0,0)位置绘制当前帧的位图
    display.drawBitmap(0, 0, frames[i], SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, WHITE);

    display.display(); // 将缓冲区内容显示到屏幕上

    delay(FRAME_DELAY); // 延迟以控制帧率
  }
}

代码说明

1. 库的引入：

   • Wire.h：用于I2C通信。
   • Adafruit_GFX.h：Adafruit的图形库，提供绘图功能。
   • Adafruit_SSD1306.h：专门用于SSD1306 OLED显示屏的库。

2. 显示屏配置：

   • 定义了显示屏的宽度和高度为128x64像素。
   • OLED_RESET设置为-1，表示不使用复位引脚。

3. 帧率设置：

   • FPS定义了每秒显示的帧数，这里设置为25帧每秒。
   • FRAME_DELAY根据FPS计算每帧的延迟时间。

4. 显示对象初始化：

   • 使用Adafruit_SSD1306库初始化显示对象，指定I2C的SDA和SCL引脚为21和20。

5. 位图数组：

   • frames数组存储了所有需要显示的位图指针（gImage_1到gImage_20）。请确保这些位图在代码的其他部分正确定义，并且大小为128x64像素。

6. setup()函数：

   • 初始化串口，用于调试信息输出。
   • 初始化I2C通信，指定SDA和SCL引脚。
   • 初始化OLED显示屏，如果初始化失败，会在串口输出错误信息并进入无限循环。
   • 清空显示缓冲区并刷新显示屏，确保开始时屏幕是空白的。

7. loop()函数：

   • 使用一个for循环遍历所有帧。
   • 对于每一帧，清空显示缓冲区，绘制当前帧的位图，然后刷新显示屏。
   • 使用delay(FRAME_DELAY)控制每帧的显示时间，以达到设定的帧率。

进一步优化建议

• 内存管理：

  • 如果位图较大，建议将它们存储在程序存储器（PROGMEM）中，以节省SRAM。例如：

    cpp
    const unsigned char gImage_1[] PROGMEM = { ... };

• 非阻塞延迟：

  • 使用delay()会阻塞CPU，影响其他任务的执行。可以考虑使用millis()实现非阻塞延迟，以便在显示帧的同时执行其他操作。

• 动态帧处理：

  • 如果帧数增加，或者需要动态加载帧，可以考虑从外部存储（如SD卡）读取位图，提高灵活性。

• 错误处理：

  • 增加更多的错误处理机制，如重新尝试初始化显示屏，或在显示失败时进行其他操作。

通过上述优化，代码不仅更加简洁高效，而且更易于维护和扩展。如果有任何进一步的问题或需求，请随时告知！