你现在是一名无线通信方向的专家,现在审稿人对咱们写的附件中的文章提出了下面的问题。请你经过仔细思考后...

创建于:2025年10月11日

使用 GPT-5 Thinking 回答 Chat01

问题

Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf

你现在是一名无线通信方向的专家,现在审稿人对咱们写的附件中的文章提出了下面的问题。请你经过仔细思考后给出详细的回复。我们想回复的主题是,我们考虑的变量doppler difference确实是一个服从均匀分布的随机变量。原先也是这么考虑的,因为我们在优化里面这么处理的,而不是直接用的DZZB。然后感谢指出,确实DZZB的推导存在一定的问题,我们现在修改后的也是说明了我们这个变量是一个存在先验的情况。我们不再用ADZZB来表示目标函数,而用的是AZZB。这个修改不会对本文后面的数据计算部分产生影响。因为在优化部分我们也分析了,没有用所谓的DZZB,而是用的经典ZZB的结构:The main remaining issue of the manuscript relates to the confusion created by mixing concepts related to deterministic and stochastic unknowns. The issue is twofold. Firstly, the authors refer to “prior distributions” of deterministic variables (cf. Assumption 3 and right after (18)), when they seem to mean that any (unbiased) estimator uses prior information on the domain of the variable (excluding some values that otherwise would have to be considered). Indeed, the MAP of a deterministic unknown is simply the MLE (the probability distribution of a deterministic variable is a delta function). Secondly, the so-called “deterministic ZZB” (DZZB) proposed in reference [44] is not a widespread definition, and conceptually, stands on a somewhat shaky footing as the ZZB is defined for random variables, whereas a deterministic unknown is considered in the manuscript. Indeed, looking into the details of [Appendix B, 44], it even seems incorrect to call the DZZB a lower bound on MSE (bringing the validity of (50) in the current manuscript into question), as there are several approximation steps in its the derivation (see Eq. (65), (66), and (71) in [44]), without any guarantees of inequalities holding along the way and a lower bound on the MSE being finally arrived at. It is worth noting that [44] was published in IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, which might be less likely to be reviewed by researchers working in estimation theory. The authors of the current manuscript obviously cannot be held accountable for possible inaccuracies in the published work of other authors. Equally obvious is nevertheless that it is an author’s responsibility to verify key results (especially ones that are not yet widely accepted, and hence, potentially controversial) used in their work, and not to propagate possibly incorrect results or create unnecessary confusion / noise in the literature.

To avoid the above confusion, it would seem most prudent to simply model the Doppler difference as a random variable – indeed, it’s not entirely clear why the authors insist on modeling the separation as a deterministic unknown (I’m assuming some calculations simplify). Alternatively, appropriate explanations would be necessary to clarify the used terminology and avoid further confusing the reader.

思考

Refining AZZB approach

For the revision, we're calling it "AZZB," representing an approximate ZZB for random variables with prior. I need to address reviewer concerns about mixing deterministic and stochastic unknowns, and clarify the use of "prior distributions" for deterministic variables. It's crucial to explain the rationale for proposing Bayesian ZZB.

Revising manuscript details

The manuscript needs some precise textual changes. Assumption 3 should state that the Doppler difference ∆ν is random with a prior Uniform[ϕ_L, ϕ_U]. I'll rename relevant metrics, fix notations, and remove "lower bound" claims if still approximate. Section IV will be restructured and renamed to "Approximate Bayesian ZZB for Doppler Difference (AZZB)." Equations must also be revised accordingly.

Clarifying prior and citation format

With a uniform prior inside [ϕ_L, ϕ_U], the expression [p(ϕ)+p(ϕ+ξ)] becomes piecewise 2/|Φ| where both are inside, and smaller otherwise. I’ll note this is evaluated via Monte Carlo or closed-form under specific assumptions. For citation, I need to follow the tool's guidelines, even though the line range is unclear.

Considering citation format

The instruction to "include (website) in your response" seems to override the need for line numbers, which isn’t easy to map due to the lack of annotations in the parsed text. So, I'll just include the minimal citation, referring to "(website)" as per the simplified instruction.

Drafting response letter

We need to clarify that Doppler difference is modeled as a random variable with a uniform prior in [ϕ_L,ϕ_U], aligning with our optimization in Section V. We'll address reviewer concerns, remove deterministic ZZB, and revise Assumption 3 accordingly. Our response will include precise textual changes, equations, and clarification on approximation methods. We’ll also remove unnecessary citations and provide a clearer explanation.

Thought for 55s

回答

下面给出我们对审稿人意见的逐条回复与相应的手稿修改说明。为便于核对,我在每一处都标出原稿中相关位置(页码/图表/式号),这些位置以您当前附件版本为准。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


总体回应与修改要点

  1. 关于“确定性/随机性混用”的问题
    我们同意审稿人的看法。修订稿中我们不再将“确定性未知量”与“先验分布”并置。我们明确地将多普勒差(Doppler difference)Δν建模为一个具有先验的随机变量,且在工作区间 [ϕL,ϕU][\,\phi_L,\phi_U\,]服从均匀分布。这与我们实际做优化时一直采用的设定一致(原式(53)在优化时已假定Δν在[ϕL,ϕU][\,\phi_L,\phi_U\,]上均匀),只是表述上此前不够清楚。见下文“具体文字修改–Assumption 3”。(原稿 Assumption 3 位于p.3;优化目标采用均匀先验见式(53), p.9。)

  2. 不再使用“确定性 ZZB(DZZB)/ ADZZB”
    我们接受审稿人关于 DZZB 概念基础并不稳固、推导中存在近似且缺乏严格下界保证的意见。修订稿彻底移除“DZZB/ADZZB”的称谓与相关表述,改为在有先验的设定下使用**(近似)贝叶斯 ZZB**,并将优化目标统一记为 AZZB(Approximate Bayesian Ziv–Zakai Bound)

直观理解:我们仍以二元假设检验的最小错误概率 PminP_{\min} 来构造 ZZB,但明确在随机参数模型下进行,并将“近似”限定在 PminP_{\min} 的可解近似(Helstrom/Marcum Q 相关近似)上,而不再把包含近似步骤的量宣称为“严格下界”。(相关原文见Sec. IV、式(48)–(51), p.8。)

  1. MAP 与 MLE 的关系解释
    修订稿澄清:当采用均匀先验(有界支撑)时,MAP 与 MLE 在支撑集内部在形式上等价;我们不再使用“确定性变量的 MAP”之类容易引起歧义的表述,而是统一在随机参数(有先验)框架下讨论。MAP 的实现与仿真部分保持不变(Sec. III-B, p.5)。

  2. 对数值结果与优化流程的影响
    这些表述上的纠正不会改变数值结果与优化算法。原因是:

  • 我们的优化本来就是在 ΔνU[ϕL,ϕU]\Delta\nu\sim\mathcal U[\phi_L,\phi_U] 的设定下,用(近似)ZZB 的结构对脉冲功率向量 gg 进行设计(见式(53), p.9);
  • 误差基准与曲线比较仍采用“实际 MAP 的 MSE + BCRB + (近似)ZZB(AZZB)”三者对照(Fig. 3–5, p.10–11),其中 BCRB 与 MAP 仿真不依赖 DZZB 的表述。
    因此,后续数据计算与结论保持不变,只是所有出现“DZZB/ADZZB”的位置更名为“(近似)贝叶斯 ZZB / AZZB”,并在文中明确其“近似”属性与用途(作为可优化的替代目标)。

逐条回应审稿人两点核心意见

(A) “把确定性未知量赋予先验”的表述不当

  • 回应:我们已将模型改写为随机参数模型Δν\Delta\nu 明确定义为随机变量,并采用均匀先验;同时解释 MAP–MLE 关系,避免歧义。
  • 手稿修改:见下文“具体文字修改–Assumption 3”。

(B) “DZZB 的概念基础与作为下界的有效性问题”

  • 回应:我们不再使用 DZZB/ADZZB 的术语;采用贝叶斯 ZZB的标准形式,并仅在计算 PminP_{\min} 时使用文献常见的近似,以得到可优化的 AZZB 目标。我们在稿中显著提示“近似”属性,不再声称该量对 MSE 构成严格下界,而将其定位为与真实 MSE 高一致性的“可微可算替代目标”,配合数值对照验证其设计有效性。
  • 手稿修改:见下文“具体文字修改–Section 标题、Proposition/Definition、式(50)–(51) 与图题”。

关键技术澄清(修订后统一表述)

  1. 先验建模
ΔνU[ϕL,ϕU],pΔν(φ)=1Φ1{φΦ}, Φ=[ϕL,ϕU].\Delta\nu \sim \mathcal U[\phi_L,\phi_U],\qquad p_{\Delta\nu}(\varphi)=\frac{1}{|\Phi|}\mathbf 1\{\varphi\in\Phi\},\ \Phi=[\phi_L,\phi_U].
  1. 贝叶斯 ZZB 的标量形式(对应原稿式(28),我们在正文中显式采用):
E ⁣[(Δν^Δν)2]  120 ⁣ ⁣R ⁣ ⁣[p(φ)+p(φ+ξ)] Pmin(φ,φ+ξ;g) dφ ξdξ,\mathbb E\!\left[(\widehat{\Delta\nu}-\Delta\nu)^2\right]\ \ge\ \frac12\int_{0}^{\infty}\!\!\int_{\mathbb R}\!\!\big[p(\varphi)+p(\varphi+\xi)\big]\ P_{\min}(\varphi,\varphi+\xi;g)\ d\varphi\ |\xi|\,d\xi,

其中 p()p(\cdot)Δν\Delta\nu 的先验密度;当 pp 为上式的均匀分布并有有限支撑时,内层积分的有效区间自动限制在 Φ\PhiΦξ\Phi-\xi 的交集上。

  1. 可优化的“近似贝叶斯 ZZB(AZZB)”目标
    保留原稿中对 PminP_{\min} 的近似(原式(48a),基于 Marcum Q 与 Bessel I0I_0 的闭式):
Pmin(φ,φ+ξ;g)  Q1(a,b)  12eρI0(ab),P_{\min}(\varphi,\varphi+\xi;g)\ \approx\ Q_1(a,b)\ -\ \tfrac12 e^{-\rho} I_0(ab),

其中 a,b,λ,ρa,b,\lambda,\rho 的定义与原式(48b)–(48d)一致(p.8)。据此,将原式(51)“ADZZB”更名为“AZZB”,并以 [p(φ)+p(φ+ξ)][p(\varphi)+p(\varphi+\xi)] 作为权重替代原“确定性情形”的常数权重。这样得到的 AZZB 与我们原优化式(53)的“均匀先验平均”一致,只是名称与理论归属变为贝叶斯 ZZB 框架

重要:我们在文中明确指出 AZZB 是基于 PminP_{\min} 的计算近似,用于设计优化的可解替代目标;数值部分仍以 MAP 的 MSE 做实证对照Fig. 3–5, p.10–11),并保留 BCRB 作高 SNR 参照。


对手稿的具体修改(供编排时直接替换)

  1. Assumption 3(p.3)
  • 原文:
    Assumption 3 (Tracking phase): … the a priori distribution of each target’s Doppler shift is a uniform distribution over a short interval.”
  • 修改为:
    Assumption 3 (Prior on Doppler difference): We assume that the Doppler difference Δν=ν2ν1\Delta\nu=\nu_2-\nu_1 is a random variable with a known prior supported on a short interval Φ=[ϕL,ϕU]\Phi=[\phi_L,\phi_U]. In this work we adopt a uniform prior, ΔνU[ϕL,ϕU] \Delta\nu\sim\mathcal U[\phi_L,\phi_U]. Under a uniform prior over a bounded support, MAP coincides with MLE inside the support.”
  1. Table I(p.2)
  • “Our Work”一行的 Performance Analysis Metrics 列由 “Deterministic ZZB” 改为 “Bayesian ZZB (with uniform prior on Δν\Delta\nu)”。
  1. Section IV 标题(p.6 左上)
  • 原 “Deterministic ZZB for Doppler Difference
  • 改为 “Bayesian ZZB for Doppler Difference and its Optimizable Approximation (AZZB)”。
  1. Proposition 2 与式(50)(p.8)
  • 将命题标题中的 “Deterministic ZZB” 改为 “Bayesian ZZB”。
  • 将原式(50)替换为(随机参数版本):
E ⁣[(Δν^Δν)2]  120 ⁣ ⁣R ⁣ ⁣[p(φ)+p(φ+ξ)] Pmin(φ,φ+ξ;g) dφ ξdξ.\mathbb E\!\left[(\widehat{\Delta\nu}-\Delta\nu)^2\right]\ \ge\ \frac12\int_{0}^{\infty}\!\!\int_{\mathbb R}\!\!\big[p(\varphi)+p(\varphi+\xi)\big]\ P_{\min}(\varphi,\varphi+\xi;g)\ d\varphi\ |\xi|\,d\xi.

并在紧随段落中说明:在均匀先验与有限支撑下,积分域自动限制在有效区间。

  1. Definition 4 与式(51)(p.8)
  • 将 “ADZZB (Approximate Deterministic ZZB)” 改为 “AZZB (Approximate Bayesian ZZB)”。
  • 在式(51)中把常数权重替换为 [p(φ)+p(φ+ξ)][p(\varphi)+p(\varphi+\xi)];当 ppU[ϕL,ϕU]\mathcal U[\phi_L,\phi_U] 时,得到与原式(53)一致的“在兴趣区间 Φ\Phi 上的先验平均”。
  • 在定义后新增一句:“AZZB is used as a differentiable, optimization-friendly surrogate; we refrain from claiming it as a strict bound due to the approximations involved in PminP_{\min}.”
  1. 图题与文内引用(Fig. 3–7,p.10–11)
  • 将所有出现 “ADZZB/Deterministic ZZB” 的图例与文字,统一替换为 “AZZB/ Bayesian ZZB”。例如 Fig. 4 的 “Optimal ADZZB / Uniform ADZZB” 改为 “Optimal AZZB / Uniform-prior AZZB”。
  • 文中比较措辞更新为:“AZZB 与 MSE 一致性良好,BCRB 在中低 SNR 出现失配……”(保持原图形与结论)。
  1. 删除/弱化对 [44] 的依赖(p.12 相关脚注与引用)
  • 在叙述中不再以 [44] 为“严格下界”的依据;保留其作为“相关近似/思路”的参考,且在文中明确“该类近似并不保证严格不等式链”。
  • 该调整消除了式(50)严格性可能引发的质疑。

结论重述(对应 p.12)

我们在结论中加入如下两点澄清:
(i) 本文在随机参数(有先验)设定下,以贝叶斯 ZZB 的近似形式(AZZB)作为可优化目标,联合 AFZDC 直观解释,提供了在低/中 SNR 下与实际 MSE 高一致性的波形设计准则;
(ii) 所有实证(MAP MSE、BCRB 对照、AFZDC 抑制效果)不依赖于“确定性 ZZB”,因此修订不会改变实验曲线与结论,只是术语与理论归属更为严谨


结束语

再次感谢审稿人指出我们在术语与理论归属上的不严谨处。通过上述修订,我们相信:

  • 模型层面已彻底消除“确定性/随机性混用”的歧义
  • 目标函数与推导已回到经典且公认的贝叶斯 ZZB 框架
  • 实验与结论保持,同时提升了论文的可读性与严谨性。

(上述页码、图表与式号引用均以当前附件版本为准:Assumption 3 在p.3;表 I 在p.2;ZZB 推导与优化细节见p.5–11;主要图见Fig. 3–7, p.10–11。) (Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

问题

对于问题的回复请再详细一点,具体位置的修改也是

思考

Crafting response details

I need to create a point-by-point response addressing the Doppler difference modeling, including correcting the misuse of deterministic ZZB and replacing certain terms with Bayesian alternatives. I’ll also update the math and figures, along with providing both Chinese and English rebuttal paragraphs for the reviewer. I’ll focus on clarity in the “Find & Replace” modifications.

Providing detailed response

The user requested more detail in Chinese, so I plan to keep most of the answer in that language, incorporating some formulas. I’ll point out specific modifications tied to the PDF pages, making sure to reference equations, assumptions, and propositions. I’ll also clarify the uniform distribution in the optimization process for Δν.

Clarifying edits and impact

The proposed changes won't affect numerical results since optimization integrates over a uniform prior. The renaming of AZZB to ADZZB doesn’t alter the curves or figure references. I will suggest precise LaTeX edits for definitions and sections, adjusting text where needed and updating Assumption 3 and Table I as previously discussed.

Making changes to equations and sections

I need to provide exact replacements in Section V, renaming "Optimization of the Doppler Difference ADZZB" to "Bayesian ZZB" and update the referenced equations. I'll modify Proposition 2 and adjust Eq (50) to reflect the Bayesian integral. I'll also cite Eq (28) from the earlier section for consistency.

Thought for 38s

回答

太好了,我把“更详细的回复 + 逐处修改文案(含可直接替换的 LaTeX 片段)”整理好了。下面先给审稿人的正式回复(中文版与精炼英文版),再给手稿逐处修改清单(按页码/式号/图题逐条给出可直接替换的文本)。文内我会标注当前附件中的位置,便于你对照(页码/式号/图题以你这份 PDF 为准)。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


一、给审稿人的正式回复(建议用于rebuttal)

中文版(正式)

我们感谢审稿人指出文稿中“确定性/随机性混用”的潜在混淆,并据此对模型与术语做了系统性澄清和修订:

  1. 关于参数建模
    修订稿中我们明确将多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu 建模为具有先验的随机变量,并在兴趣区间 Φ=[ϕL,ϕU]\Phi=[\phi_L,\phi_U] 上采用均匀先验ΔνU[ϕL,ϕU]\Delta\nu\sim\mathcal U[\phi_L,\phi_U]。这与我们用于优化与数值计算的实际设定保持一致(见原文 (53) 中对 Δν\Delta\nuΦ\Phi 上按先验加权的优化目标;同时,原文 (28) 已给出带先验的标量 ZZB 形式)。我们已删除“把确定性未知量赋予先验”的表述,并在文中澄清:** 在有界均匀先验下,MAP 与 MLE 在支撑集内部形式等价**,因此无需混用“确定性”与“先验”术语。参见下文“具体修改—Assumption 3 与 Sec. III-B 注释”。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

  2. 关于 DZZB/ADZZB 的使用
    我们接受审稿人关于“确定性 ZZB(DZZB)”概念基础不稳、推导包含近似步骤且不保证严格下界的意见。修订稿彻底移除 DZZB/ADZZB 的称谓,并回到随机参数(有先验)的贝叶斯 ZZB 框架:

  • Bayesian ZZB 表述理论下界;
  • 在计算最小错误概率 PminP_{\min} 时保留可解的近似,称为 AZZB (Approximate Bayesian ZZB),并明确为可优化的替代目标,而保证严格不等式的下界。对应地,我们将原文 (50) 改写为带先验权重 [p(φ)+p(φ+ξ)][p(\varphi)+p(\varphi+\xi)] 的贝叶斯 ZZB 标准形式,并将 Definition 4 / (51) 从“ADZZB”更名为“AZZB”,权重同样改为先验权重。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  1. 更名与行文澄清
    我们把 Sec. IV 标题从“Deterministic ZZB …”改为“Bayesian ZZB … and its Optimizable Approximation (AZZB)”;把 Fig. 3–7Table I、命题与定义中的“Deterministic/ADZZB”统一替换为“Bayesian/AZZB”。同时,我们不再把参考文献 [44] 作为“严格下界”的依据,仅将其作为 PminP_{\min} 近似技巧的来源之一,并在文中显著提示近似的非严格性。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

  2. 对数值结论与优化结果的影响
    上述修订不改变任何数值结论

  • 我们的优化本就对 Δν\Delta\nuΦ\Phi 上做先验平均(原式 (53)),与本次“随机参数+均匀先验”的建模完全一致;
  • 仿真仍以 MAP 的 MSEBCRB 做对照;
  • 只是术语归属从“确定性/ADZZB”改为“贝叶斯/AZZB”,并明确 PminP_{\min} 的近似属性。相应图例与表格名词已统一更改(Fig. 3–7、Table I)。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

我们相信,这些修改已经消除了“确定性/随机性混用”的歧义,并使得全文理论叙述严格回归经典且被广泛接受的贝叶斯 ZZB 框架,同时不影响后续数据与结论。

Concise English (for rebuttal cover)

We thank the reviewer for the insightful comments regarding the confusion between deterministic and stochastic settings. In the revised manuscript, we (i) explicitly model the Doppler difference Δν\Delta\nu as a random variable with a uniform prior on a bounded interval Φ\Phi; (ii) remove all uses of the terms DZZB/ADZZB and recast our analysis under the Bayesian ZZB framework; (iii) rename our optimization surrogate as AZZB (Approximate Bayesian ZZB), clearly stating that it relies on computational approximations of PminP_{\min} and should be viewed as an optimization-friendly surrogate rather than a guaranteed strict lower bound; and (iv) clarify that these changes do not affect the numerical results, since our optimization already averages over a uniform prior (cf. former Eq. (53)), and our performance comparisons rely on MAP MSE and BCRB. We also clarify MAP–MLE equivalence under a uniform prior on a bounded support and adjust the terminology accordingly.


二、手稿逐处修改清单(可直接替换的 LaTeX 片段)

说明:以下“原文位置”以当前 PDF 为准:Table I p.2;Assumption 3 p.3;Sec. III (A–D) p.5–6;Sec. IV p.6–9(式(48)–(51));Sec. V p.9(式(52)–(53));Fig. 3–7 p.10–11;结论 p.12;附录 p.12–13。我同时在每条后面附上要点,便于核对。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


(1) Table I(p.2)—术语统一

将“Our Work”行的 “Performance Analysis Metrics” 从

Deterministic ZZB

改为

Bayesian ZZB (uniform prior on Δν) + AZZB (optimization surrogate)

理由:回到贝叶斯 ZZB 框架,并标注 AZZB 的“近似/优化替代目标”属性。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


(2) Assumption 3(p.3)—先验对象由“各自多普勒”改为“多普勒差”

原文(Tracking phase)
“…the a priori distribution of each target’s Doppler shift is a uniform distribution over a short interval.”
替换为(建议标题也改名)

latex
\textbf{Assumption 3 (Prior on Doppler Difference):} We assume that the \emph{Doppler difference} $\Delta\nu=\nu_2-\nu_1$ is a random variable supported on a short interval $\Phi=[\phi_L,\phi_U]$. Throughout this work we adopt a \emph{uniform prior}, i.e., $\Delta\nu\sim\mathcal U[\phi_L,\phi_U]$. Under a uniform prior over a bounded support, the MAP estimator coincides with the MLE inside the support, so we avoid mixing “deterministic” terminology with priors.

要点:把“先验”明确给到 Δν\Delta\nu,并说明 MAP–MLE 在有界均匀先验下的一致性,消除概念混用。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


(3) Sec. III-D “Ziv–Zakai Lower Bound”(p.5–6)—呼应贝叶斯形式

本节已在式 (28) 给出了带先验的标量 ZZB(权重为 pϱ(ϕ)+pϱ(ϕ+ϖ)p_\varrho(\phi)+p_\varrho(\phi+\varpi))。在式(28)下方新增一句

latex
\noindent\textit{Remark.} In this paper, since $\Delta\nu$ is modeled as a random parameter with a uniform prior on $\Phi$, we will exclusively use the Bayesian (random-parameter) form of ZZB throughout the remainder of the paper.

要点:与后文统一回到“随机参数”设定。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


(4) Sec. IV 标题(p.6)—更名并弱化“确定性”

将标题

IV. DETERMINISTIC ZZB FOR DOPPLER DIFFERENCE

改为

IV. BAYESIAN ZZB FOR DOPPLER DIFFERENCE AND ITS OPTIMIZABLE APPROXIMATION (AZZB)

要点:标题明确贝叶斯设定与“可优化近似”。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


(5) Proposition 2 与式(50)(p.8)—改为贝叶斯 ZZB 标准形式

原命题标题与式(50): “deterministic ZZB …”
替换为:

latex
\textbf{Proposition 2 (Bayesian ZZB for Doppler Difference).} Let $\Delta\nu$ be random with prior pdf $p(\cdot)$ supported on $\Phi$. Then the MSE of any estimator $\widehat{\Delta\nu}$ satisfies \begin{equation} \mathbb{E}\big[(\widehat{\Delta\nu}-\Delta\nu)^2\big] \;\ge\; \frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{\infty}\int_{\mathbb{R}} \big[p(\varphi)+p(\varphi+\xi)\big]\, P_{\min}(\varphi,\varphi+\xi;g)\,d\varphi\;|\xi|\,d\xi. \label{eq:BayesZZB-diff} \end{equation} For a uniform prior on a bounded support $\Phi=[\phi_L,\phi_U]$, the inner integral naturally reduces to the overlap of $\Phi$ and $\Phi-\xi$.

紧随其后新增说明:

latex
\noindent\textit{Note.} We refrain from mixing deterministic terminology with a prior; the analysis henceforth is carried out under the random-parameter (Bayesian) setting.

要点:把 (50) 彻底替换为带先验权重的贝叶斯 ZZB;与 (28) 形式一致。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


(6) Definition 4 与式(51)(p.8)—“ADZZB”→“AZZB”,并用先验权重

原文: “Definition 4 (ADZZB)… ζSNR(φ,g)=12ξP~min(φ,φ+ξ,g)dξ\zeta_{\text{SNR}}(\varphi,g)=\frac12\int |\xi|\,\tilde P_{\min}(\varphi,\varphi+\xi,g)\,d\xi
替换为:

latex
\textbf{Definition 4 (AZZB: Approximate Bayesian ZZB).} To obtain an optimization-friendly surrogate, we approximate $P_{\min}$ by the closed-form expression in Proposition~1, and define \begin{equation} \zeta_{\text{SNR}}(\varphi,g) \;=\; \frac{1}{2}\int_{\mathbb{R}} |\xi|\, \big[p(\varphi)+p(\varphi+\xi)\big]\, \widetilde P_{\min}(\varphi,\varphi+\xi;g)\,d\xi, \label{eq:AZZB} \end{equation} where $\widetilde P_{\min}$ is given in (48a). \textit{AZZB is a surrogate objective for design and we do not claim it to be a strict lower bound due to the approximations involved in computing $P_{\min}$.}

要点:名称与权重统一到“贝叶斯+先验”;强调“近似/替代目标”。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


(7) Sec. V 标题与式(52)–(53)(p.9)—术语与先验一致

  • 把节名“Optimization of the Doppler Difference ADZZB” 改为
    Optimization of the Doppler Difference AZZB”。

  • 在 (52) 的目标函数里把 ζ[SNRD,φ](g)\zeta[\text{SNR}_D,\varphi](g) 的注释由“ADZZB”改为“AZZB(近似贝叶斯 ZZB)”。

  • 在 (53) 已经对 φ\varphi 在区间 Φ=[φL,φU]\Phi=[\varphi_L,\varphi_U] 作先验平均(且正文写明“uniform distribution”)。请仅把文内“ADZZB”表述改为“AZZB”,其余数学形式保持不变

latex
\min_{g}\;\; \int_{\Phi} f_{\varphi}\,\zeta_{\text{SNR}_D,\varphi}(g)\,d\varphi \quad\text{s.t.}\quad g_m\ge 0,\; \mathbf{1}^T g \le 1,

并在段落中明确 fφf_{\varphi}Φ1|\Phi|^{-1} 的均匀先验。
要点:这一步直接说明我们原本就在做先验平均,因此更名不影响优化与数值。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


(8) 图题与图例(Fig. 3–7, p.10–11)—统一更名

  • Fig. 3 图题由 “Doppler difference ADZZB optimal waveform design …” 改为
    Doppler difference AZZB optimal waveform design …
  • Fig. 4–7 所有图例中的
    “ADZZB / Optimal ADZZB / Uniform ADZZB / ADZZB-optimized waveform”
    分别改为
    AZZB / Optimal AZZB / Uniform-prior AZZB / AZZB-optimized waveform”。

要点:只改标注与文字,图形与数据无需重做。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


(9) 正文对 [44] 的引用(p.8 与 p.12)—弱化“严格下界”的暗示

  • Proposition 2 之后与 结论/相关工作中,删除把 [44] 作为“严格下界依据”的措辞;保留其作为“计算 PminP_{\min} 的近似技巧/思路”的引用,并显式加注“该近似包含若干步骤,不保证严格不等式链,因此我们将由此得到的量作为‘AZZB优化替代目标’,而不声称其为严格下界”。
    要点:回应审稿人对 [44] 的审稿口径与严谨性担忧。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

(10) 结论(p.12)—两句澄清补充

在结论倒数第二段增加两句:

latex
(i) The proposed design is carried out under a Bayesian setting where $\Delta\nu$ is a random variable with a uniform prior on a bounded support. (ii) The AZZB used in optimization is an approximation-based surrogate obtained via an analytically tractable form of $P_{\min}$; it is not claimed as a strict lower bound.

要点:再次统一口径并与数值结果对齐。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


三、技术澄清与一致性核查(给AE/审稿人看的“证据链”)

  • 我们确实在优化中已使用“Δν\Delta\nuΦ\Phi 上均匀”的设定:见 (53) “Assume that the Doppler difference to be estimated follows a uniform distribution between the upper bound φU\varphi_U and the lower bound φL\varphi_L”(p.9);因此把模型回到“Δν\Delta\nu 为随机变量 + 均匀先验”只是术语与归属上的纠正。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  • 文中已给出带先验的标量 ZZB 形式(式 (28),p.6),而 Sec. IV 原以“deterministic”命名;本次把 (50) 改为带先验权重、把“ADZZB”→“AZZB”,实现内部自洽。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  • 数值部分不受影响:图 3–7 的曲线与结论保持,仅图题/图例更名;BCRB 与 MAP MSE 定义与实现未依赖“DZZB”的表述。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

四、可选的小幅加强(如版面允许)

  • 在 Sec. III-B(MAP Estimation, p.5)末尾加一行注释,强调 MAP–MLE 在均匀有界先验下的等价性(仅作术语澄清,不改变算法):
latex
\noindent\textit{Remark.} With a uniform prior over a bounded support, the MAP estimate coincides with the MLE inside the support; we therefore avoid deterministic terminology while using prior information on the parameter domain.
  • 在 Sec. IV 开头(Definition 1 之后)加一行:
    “Hereafter we analyze Δν\Delta\nu under the Bayesian setting, with the prior explicitly appearing in the ZZB weights and in the optimization objective.”

如果你愿意,我也可以把上面的替换内容直接打包成一个“差异版(diff)”的 .tex 片段,便于你粘贴到源文件里。现在这份清单已经覆盖了审稿人关切的所有要点:(a) Δν\Delta\nu 的随机参数建模与均匀先验(b) 从 DZZB/ADZZB 回到贝叶斯 ZZB/AZZB(c) 明确 PminP_{\min}近似属性;(d) 说明数值与结论不变,只是术语和理论归属更严谨。以上位置和内容,均与当前附件中的页码/式号/图题一致。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

——如果你希望,我也能把“审稿意见逐条—逐条修订点—对应页码”的对照表再做成一页表格版。

问题

结合我们上面讨论的内容,请对下面的审稿意见给出中文回复。我们想说的是 我们确实分析的自变量(Doppler difference)是具有先验分布的随机变量,因为我们在后续的优化算法设计中的目标函数和分析中都是用的这种经典的面向随机变量的ZZB的结构。所以我们实质上应该用的就是MAP。并说明我们已经在文中进行了相关的修正和统一,删除了一切关于deterministic variable相关的表述:Firstly, the authors refer to “prior distributions” of deterministic variables (cf. Assumption 3 and right after (18)), when they seem to mean that any (unbiased) estimator uses prior information on the domain of the variable (excluding some values that otherwise would have to be considered). Indeed, the MAP of a deterministic unknown is simply the MLE (the probability distribution of a deterministic variable is a delta function).

思考

Clarifying assumptions and response

I'm looking at Assumption 3 and after, referencing a few equations like (17) and (18) to adjust our model. We’ve taken care to clarify that Δν is a random variable with a prior, and now referencing this using the accurate framework (ZZB). For the reviewer’s comment, I'll explain our use of MAP and uniform priors.

Clarifying revisions and response

I need to focus on removing deterministic terminology. For the revisions: Assumption 3 gets an updated prior definition for Doppler difference, Δν. I'll explain changes in equations (17)-(18) regarding the modeling of Δν as random and state that it’s now modeled with Bayesian ZZB. I'll also rename terms like ADZZB. I'll prepare the response based on these updates and keep it concise for the rebuttal.

Crafting the response

I’ll quote relevant parts like "Assumption 3" and BCRB equation (18) from the document and explain the changes made, especially regarding the prior on Doppler differences. I'll make sure to stick to the user’s earlier request. I'll avoid over-promising and explain the manuscript changes while mentioning the MAP=MLE under a uniform prior. I’ll ensure precise locations and citations.

Crafting the reply in Chinese

We’ll start the response with "对该条意见的回复:" and keep it professional and clear. We’ll thank the reviewer and clarify the misunderstanding, mentioning that Δν is modeled as a random variable with a uniform prior. I'll also reference equations (28) and (53) to support our point, all while maintaining the style. I'll tag relevant citations from the file.

Thought for 44s

回答

对该条意见的回复(中文版)

感谢审稿人指出我们在“先验—确定性”表述上的混淆。我们已在修订稿中明确将 Doppler difference Δν\Delta\nu 建模为具有先验分布的随机变量,并在兴趣区间 Φ=[ϕL,ϕU]\Phi=[\phi_L,\phi_U] 上采用均匀先验。这与我们后续优化目标与分析一直采用的、面向随机参数的经典 ZZB 结构完全一致:文中先给出带先验的标量 ZZB 形式(现稿式(28)),而优化部分(现稿式(53))也已对 Δν\Delta\nuΦ\Phi 上按均匀分布进行积分加权。因此,就估计器而言,我们实际使用并应当统一为 MAP 框架(且在有界均匀先验下,MAP 在支撑集内部与 MLE 形式等价)。为避免继续造成混淆,我们已删除一切关于“deterministic variable”搭配“prior”的表述,并将相关术语、章节标题与公式统一到贝叶斯(随机参数)ZZB的表述体系中。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

为便于核对,涉及本条意见的具体修订与定位如下(页码/式号以当前附件为准):

  1. Assumption 3(p.3)
    原写法将“每个目标的多普勒”与“先验”并置。我们已改为:先验对象是多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu,并明确 ΔνU[ϕL,ϕU]\Delta\nu\sim\mathcal U[\phi_L,\phi_U]。同时补充一句话阐明:在有界均匀先验下,MAP 在支撑集内与 MLE 形式等价,因此不再使用“确定性未知量 + 先验”的措辞。

  2. 在 BCRB 相邻处的澄清(式(17)–(18) 之后,p.5)
    补充说明我们在全文采用随机参数设定;不再把“确定性变量的先验”作为叙述口径,避免与式(18)中的 p()p(\cdot) 用法产生歧义。

  3. ZZB 结构与命名统一(Sec. IV, p.6–p.9)

  • 将章节标题由“Deterministic ZZB …”改为“Bayesian ZZB … and its Optimizable Approximation (AZZB)”。
  • 式(50) 改为贝叶斯 ZZB 标准形式,积分权重显式写为 [p(φ)+p(φ+ξ)][p(\varphi)+p(\varphi+\xi)],强调先验在 ZZB 中的作用;
  • 式(51) 与定义更名为 AZZB(Approximate Bayesian ZZB)(原“ADZZB”删除),并同样使用先验权重;在文字中明确 AZZB 是基于 PminP_{\min} 的计算近似、用于优化的替代目标,而非声称为严格下界。
  1. 优化部分保持先验一致(Sec. V, 式(52)–(53), p.9)
    保留我们原有的在区间 Φ=[φL,φU]\Phi=[\varphi_L,\varphi_U] 上按均匀分布进行加权优化的做法(式(53) 已写明“Assume that the Doppler difference … follows a uniform distribution …”),仅将所有“ADZZB/Deterministic ZZB”的字样统一更名为“AZZB/Bayesian ZZB”。

  2. 全篇术语与图表统一

  • **Table I(p.2)**中“Performance Analysis Metrics”由“Deterministic ZZB”改为“Bayesian ZZB (uniform prior on Δν\Delta\nu) + AZZB”;
  • **图 3–7(p.10–p.11)**与文内所有“ADZZB/Deterministic ZZB”均更名为“AZZB/Bayesian ZZB”。

对审稿人观点的认同与回应要点

  • 我们完全同意:若把参数视为确定性未知量,则“先验分布”并无意义,此时 MAP 退化为对 delta 先验的 MLE;
  • 然而我们的工作本质上采用的是随机参数设定Δν\Delta\nu 具有真实的先验分布,后续推导与优化均使用贝叶斯 ZZB 的权重与结构(见现稿式(28)、(50)、(53));因此我们统一采纳 MAP 作为估计与对照基准,并在行文中移除了会引发混淆的“deterministic”相关表述。
  • 上述修订不影响数值结果与结论:优化与仿真原本就是在 Δν\Delta\nu 均匀先验下实施的,现仅将理论归属与术语调整为严格一致。

若审稿人需要,我们可在修订稿中高亮上述位置,便于快速核对。

问题

回复部分再详细一点

思考

Clarifying methodology adjustments

I’m working on a multi-paragraph response, detailing the use of a uniform prior for a random variable and the switch from MLE to MAP in optimization. The MAP of a deterministic unknown is indeed MLE, but since we’re addressing a random variable with prior, MAP is the appropriate choice. I may need to adjust earlier modifications to better match the reviewer’s comment.

Finalizing response draft

I need to ensure the rebuttal is thorough and references specific pages, particularly Assumption 3 on p.3. I’ll clarify, for example, that p(ν) is the a priori distribution of the Doppler shifts (right after equation (18)). No need for webpage citations — just file citations and embedded references like “according to p.3.” I’ll craft the response in Chinese, explaining the changes made to fulfill the directives and address the reviewer’s concerns.

Drafting response to reviewer

To avoid contradictions, we’ve ensured earlier changes are consistent: Bayesian approach was adopted, removing DZZB/ADZZB, and replacing equations with Bayesian ZZB and AZZB (using prior weighting). We’ll clarify in the response that the analysis involves random variables with priors. Let’s structure our reply in Chinese addressing the specific comment.

Crafting detailed response

We will focus on responding to the first part of the reviewer’s comment and provide a thorough explanation. We can subtly address the second part, but the emphasis will be on the first. We'll include references to relevant pages and equations, citing the file. I'll start with "对审稿意见(Firstly, ...)的详细回复(中文版)."

Thought for 44s

回答

下面给出针对**该条审稿意见(Firstly,…)**的更为详细的中文回复文本(可直接用于 rebuttal),并在文末列出与手稿对应的位置与改动要点,便于核对与标注。


给审稿人的详细回复(中文版)

感谢审稿人对我们在“先验—确定性”表述上的严谨性提醒。我们已对全文进行了系统性梳理与统一,核心澄清如下:

  1. 参数建模与估计框架(随机参数 + 先验)
    我们在修订稿中明确将 Doppler difference Δν\Delta\nu 建模为一个具有先验分布的随机变量,其先验在兴趣区间 Φ=[ϕL,ϕU]\Phi=[\phi_L,\phi_U]服从均匀分布。这与我们后续的优化目标与分析**始终采用的“面向随机变量的经典 ZZB 结构”**完全一致:
  • 第 III-D 节中我们使用的标量化贝叶斯 ZZB形式(原式(28))正是带先验权重的标准表达;
  • 第 V 节的优化目标(原式(53))已显式假设 Δν\Delta\nuΦ\Phi 上均匀分布并据此积分加权,因此我们整个设计/优化流程在本质上一直处于随机参数(贝叶斯)设定之下,而非“确定性未知量+先验”的混合表述。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  1. MAP 与 MLE 的关系与统一口径
    我们完全认同审稿人的观点:对于确定性未知量,所谓“先验分布”并无意义,此时“MAP 退化为对 delta 先验的 MLE”。然而,本文对 Δν\Delta\nu 的设定并非确定性,而是具有真实先验的随机变量。据此,我们在修订稿中统一采用 MAP 框架作为估计与仿真的对照基准(第 III-B 节,原式(12)),并在文字上删除所有将“deterministic variable”与“prior”并置的表述。同时我们明确说明:在有界均匀先验下,MAP 在支撑集内部与 MLE 形式等价,从而消除 MAP/MLE 术语层面的歧义。

  2. 行文与术语的统一与更正
    为避免“确定性/随机性”混用引发的进一步困惑,我们已将全文相关叙述统一回归到贝叶斯(随机参数)框架

  • Assumption 3 改为“Δν\Delta\nu(多普勒差)为随机变量,先验为 U[ϕL,ϕU]\mathcal U[\phi_L,\phi_U]”;
  • 式(18) 之后对“p(ν)p(\nu) 为先验”的用语增加注释,明确我们讨论的是随机参数设定
  • 第 IV 节标题从 “Deterministic ZZB …” 改为 “Bayesian ZZB … and its Optimizable Approximation (AZZB)”;
  • 带先验权重的标准形式重写 (50)(贝叶斯 ZZB),并将 (51) 从 “ADZZB” 更名为 “AZZB (Approximate Bayesian ZZB)”,同样使用先验权重;
  • 第 V 节及全篇图表/表格(如 Fig. 3–7、Table I)删除“Deterministic/ADZZB”,统一为“Bayesian/AZZB”。
    这些改动确保:建模、目标函数、推导与术语在全篇内部是一致且自洽的。
  1. 对数值结果与结论的影响
    上述修订不改变任何数值结论
  • 我们的优化本就对 Δν\Delta\nuΦ\Phi 上做均匀先验平均(原式(53) 已明示),
  • 仿真对照使用 MAP 的 MSEBCRB(两者的实现不依赖“确定性 ZZB”的表述)。
    因此,本次修订主要是术语与理论归属的纠正与澄清,以避免“把确定性未知量赋予先验”的误读。

与手稿的精确对应与改动要点(便于核对)

  • Assumption 3(p.3)
    改为:将先验对象从“每个目标的多普勒”改为“多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu,且 ΔνU[ϕL,ϕU]\Delta\nu\sim\mathcal U[\phi_L,\phi_U];在句末补充“在有界均匀先验下,MAP 在支撑集内部与 MLE 形式等价”。
    对应审稿意见中的“cf. Assumption 3”。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

  • 在式(18)之后(p.5)
    新增说明:我们全篇采用**随机参数(贝叶斯)**设定;p(ν)p(\nu) 为参数先验,将“确定性变量”与“先验”并置。
    对应审稿意见中的“right after (18)”。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

  • 第 III-D 节(p.5–6,原式(28) 附近)
    加一条 Remark:本文后续专用贝叶斯 ZZBΔν\Delta\nu 具有均匀先验,ZZB 权重采用 [p(φ)+p(φ+ξ)][p(\varphi)+p(\varphi+\xi)]。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

  • 第 IV 节标题与核心公式(p.6–8)
    标题:“Deterministic ZZB …” → “Bayesian ZZB … and its Optimizable Approximation (AZZB)”;
    (50) 改写为贝叶斯 ZZB 标准形式(带 [p(φ)+p(φ+ξ)][p(\varphi)+p(\varphi+\xi)] 权重);
    (51) “ADZZB” → “AZZB”,并同样使用先验权重。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

  • 第 V 节(p.9,(52)–(53))
    术语统一:将“ADZZB”全部替换为“AZZB”,并保留原本对 Φ=[φL,φU]\Phi=[\varphi_L,\varphi_U]均匀分布的假设与加权优化(原式(53))。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

  • 全篇图表与对照表
    Table I(p.2):“Deterministic ZZB” → “Bayesian ZZB (uniform prior on Δν\Delta\nu) + AZZB”;
    Fig. 3–7(p.10–11):图题与图例中的“ADZZB/Deterministic ZZB”→“AZZB/Bayesian ZZB”。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


可直接粘贴的一句话式澄清(建议放在第 III-B 或 III-D 末尾)

Remark(统一口径):本文在随机参数(贝叶斯)设定下处理 Doppler difference Δν\Delta\nu,并在 Φ=[ϕL,ϕU]\Phi=[\phi_L,\phi_U] 上采用均匀先验;后续所有 ZZB 表达与优化目标均为带先验权重的经典结构,因此估计与仿真以 MAP 为准(且在有界均匀先验下,MAP 于支撑集内与 MLE 形式等价),不再使用“deterministic variable + prior”的表述。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


小结:综上,我们已经明确 Δν\Delta\nu 为具有先验分布的随机变量,并将全文统一到贝叶斯 ZZB + MAP 的标准框架;同步删除了所有“deterministic variable + prior” 的措辞,从源头上消除了该条意见指出的概念混用。上述澄清与改动不影响数值结果与结论,仅提升了理论严谨性与术语一致性。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

问题

请继续用responseletter的中文回答审稿人的下面的问题,核心思想是同意他的意见,DZZB的推导中确实存在近似,我们也没有办法认为这个推导是完全正确的,所以在本文的修订版本中我们没有继续使用DZZB,同时删去了相关的表述。但是需要注意的是,我们在后面的优化中用的还是传统的具有先验知识的贝叶斯框架ZZB,而不是这个DZZB,所以后续的数值分析不用修改:Secondly, the so-called “deterministic ZZB” (DZZB) proposed in reference [44] is not a widespread definition, and conceptually, stands on a somewhat shaky footing as the ZZB is defined for random variables, whereas a deterministic unknown is considered in the manuscript. Indeed, looking into the details of [Appendix B, 44], it even seems incorrect to call the DZZB a lower bound on MSE (bringing the validity of (50) in the current manuscript into question), as there are several approximation steps in its the derivation (see Eq. (65), (66), and (71) in [44]), without any guarantees of inequalities holding along the way and a lower bound on the MSE being finally arrived at. It is worth noting that [44] was published in IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, which might be less likely to be reviewed by researchers working in estimation theory. The authors of the current manuscript obviously cannot be held accountable for possible inaccuracies in the published work of other authors. Equally obvious is nevertheless that it is an author’s responsibility to verify key results (especially ones that are not yet widely accepted, and hence, potentially controversial) used in their work, and not to propagate possibly incorrect results or create unnecessary confusion / noise in the literature.

问题

请继续用responseletter的中文回答审稿人的下面的问题,核心思想是同意他的意见,DZZB的推导中确实存在近似,我们也没有办法认为这个推导是完全正确的,所以在本文的修订版本中我们没有继续使用DZZB,同时删去了相关的表述。但是需要注意的是,我们在后面的优化中用的还是传统的具有先验知识的贝叶斯框架ZZB,而不是这个DZZB,所以后续的数值分析不用修改:Secondly, the so-called “deterministic ZZB” (DZZB) proposed in reference [44] is not a widespread definition, and conceptually, stands on a somewhat shaky footing as the ZZB is defined for random variables, whereas a deterministic unknown is considered in the manuscript. Indeed, looking into the details of [Appendix B, 44], it even seems incorrect to call the DZZB a lower bound on MSE (bringing the validity of (50) in the current manuscript into question), as there are several approximation steps in its the derivation (see Eq. (65), (66), and (71) in [44]), without any guarantees of inequalities holding along the way and a lower bound on the MSE being finally arrived at. It is worth noting that [44] was published in IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, which might be less likely to be reviewed by researchers working in estimation theory. The authors of the current manuscript obviously cannot be held accountable for possible inaccuracies in the published work of other authors. Equally obvious is nevertheless that it is an author’s responsibility to verify key results (especially ones that are not yet widely accepted, and hence, potentially controversial) used in their work, and not to propagate possibly incorrect results or create unnecessary confusion / noise in the literature.

思考

Crafting the response

We need to write the letter in Chinese, explaining the removal of DZZB and the replacement with AZZB using the Bayesian ZZB method. I'll mention the modifications without relying on the PDF since we can't show them. We should reference file lines (L57-L60) that highlight the approximation and uncertainty.

Drafting the response

I’ll craft the letter in Chinese, starting by thanking the reviewer and agreeing with their comments. I’ll clarify that DZZB isn't a widely used concept and that its derivation includes approximations, so it cannot be guaranteed as a lower bound. I’ll explain how we removed DZZB references and adopted Bayesian ZZB with prior uniform (now labeled AZZB). Then, I

Thought for 16s

回答

审稿意见 (Secondly)

…“deterministic ZZB (DZZB)” 一词并未被广泛接受,而且其推导过程包含多处近似,难以保证最终仍然是对 MSE 的下界;因此 (50) 式的合法性值得商榷。作者有责任核实关键结果,避免传播潜在的错误或增加文献噪声。


我们的回复

我们完全同意审稿人对 DZZB 概念与推导可靠性的担忧。经重新核查 [44] 附录 B,我们确认其推导确实包含多步近似,且并未给出完整的不等式链保证——原稿中也仅以“approximate lower bound”字样提示了这一点 (Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)。鉴于该概念尚未得到估计理论社区的广泛认可,我们在修订稿中做出以下处理:

  1. 彻底移除 DZZB/ADZZB 术语与相关论述

    • 删除原 Table I 中 “Deterministic ZZB” 的条目 (Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf),并用 “Bayesian ZZB (uniform prior on Δν) + AZZB” 替代;
    • 将原 Sec. IV 标题 “Deterministic ZZB…” 改为 “Bayesian ZZB… and its Optimizable Approximation (AZZB)”;
    • 把 Proposition 2、Definition 4 及式 (50)–(51) 全部改写为 带均匀先验权重的贝叶斯 ZZB 表达,并将“ADZZB”统一更名为“AZZB (Approximate Bayesian ZZB)”;
    • 相应地,Sec. V、Fig. 3–7、结论等处的 “DZZB/ADZZB” 亦全部替换为 “AZZB/Bayesian ZZB”。
  2. 明确 AZZB 的定位

    • 在新的 Definition 4 后增补说明:AZZB 仅是基于 PminP_{\min} 解析近似的可优化替代目标,我们不再声称其必然形成严格下界。
    • 该替代目标依旧保留了与实际 MSE 高相关性的优点,可用作波形设计的光滑目标函数,而不会给读者造成 “严格下界” 的误解。
  3. 对后续优化与数值部分的影响

    • 我们的优化过程原本就是在 Δν\Delta\nu 服从均匀先验 的贝叶斯框架下,对 (53) 式 的先验平均目标进行梯度优化;因此数值算法、仿真曲线与结论保持不变
    • 修改仅涉及符号与表述的严格性,无需重新计算任何结果。
  4. 作者责任声明
    我们感谢审稿人提醒。今后将对引用的非主流公式采取更严格的复核,避免未经验证的结果在文献中进一步传播。


手稿对应修改概览(供核对)

位置原内容修订后
Table I“Deterministic ZZB”“Bayesian ZZB (uniform prior on Δν) + AZZB”
Sec. IV 标题Deterministic ZZB for Doppler DifferenceBayesian ZZB for Doppler Difference and its Optimizable Approximation (AZZB)
式 (50)基于 DZZB 的下界公式贝叶斯 ZZB 标准形式,含先验权重
式 (51) & Definition 4“ADZZB”“AZZB”,并注明“近似、可优化”
Sec. V & 图 3–7“ADZZB / deterministic…”“AZZB / Bayesian…”
结论强调 DZZB 优势改为说明 AZZB 与 MAP-MSE 一致性

上述改动使全文理论叙述完全回归到被广泛接受的贝叶斯 ZZB 框架,同时保持了原有的设计方法和数值结论。再次感谢审稿人促使我们提高了稿件的严谨性与可读性。

问题

我们只说明DZZB的推导中确实存在近似,我们也没有办法认为这个推导是完全正确的,所以在本文的修订版本中我们没有继续使用DZZB,同时删去了相关的表述。但是需要注意的是,我们在后面的优化中用的还是传统的具有先验知识的贝叶斯框架ZZB,而不是这个DZZB,所以后续的数值分析不用修改。回答请详细一些,用IEEE顶级论文的结构和语言来写

思考

Thought for 12s

回答

审稿意见 ②(节选)

参考文献 [44] 提出的“deterministic ZZB (DZZB)”并非主流定义,其推导过程包含多次近似,难以保证仍为 MSE 的下界;因此,稿件中式 (50) 的合法性值得怀疑。作者应避免在文献中继续传播可能存在问题的结果。


我们的详细回复

  1. 充分认可审稿人的担忧

    • 原稿在式 (48)–(51) 中引用 DZZB 仅作为“近似下界”;作者亦指出其为 “approximate lower bound” (Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)。然而,正如审稿人所述,[44] 的推导链条含多步近似(例如其 Eq. (65)、(66)、(71)),且并未给出严格的不等式证明,因此无法确信其绝对成立
    • 原 Proposition 2 将该式直接称为 “deterministic ZZB” 并置于下界地位,确有以偏概全之嫌 (Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)。我们完全接受这一批评。
  2. 修订稿中的主要整改措施

    修订项处理方式涉及位置
    DZZB/ADZZB 术语全部删除;统一改为“AZZB(Approximate Bayesian ZZB)”原 Table I, Sec. IV–V, Fig. 2–7, 结论
    理论公式带先验权重Bayesian ZZB 替换原式 (50),并在 Definition 4 中将 “ADZZB” 改为 “AZZB”,明确其仅是 PminP_{\min} 的解析近似而非严格下界Sec. IV, 新式 (50′)、(51′)
    章节标题“Deterministic ZZB…” → “Bayesian ZZB… and its Optimizable Approximation (AZZB)”Sec. IV
    文字说明增补一段 Remark:AZZB 作为 可优化替代目标,因近似而不保证下界性质;相关数值验证仍以 MAP MSE 为基准Sec. IV 末
  3. 对后续优化与数值结果的影响

    • 我们的波形设计原本即在 ΔνU[ϕL,ϕU]\Delta\nu\sim\mathcal U[\phi_L,\phi_U]贝叶斯框架 ZZB下进行(参见原式 (53)),优化目标是对先验区间的积分平均;不依赖 DZZB 的严格性
    • 因此,算法流程、仿真曲线与结论全部保持不变;仅替换符号与说明,使理论叙述更加严谨。
  4. 作者责任与展望

    • 我们感谢审稿人提醒。今后将对非主流公式的引用进行更严格的独立验证,避免在顶级期刊/会议中扩散未经充分审查的结果。
    • 同时,也期待进一步的理论工作能给出 DZZB 严格成立的条件或改进形式;在目前证据不足之际,我们选择回归业界普遍接受的贝叶斯 ZZB 体系,以免造成文献噪声。

结论性说明

简言之:鉴于 DZZB 推导存在无法验证的近似,我们已完全停止使用 DZZB,改用传统的 Bayesian ZZB + 其解析近似 AZZB 作为波形优化指标;修订不会影响任何实验数据与结论,唯提升了全文的理论严谨性与可读性。

问题

我们只说明DZZB的推导中确实存在近似,我们也没有办法认为这个推导是完全正确的,所以在本文的修订版本中我们没有继续使用DZZB,同时删去了相关的表述。但是需要注意的是,我们在后面的优化中用的还是传统的具有先验知识的贝叶斯框架ZZB,而不是这个DZZB,所以后续的数值分析不用修改。回答请详细一些,用IEEE顶级论文的结构和语言来写

思考

Clarifying citation process

It looks like we need to be careful with how we cite the document. Since the instructions specify using a particular citation format, we’ll stick with the "turn0file0" citation as directed. Ensuring consistency in tone and structure is key — I'll keep the language formal, concise, and clear, as outlined.

Using PDF evidence

I'll cite specific sections from the PDF — like Section IV, equations (50), and Definition 4 for justifying modifications related to DZZB and ADZZB. However, I need to be careful since the user's revised version claims changes, but these sections in the current PDF still show the old version. I should highlight this discrepancy.

Formulating response

I’ll follow the format: quote the “Reviewer Comment” followed by my “Response” in four parts. First, I’ll agree and acknowledge that the approximation wasn't fully correct. Then, I’ll outline the actions: remove terms like DZZB and ADZZB, reverting to Bayesian ZZB while considering AZZB as a simpler choice. I'll address the language the reviewer prefers.

Clarifying revision focus

The user wants to emphasize using "traditional prior-informed Bayesian ZZB" instead of DZZB, with no impact on the results. I shouldn’t mention AZZB directly here, as it wasn't explicitly requested, but I'll clarify that the terminology change does not affect the numeric analysis or optimization. I'll note the "approximation" used for computing targets.

Thought for 58s

回答

审稿意见 ②(节选)

参考文献 [44] 提出的 “deterministic ZZB (DZZB)” 并非主流定义,且其推导包含多次近似,难以保证仍为 MSE 的下界;因此,稿件中 (50) 式的有效性值得怀疑。作者应避免在文献中继续传播可能存在问题的结果。


作者回复(response letter,中文版)

立场与总体处理
我们完全同意审稿人的观点:DZZB 的推导链路中确有多处近似,现有证据不足以将其视为对 MSE 的严格下界。因此,在修订稿中我们不再使用 DZZB(及其 ADZZB 表述),并删除所有相关文字与标注。同时需要强调的是:** 本文后续的优化与数值分析本来就没有依赖 DZZB**,而是建立在具有先验知识的经典贝叶斯 ZZB 框架之上;因此,数值部分与结论无需任何修改。下文给出我们采取的具体改动与理由。


1) 我们为何停用 DZZB

  • 经复核,[44] 中围绕所谓 “DZZB” 的推导含有多步近似(审稿人提及的式(65)、(66)、(71) 等),无法保证不等式链条始终有效。据此,我们不再沿用该称谓及相关“确定性下界”的表述,以免造成误导。
  • 更重要的是,ZZB 的经典定义本就针对随机参数;将“确定性未知量”与“先验/ZZB”并置,在概念上并不自洽。本次修订将理论表述全面回归随机参数(贝叶斯)ZZB范式。

2) 我们当前采用的框架(保持不变)

  • 优化与分析一直基于贝叶斯 ZZB:正文第 III–D 节给出了带先验权重的标量 ZZB 形式(式(28)),后续我们将所有推导统一在该随机参数设定下展开。
  • 优化目标按先验做平均:第 V 节在式(53) 明确假设多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu 在区间 Φ=[φL,φU]\Phi=[\varphi_L,\varphi_U]服从均匀分布,并据此对目标函数在 Φ\Phi 上积分加权;这正是具有先验知识的贝叶斯框架的典型做法。因而,我们的算法与数值原本就不依赖 DZZB
  • 估计基线为 MAP(与 BCRB 对照):第 III–B 节采用 MAP 进行仿真评估;BCRB 作为基准用于高 SNR 区域的对照。该评估体系与是否使用 DZZB无关

上述定位与内容可在当前稿件中找到:Table I(p.2,现写“Deterministic ZZB”)、Sec. III–D(式(28))、Sec. IV(现标题含 “Deterministic ZZB” 的段落与式(50)–(51))、Sec. V(式(52)–(53) 已显式采用均匀先验),以及 Fig. 3–7(p.10–11,图例中出现“ADZZB”)。这些位置均已在修订中完成对应统一与更名;数据与算法不变。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


3) 手稿层面的具体修改(已执行)

(a) 术语与标题

  • “Deterministic ZZB / ADZZB” 的所有出现位置统一删除或更名为:
    • “Bayesian ZZB(基于先验的随机参数框架)”
    • 如需使用解析近似以便优化与求导,统一称为 “(基于贝叶斯 ZZB 的)可计算近似指标”,并明确其为近似量,而非严格下界
  • 第 IV 节标题由 “Deterministic ZZB for Doppler Difference” 改为:
    “Bayesian ZZB for Doppler Difference and its Optimization under Prior”(或同义等价表述)。

(b) 公式与命题

  • 原式(50)(以“确定性 ZZB”表述的下界)删除/改写带先验权重的贝叶斯 ZZB 标准形式,权重项写为 [p(φ)+p(φ+ξ)][p(\varphi)+p(\varphi+\xi)]
  • 原 Definition 4 与式(51) 中 “ADZZB” 取消;如需保留优化指标,改写为在贝叶斯 ZZB 框架下、以近似的 PminP_{\min} 形成的可优化目标,并在文中直陈其近似属性。

(c) 表格与图例

  • Table I(p.2) 中 “Performance Analysis Metrics” 一列,由 “Deterministic ZZB” 改为:
    “Bayesian ZZB (uniform prior on Δν\Delta\nu)”(如保留优化替代目标,可加一行说明其为近似指标)。
  • Fig. 3–7(p.10–11) 的图题与图例中,将“ADZZB/Deterministic ZZB”统一替换为“Bayesian ZZB(及其可计算近似)”。

4) 数值与结论为何无需改动(关键理由)

  1. 优化目标本就按先验积分:式(53) 对 Δν\Delta\nuΦ\Phi 上做均匀加权,完整反映了先验;这与 DZZB 无关。
  2. 估计与对照不依赖 DZZB:MAP MSE 与 BCRB 的计算、对比与结论均保持原状。
  3. 图表仅更名不换数据:图 3–7 的曲线无需重算;仅将图例/文字从 DZZB/ADZZB 更名为贝叶斯 ZZB(及近似指标),确保术语与理论归属严谨一致。

5) 责任与后续承诺

我们感谢审稿人的审慎指正。为避免在文献中传播可能存在问题的公式,修订稿已经完全停用 DZZB删除相关表述;后续研究中,我们将对非主流或含近似推导的结果坚持独立校核与保守使用的原则,确保行文不引入额外的概念噪声。


结论性说明
鉴于 DZZB 推导确有近似且缺乏严格保证,修订稿不再使用 DZZB;全文理论叙述统一回归具有先验知识的贝叶斯 ZZB 框架(优化阶段亦然),因此后续数值分析与结论保持不变。上述处理提升了论文在概念与术语上的一致性与严谨性,同时不影响本文的实际工程指导价值。

问题

下面的这句话是不是放置的有问题?\edit{Then, the constraints in this optimization problem can be relaxed to:}应该怎么叙述我们把约束条件放松了?给出三种版本的答案,用中文给出:We tackle the problem of SNR-adaptive waveform design under the constraint of pulse power limits. Specifically, the objective is to optimize the OFDM pulse power allocation while adhering to a predefined pulse power budget, aiming to minimize the Doppler difference {\edit{AZZB}}. In particular, the optimization problem can be formulated as:
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{cl}
\underset{{\V{g}}}{\min} & \zeta_{[\text{SNR}_\text{D},\edit{\Phi}]} ; (\V{g})\
\text { s.t. } & g_m \geq 0, \quad m \in \mathcal{M} \
& \mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\V{g}-1=0
\label{opt}
\end{array}
\end{equation}
\edit{where ζ[SNRD,\editΦ]  (\Vg)\zeta_{[\text{SNR}_\text{D},\edit{\Phi}]} \; (\V{g}) denotes the {\edit{AZZB}} associated with the fixed design SNRD\text{SNR}_\text{D}, and \textit{a priori} distribution of the Doppler difference.} The proposed optimization method modulates only the amplitude of the pulses in the pulse-compressed OFDM signal, ensuring that the affine equality constraint inherent to the communication system is preserved.

\edit{Then, the constraints in this optimization problem can be relaxed to:}
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{cl}
\underset{{\V{g}}}{\min} & \zeta_{[\text{SNR}_\text{D},\edit{\Phi}]} ; (\V{g})\
\text { s.t. } & g_m \geq 0, \quad m \in \mathcal{M} \
& \mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\V{g} -1 \leq 0
\label{opt2}
\end{array}
\end{equation}

As a result, the optimization problem for the {\edit{AZZB}} reformulates into an SNR-adaptive ZZB-based pulse modulation optimization problem over the specified parameter distribution within the estimation interval. Additionally, the final inequality constraint in \eqref{opt2} arises from the constraint imposed on \Vg\V{g}. This parameterization ensures efficient gradient computations.

To minimize the objective function in \eqref{opt2}, we note that the bilinear terms in the second derivative of \eqref{lambda1} significantly complicate the problem, (due to the alignment of \Vh~0\tilde{\V{h}}_0 and \Vh~1\tilde{\V{h}}_1) rendering the problem non-convex. Due to the non-convex nature of the optimization problem, we employ a gradient-based method to navigate the complex objective landscape.

思考

Considering phrasing and placement

The user asked if the sentence placement "\edit{Then, the constraints in this optimization problem can be relaxed to:}" is problematic and provided a snippet. I’ll offer suggestions for how to phrase relaxing constraints in a more formal language, suitable for an IEEE top-tier paper, in Chinese. I'll provide three alternative versions and advice on whether the "Then" placement is appropriate.

Factoring in citation requirements

The user is focused on phrasing, but I’ve noticed that I still need to include a citation because the tool directive says all answers require one. I’ll mention relevant text from the file where the constraints are described in both equality and inequality forms, but without line numbers, the citation will likely reference the text directly.

Factoring in citation note

I see that the tool suggests including "(website)" without needing line ranges. The message indicates we must use this specific citation tag, even though earlier guidelines mentioned line ranges. Based on this, I’ll add this citation mechanism while focusing on crafting three versions of the phrase “Then, the constraints... can be relaxed to:”.

Suggestions on phrasing and placement

The user is looking for better transitions in the phrasing like "松弛(relax)" or "放宽至(loosen to)". I'll suggest alternatives with nuanced differences, pointing out how these changes refine the meaning. I'll also provide a rationale for changing the placement of "Then," and discuss how the constraints evolve to inequalities, especially around the power budget’s relaxed form.

Thought for 38s

回答

结论先说:“Then, the constraints in this optimization problem can be relaxed to:” 这句放在两个优化模型之间直接过渡会显得突兀,最好在给出放松(松弛)的理由后再引出不等式版本;同时建议把 Then 换成更学术的承接词或因果词(如 Accordingly / Consequently / In practice),并明确“为什么从等式 1g=1\mathbf{1}^\top \mathbf{g}=1 放宽到不等式 1g1\mathbf{1}^\top \mathbf{g}\le 1 不会改变最优解/仅为数值稳健性”。下面给出三种可直接替换的中文行文版本(IEEE 顶会/期刊语气),每种都配好一段可贴的 LaTeX 过渡句。


版本 A(理论等价性—严谨说明)

适用场景:你想强调“放松不改变最优值”,因为最优解仍触边。
核心逻辑:若目标在允许的尺度上是非增/同质的,或总功率预算会在最优时用满,则等式→不等式的松弛与原问题等价。

latex
\noindent\textit{Equivalence of the relaxation.} 在保持脉冲总功率预算不超过阈值的前提下,我们将等式约束 $\mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\V{g}=1$ 放宽为标准的功率预算不等式 $\mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\V{g}\le 1$。在本设定下,最优解必然触及可行域边界 (总功率在最优时用满),因而该松弛与原问题在最优值上等价,仅提升了表述与可行域的稳健性。于是,问题可重写为:

随后给出你的不等式形式(即 \eqref{opt2})。


版本 B(数值稳健性—工程实现)

适用场景:你想强调“为算法稳定/投影操作/数值误差”而采用不等式。
核心逻辑:采用 ≤ 形式便于投影/回溯步长;最终最优通常仍在边界。

latex
\noindent\textit{Practical relaxation for numerical stability.} 为提升约束投影与回溯步长下的数值稳健性,我们将等式约束 $\mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\V{g}=1$ 改写为功率预算不等式 $\mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\V{g}\le 1$并在每次迭代后进行可行域投影/(必要时)归一化处理。 该松弛不改变设计准则:在最优解处约束通常仍为活跃(触边), 因此与等式形式一致地实现总功率受限下的最优分配。由此得到:

随后给出你的不等式形式(即 \eqref{opt2})。


版本 C(简洁学术—直接承接)

适用场景:你只需简明过渡,不想展开长解释。
核心逻辑:以“据此/因此”引出“放宽为预算不等式”的标准写法。

latex
\noindent\textit{Constraint relaxation.} 据此,我们将等式约束 $\mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\V{g}=1$ 放宽为功率预算形式 $\mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\V{g}\le 1$,从而得到下述更具普适性的优化模型:

随后给出你的不等式形式(即 \eqref{opt2})。


放置位置与行文建议

  • 把“放松”的一句话放在等式版本(\eqref{opt})之后、给出理由之后,再引出不等式版本(\eqref{opt2})。
  • 避免用口语化的 Then;建议用 Equivalence of the relaxation / Practical relaxation / Constraint relaxation 这样的短小小节句或 Accordingly/Consequently/In practice 的过渡。
  • 若文中已说明“仅调整脉冲幅度且满足系统的仿射约束”,请同步改为“满足功率预算的仿射约束”,以免“等式被保留”与后续“放宽为不等式”产生措辞冲突。
  • 若希望更严格,可在附录给出“最优解触边”的充分条件(如目标关于尺度的单调性/同质性),正文保持版本 A 的一句话即可。

以上建议与原稿优化部分“等式→不等式”的写法保持一致,仅优化了学术表达与逻辑承接。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

问题

润色优化一下下面的表达:在保持脉冲总功率预算不超过阈值的前提下,我们将等式约束1T\Vg=1\mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\V{g}=1 放宽为标准的功率预算不等式。在本设定下,最优解必然触及可行域边界,因而该松弛与原问题在最优值上等价,同时提升了表述与可行域的稳健性。于是,问题可重写为:

思考

Polishing the Chinese sentence

The user asks for refinements in a more polished style. I'll focus on offering 3-5 concise versions with slight differences in tone. These will vary from the more theoretical, emphasizing equivalence, to a style that draws attention to numerical stability, and a minimalist one. I'll ensure the LaTeX formatting stays intact and use an academic tone.

Considering line number citation

The guidelines mentioned include line numbers, but the instructions seem to prioritize citing using the file ID instead. The parsed text doesn’t provide line numbers directly, and it suggests referencing the file ID instead. I'll go with that, leveraging the file ID to stay consistent with the instructions.

Thought for 37s

回答

下面给出三种润色后的表述,均保留“等式→不等式”松弛的学术语气和逻辑,并可直接替换到文中相同位置:

版本 A(强调等价性)
在保证脉冲总功率不超过预算阈值的前提下,我们将等式约束 1Tg=1\mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\mathbf{g}=1 松弛为标准的功率预算不等式 1Tg1\mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\mathbf{g}\le 1。在该设定下,最优解处该约束通常为活跃约束(触及边界),故该松弛与原问题在最优目标值上等价,同时提升了表述与可行域的数值稳健性。据此,问题可重写为:
(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

版本 B(强调数值稳健/实现)
为提升投影/归一化更新的数值稳健性,我们将总功率等式约束 1Tg=1\mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\mathbf{g}=1 改写为功率预算不等式 1Tg1\mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\mathbf{g}\le 1。由于最优解在可行域边界上取得,松弛后的模型与等式模型在最优值上保持一致,同时便于一阶法实现与约束投影。于是,问题可重写为:
(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

版本 C(简洁学术)
在总功率不超过阈值的条件下,将 1Tg=1\mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\mathbf{g}=1 放宽为 1Tg1\mathbf{1}^{\rm T}\mathbf{g}\le 1。该松弛不改变最优值(因最优解触边),但改进了可行域与求解的稳健性。因而,问题重写为:
(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

问题

继续按上面我和你说的继续修改下面的内容:To avoid the above confusion, it would seem most prudent to simply model the Doppler difference as a random variable – indeed, it’s not entirely clear why the authors insist on modeling the separation as a deterministic unknown (I’m assuming some calculations simplify). Alternatively, appropriate explanations would be necessary to clarify the used terminology and avoid further confusing the reader.

思考

Preparing formal response

I should prepare a formal response with a block quote for "审稿意见," and make sure the "作者回复" is clear. We agree with their suggestion, switching Doppler modeling to a random variable. I'll also incorporate necessary changes like revising Assumption 3, sections IV and V, and updating equations. I'll briefly summarize these edits in English, though the main response will remain in Chinese.

Crafting the response letter

I’ll prepare the reply and include the necessary page references, like Assumption 3 on page 3, equation (28) on page 6, and Section IV’s current text. I’ll start with quoting the reviewer’s comment (optional) and then write my reply, which includes four main points: acceptance, modeling as random, unifying to Bayesian, and affirming no changes to the optimization. Additionally, I’ll address modifying only the comment, not the paper itself.

Thought for 32s

回答

审稿意见(节选)
To avoid the above confusion, it would seem most prudent to simply model the Doppler difference as a random variable … Alternatively, appropriate explanations would be necessary to clarify the used terminology and avoid further confusing the reader.

作者回复(response letter,中文)

感谢审稿人这一关键建议。我们完全同意:为避免“确定性/随机性”概念混用所导致的歧义,最稳妥的做法是将多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu 明确建模为具有先验的随机变量。基于该意见,我们对手稿做了如下实质性澄清与统一:

  1. 建模口径统一为“随机参数 + 先验”
    修订稿将 Δν\Delta\nu 作为随机变量,并在兴趣区间 Φ=[ϕL,ϕU]\Phi=[\phi_L,\phi_U] 上采用均匀先验;同时删除所有把“确定性未知量”与“先验分布”并置的表述。这样处理与我们全文采用的分析/优化框架完全一致。参见:** Assumption 3(p.3)** 的改写与说明。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

  2. 理论分析回归到经典的贝叶斯 ZZB 框架
    我们保留并强调带先验权重的标量 ZZB 形式,不再使用任何与“deterministic ZZB (DZZB)”相关的称谓或公式。对应地:

    • Sec. III–D(式(28), p.6) 明确采用带先验的标量 ZZB;
    • Sec. IV(p.6–p.9) 将小节标题与叙述改为“Bayesian ZZB…”,并将原式(50)–(51)改写为带先验权重的表达,同时把“ADZZB”统一为“AZZB(Approximate Bayesian ZZB)”,明确其是用于优化的可计算近似指标而非严格下界。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  3. 为何我们并未坚持“确定性未知量”设定
    我们接受审稿人观点:把“确定性未知量”与“先验”并置会造成概念性混淆。事实上,我们的优化与数值流程本就建立在“具有先验的贝叶斯 ZZB”之上

    • 式(53, p.9) 已对 Δν\Delta\nuΦ\Phi 上按均匀先验进行积分加权,这与随机参数建模完全一致;
    • 仿真评估以 MAP 的 MSEBCRB 为基准(见 Sec. III–B 与 III–C),其定义与实现与“确定性假设”无关。因此本次澄清仅是术语与理论归属的统一,不影响算法或结论。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  4. 与稿件具体改动对应(便于核对)

    • Assumption 3(p.3):将“每个目标的多普勒的先验”改为“多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu 的均匀先验”,并在一句话中说明“在有界均匀先验下,MAP 在支撑集内与 MLE 形式等价”。
    • Sec. IV 标题与式(50)–(51)(p.6–p.9):标题改为“Bayesian ZZB … and its Optimizable Approximation (AZZB)”;式(50) 改为带先验权重的贝叶斯 ZZB;式(51) 更名为 AZZB 并注明其“近似/可优化”属性。
    • Sec. V(式(52)–(53), p.9):保留对 Φ\Phi均匀先验平均的优化目标,仅将“ADZZB/Deterministic”更名为“AZZB/Bayesian”。
    • Table I(p.2)与 Fig. 3–7(p.10–p.11):将“Deterministic ZZB/ADZZB”统一替换为“Bayesian ZZB/AZZB”。
      上述位置与页码均可在当前附件核对。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  5. 对读者清晰性的直接效果
    通过将 Δν\Delta\nu 的建模、ZZB 的形式及优化目标三者完全对齐到“随机参数 + 先验”的贝叶斯体系,并删除“deterministic”相关用语,全文在概念与术语上更为自洽、清晰,避免了潜在误读。


建议加入到手稿中的一句“读者导向”澄清(可置于 Sec. III–D 末)

Remark. 本文在随机参数(贝叶斯)设定下处理多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu,并在有界区间 Φ\Phi 上采用均匀先验;后续所有 ZZB 表达与优化目标均为带先验权重的经典结构。因此,我们以 MAP 为估计与仿真基线(且在有界均匀先验下,MAP 在支撑集内与 MLE 形式等价),避免“确定性未知量 + 先验”的表述。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

小结:我们已经按审稿人建议将多普勒差建模为随机变量并统一到贝叶斯 ZZB框架;相应删除“确定性未知量”的措辞。这一修订不改变后续优化与数值分析,因为这些部分本来就采用了具有先验的贝叶斯 ZZB 结构与 MAP/BCRB 的评估基准。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

问题

继续详细回复审稿人下面的问题:The terminology “MAP estimate of the Doppler difference” seems ill-chosen, as the MAP implies that the estimated quantity is a random variable – not deterministic, as in this case. It appears what is really being solved is a maximum-likelihood problem over a constrained domain.

思考

Clarifying manuscript revisions

I’ll acknowledge the reviewer’s point and clarify that in the revised manuscript, Doppler difference is modeled as a random variable with a uniform prior, making the "MAP estimate of Doppler difference" accurate. I’ll make specific changes such as adjusting titles and replacing terms like "deterministic" with "uniform prior." I'll also ensure the numerical methods remain unaffected and offer explanations where needed. Let me know if user prefers Chinese response letter content!

Providing Chinese version

I’ll prepare a structured response in Chinese using bullet points. I'll include suggested text changes, staying formal in line with the IEEE-level style requested. I'll mention relevant equations from Sections III-B and the PDF content, explaining adjustments, like MAP estimation and prior of Doppler difference terms. I’ll quote relevant reviewer comments as well.

Drafting response letter

I'll begin the response letter by restating the critique clearly. Then, I’ll provide a concise “回应要点” section. I'll agree with using a random variable with a prior, and clarify the MAP/MLE equivalence with a detailed explanation and formula. I'll also cite the specific pages where revisions were made: p.3, p.5, and p.6.

Manuscript revision overview

I’ll make specific changes to the manuscript. I’ll modify Assumption 3 to reflect

Thought for 31s

回答

审稿意见(原文)
“The terminology ‘MAP estimate of the Doppler difference’ seems ill-chosen, as the MAP implies that the estimated quantity is a random variable – not deterministic, as in this case. It appears what is really being solved is a maximum-likelihood problem over a constrained domain.”

作者回复(response letter,中文)

感谢审稿人的细致指正。我们完全同意:若将待估量视为确定性未知量,则使用“MAP 估计”确有用词不当之嫌,因为 MAP 的语义前提是随机参数(具备先验)。基于该意见,我们对模型、术语与行文做了如下统一与更正

1) 建模口径与术语统一:Δν\Delta\nu 为随机量(具先验)

修订稿中我们明确将多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu 建模为具有先验的随机变量,并在兴趣区间 Φ=[ϕL,ϕU]\Phi=[\phi_L,\phi_U] 上采用均匀先验(将原“各目标多普勒的先验”改为“多普勒差的先验”)。这一路径与我们后续的 ZZB 推导与优化目标本就一致:文中已采用带先验权重的标量 ZZB 结构(现文式(28),Sec. III-D),并在优化中对 Δν\Delta\nuΦ\Phi按先验平均(现文式(53),Sec. V)。因此,“MAP 估计”用语在修订后的随机参数框架中是恰当的。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

2) 解释 MAP 与“有界域 MLE”的等价关系(消除歧义)

我们在修订稿中新增说明:在有界均匀先验下,ΔνU[ϕL,ϕU]\Delta\nu \sim \mathcal{U}[\phi_L,\phi_U]p(Δν)p(\Delta\nu) 在支撑集内为常数,因而

Δν^MAP=argmaxΔνΦp(Δνy;g)=argmaxΔνΦ{p(yΔν;g)p(Δν)}=argmaxΔνΦp(yΔν;g),\widehat{\Delta\nu}_{\text{MAP}} =\arg\max_{\Delta\nu\in\Phi} p(\Delta\nu\mid y;g) =\arg\max_{\Delta\nu\in\Phi} \{\,p(y\mid \Delta\nu;g)\,p(\Delta\nu)\,\} =\arg\max_{\Delta\nu\in\Phi} p(y\mid \Delta\nu;g),

MAP 在支撑集内与“带域约束的 MLE”形式等价。我们在 Sec. III-B(“MAP Estimation”,现文式(12) 所在段落)补充了这一定性说明,以从根源上消除“MAP 与确定性”的术语混淆。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

换言之:审稿人指出我们“实际上是在做有约束域上的 MLE”,这一点在均匀先验场景下与我们MAP表述并不矛盾。修订稿即据此明确 MAP↔有界域 MLE 的等价性,并统一在随机参数语境下叙述。

3) 手稿中的具体更正与定位(便于核对)

  • Assumption 3(p.3):改为“多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu 的均匀先验”,不再把“确定性变量”与“先验”并置;并补充一句“在有界均匀先验下,MAP 在支撑集内与 MLE 形式等价”。(原文 Assumption 3 位置;Sec. II-B/III-B 相关上下文连贯)(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  • Sec. III-B(p.5,式(12) ‘MAP Estimation’):保留“MAP”作为估计与仿真基线,并新增 Remark 说明其与“有界域 MLE”的等价性。该节与 BCRB(式(17)–(18)) 处“先验 p(ν)p(\nu)”的用法保持一致,避免术语歧义。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  • Sec. IV 标题与内容(p.6–p.9):将“Deterministic ZZB …”更名为Bayesian ZZB … and its Optimizable Approximation (AZZB)”;把 式(50)–(51) 改写为带先验权重的贝叶斯 ZZB / AZZB,删除 DZZB/ADZZB 的称谓与语义依赖,统一到随机参数框架。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  • Sec. V(p.9,式(52)–(53)):优化目标已对 Δν\Delta\nuΦ\Phi 上做先验平均(现文式(53)),与随机参数设定完全一致,仅将“ADZZB”等字样统一到“AZZB/Bayesian”。数值与算法保持不变。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  • Table I 与 Fig. 3–7(p.2,p.10–p.11):将“Deterministic ZZB/ADZZB”统一替换为“Bayesian ZZB/AZZB”。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

4) 对数值结论与方法论的影响

上述修订仅为模型与术语的纠偏与澄清不改变任何算法、曲线或结论:
(i) 我们的优化本就在先验下Δν\Delta\nu 进行积分加权(式(53));
(ii) 仿真评估基线为 MAP MSE 并与 BCRB 对照(Sec. III-B/C),与是否将 Δν\Delta\nu 视为“确定性”无关;
(iii) 图表仅作术语统一与图例更名,无需重算。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


建议加入的精炼说明(便于审稿人核对)

  • 术语澄清(置于 Sec. III-B 末)
    “本文在随机参数(贝叶斯)设定下处理多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu,并在 Φ\Phi 上采用均匀先验;因此使用 MAP 作为估计与仿真基线。在有界均匀先验下,MAP 在支撑集内与有界域 MLE 形式等价,二者在本文设定下并不冲突。” (Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

结论:我们已将 “MAP estimate of the Doppler difference” 的用语落到随机参数(具先验)的正确语境下,并在文中显式解释其与“有界域 MLE”的等价性;同时,全文删除“确定性变量+先验”的表述,使建模、界限与优化三者完全自洽。上述更正不影响后续优化与数值分析,仅提升了理论与术语的一致性与严谨性。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

问题

我们的观点是 我们的变量是随机的 所以还是要用MAP分析 我们已经修改了 我们分析的不是未知固定的变量

思考

Preparing formal response

I’m organizing my response to include the required citations. There’s a bit of confusion since I only got one citation note, but I’ll reference the relevant file sections properly. I'll include changes, updates to "Bayesian ZZB/AZZB" instead of "Deterministic ZZB", and incorporate short equations, as needed.

Framing response for MAP terminology

I'm addressing the reviewer's point about the MAP terminology. The authors used a deterministic variable, but now the variable (Δν) is noted as random with a uniform prior, clarifying MAP’s Bayesian nature. I'll point to the revised sections, including Assumption 3, Section III-B, and updates to equations. I'll also ensure no change in numerical results.

Clarifying citation approach

It seems the citation rules require line numbers, but the tool didn’t provide those. Since we have no line markers, I wonder if we could use the filenavlist instead, which might point to specific sections. But, it’s tricky since we’d need to format it correctly, and the guidelines

Thought for 22s

回答

审稿意见(节选)
“The terminology ‘MAP estimate of the Doppler difference’ seems ill-chosen, as the MAP implies that the estimated quantity is a random variable – not deterministic, as in this case. It appears what is really being solved is a maximum-likelihood problem over a constrained domain.”

作者回复(response letter,中文)

感谢审稿人对术语使用的严格把关。我们完全同意:若将待估参数视为确定性未知量,则使用“MAP 估计”确有用词不当之虞。基于该意见,我们在修订稿中对模型设定与术语进行了系统性统一与更正,核心要点如下。

1) 统一建模口径:Δν\Delta\nu 为随机变量(具先验)

我们已明确将多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu 建模为具有先验的随机变量,并在兴趣区间 Φ=[ϕL,ϕU]\Phi=[\phi_L,\phi_U] 上采用均匀先验。相应地,全文回到贝叶斯(随机参数)设定,删除了把“确定性未知量”与“先验分布”并置的表述。该口径与本文后续推导和优化一直采用的带先验权重的 ZZB 结构一致:

  • 第 III-D 节使用的标量 ZZB 形式为带先验权重的标准表达;
  • 第 V 节优化目标对 Δν\Delta\nuΦ\Phi做先验平均(等式(53)),本质上已处于随机参数框架之中。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

2) 术语澄清:MAP 与“有界域 MLE”的等价性

均匀有界先验下,后验为常数倍的似然,故

Δν^MAP=argmaxΔνΦp(Δνy;g)=argmaxΔνΦp(yΔν;g),\widehat{\Delta\nu}_{\text{MAP}} =\arg\max_{\Delta\nu\in\Phi}p(\Delta\nu\mid y;g) =\arg\max_{\Delta\nu\in\Phi}p(y\mid \Delta\nu;g),

MAP 在支撑集内与“有界域 MLE”形式等价。我们在修订稿中显式加入该说明(放在“MAP Estimation”小节末尾的 Remark),从根源上消除“MAP 是否意味着随机量”与“域约束 MLE”之间的表面矛盾。

3) 手稿中已完成的具体修订(便于核对)

  • Assumption 3(p.3) 改为“多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu 的均匀先验”,并在同段落注明“在有界均匀先验下,MAP 在支撑集内部与 MLE 形式等价”。
  • 第 III-D 节(ZZB):重申我们采用的是贝叶斯 ZZB(带先验权重)的标量形式;不再混用“确定性/随机性”的表述。
  • 第 IV 节(原 ‘Deterministic ZZB’):标题与内文统一改为“Bayesian ZZB … and its Optimizable Approximation (AZZB)”;将原式(50)-(51)改写为带先验权重的贝叶斯 ZZB / AZZB;移除一切 “DZZB/ADZZB” 用语。
  • 第 V 节(优化):保留对 Φ\Phi均匀先验平均的目标(式(53)),仅将表述统一为“AZZB(近似的贝叶斯 ZZB 指标,用于可微优化)”。
  • 图表/表格统一:将 Table IFig. 3–7 中出现的 “Deterministic ZZB/ADZZB” 全部替换为 “Bayesian ZZB/AZZB”。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

4) 对数值与结论的影响

上述修订仅为模型与术语的严谨化不改变算法、曲线或结论:
(i) 优化本就对 Δν\Delta\nu 进行先验平均(式(53));
(ii) 仿真评估以 MAP-MSEBCRB 为基线;
(iii) 图表只是术语与图例更名,无需重算。因此,我们坚持使用 MAP 分析是合理且必要的,因为本文中 Δν\Delta\nu被明确建模为随机量,而非“未知固定的变量”。


结论性说明:我们已将“多普勒差”统一建模为具有先验的随机变量,据此保留并采用 MAP 分析;同时,全文删除“确定性未知量”相关措辞,并将界限与优化统一到贝叶斯 ZZB / AZZB 框架。上述修订提升了理论与术语的一致性,不影响任何数值结果与工程结论。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

问题

润色优化一下下面的表达:%感谢您细致的审阅和对术语使用的严格把关。我们完全同意您的观点。
%正如前文的回复,我们已明确澄清了将多普勒差Δν\Delta \nu 建模为具有先验的随机变量。相应地,全文明确在贝叶斯框架,删除了之前把Δν\Delta \nu定义为“确定性未知量”的表述。该口径与本文后续推导和优化一直采用的 ZZB 结构一致。

进而,我们依旧可以选择使用“MAP estimate of the Doppler difference”,since我们现在已经明确澄清多普勒差Δν\Delta \nu 是具有先验的随机变量。

再次感谢您的仔细审阅和对本文完善过程提出的深刻建议和comments

思考

Polishing Chinese expression

The user's request is pretty clear; they want a refined professional response in Chinese based on IEEE style. They included a mix of Chinese and English with specific technical terms. I need to polish their expression while keeping their core ideas intact, such as Bayesian clarifications and the "MAP estimate of Doppler difference." I'll provide 2-3 polished, formal versions, sticking to the language refinement. I don't think file_search is needed here—it's just about language polishing, not citations.

Thought for 19s

回答

下面给出三种润色后的版本,均保持 response letter 的正式语气与 IEEE 学术风格。你可任选其一直接替换。


版本 A(正式精炼)

感谢您细致的审阅与对术语使用的严格把关。正如我们在前述回复中所澄清的,本文将多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu 明确建模为具有先验的随机变量,并据此统一采用贝叶斯框架;同时,已删除此前将 Δν\Delta\nu 描述为“确定性未知量”的表述,该口径与后续推导与优化所使用的 ZZB 结构一致。
在此基础上,使用“MAP estimate of the Doppler difference”是恰当的,因为我们所分析的量为具有先验的随机变量。
再次感谢您严谨的评审与对稿件完善提出的宝贵意见。


版本 B(学术规范)

感谢审稿人对术语准确性的关注。我们已在修订稿中将多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu 统一建模为带有先验的随机变量,全文分析均在贝叶斯设定下展开,并删除了将 Δν\Delta\nu 视作“确定性未知量”的相关表述;此调整与文中后续的 ZZB 推导与优化流程保持一致。
由此可见,“MAP estimate of the Doppler difference” 的表述是合乎语境的,因为 MAP 明确以随机参数(具先验)为前提。
感谢您提出的深刻意见,帮助我们进一步提升了稿件的严谨性与可读性。


版本 C(简洁直达)

感谢您的审阅意见。我们已明确将 Δν\Delta\nu 作为具有先验的随机变量回归贝叶斯框架,同时删除了“确定性未知量”的相关措辞,与本文后续的 ZZB 推导与优化保持一致。基于该设定,使用“MAP estimate of the Doppler difference”是合理且准确的
再次感谢您的细致审阅与宝贵建议。

问题

我们想在这一下面的段落修改一下。加上一句,fig1中横轴的normalized doppler difference表示的是我们设随机变量doppler difference满足定义域宽度为0.02的区间内均匀分布,横轴上的点表示这个区间的中点。看看这句话应该怎么表达,先给出中文版本:Based on the expression for the Doppler difference {\edit{AZZB}} derived in \eqref{DAZZB}, we numerically compute the expected estimation error lower bound within a normalized Doppler difference region of interest, and examine the effect of the amplitude ratio between the two received signals on the expectation for estimation error. The target amplitude ratios are respectively set to (a) s=1s=1, (b) s=0.5s=0.5, and (c) s=0.1s=0.1. The results of the comparative analysis are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig1}.

思考

Clarifying the x-axis description

The user wants to add a sentence in Chinese to explain the x-axis in Fig. 1. The x-axis represents the normalized Doppler difference, which we model as a random variable uniformly distributed within an interval of width 0.02, with points corresponding to the midpoints of this interval. I'll craft a succinct version in Chinese.

Polishing the addition sentence

I need to add the requested sentence in Chinese, explaining the x-axis in the figure. Given the potential differences in figure numbering between the user's input and the PDF, I'll make sure the sentence stays neutral and safe. I'll provide a couple of options: one formal, one concise. Also, I’ll include the citation from the PDF for the relevant content.

Formulating the Chinese sentence

I need to create a concise sentence explaining the x-axis in Fig. 1. It’s about normalizing Doppler difference with a uniform distribution on a 0.02-wide interval. The points on the x-axis represent the midpoints of these intervals. The user's request for "每个点表示" is clear, so I'll phrase it using "每个取值对应 ... 的中点." I'll also incorporate earlier notation like Δν and s=1.

Thought for 51s

回答

可按如下方式改写并补充说明(中文):

latex
基于 \eqref{DAZZB} 推导得到的多普勒差 {\edit{AZZB}} 表达式,我们在感兴趣的归一化多普勒差区间内数值计算其期望估计误差下界,并考察两路接收信号幅度比对该期望误差的影响。幅度比分别设为 (a) $s=1$、(b) $s=0.5$ 和 (c) $s=0.1$\textbf{需要说明的是,图~\ref{fig1} 的横轴“normalized Doppler difference”是在将多普勒差 $\Delta\nu$ 视为随机变量并令其在宽度为 $0.02$ 的定义域上服从均匀分布的设定下给出的;横轴上的每一个取值对应该宽度为 $0.02$ 的滑动区间的中点。}比较结果如图~\ref{fig1} 所示。

问题

你现在要回复主审稿人的意见,现在需要你总结一下,说明对于下面的问题你都回复并解决了,先用中文给个初稿:- The abbreviation “RSMA” is undefined

  • The meaning of “MSE verification” in Table 1 is unclear.
  • The meaning of the following sentence is unclear “…considering the interpretability, the ISL of AF may not be completely compatible with CRB…”.
  • The following sentence is effectively a tautology “The main technical predicament associated with ZZB is that using ZZB as the objective of waveform design is often challenging.” I suppose the ZZB is challenging to use as the objective function due to its mathematical intractability?
  • Beginning of Section V-B: As previously mentioned, it would be more correct to say “To find an approximate solution to the non-convex optimization problem (53)…”, as you indeed cannot guarantee that you are solving the problem, however “good” you deem the output of your method to be in practice.
  • The terminology “MAP estimate of the Doppler difference” seems ill-chosen, as the MAP implies that the estimated quantity is a random variable – not deterministic, as in this case. It appears what is really being solved is a maximum-likelihood problem over a constrained domain.

思考

Clarifying edits and citations

I’ll include simpler citations for the platform. I plan to reference page numbers like “Table I p.2” and add suggested changes for the "初稿" summary for the editor-in-chief. The summary will include defined terms like RSMA and clarify unclear points in Table 1, such as renaming the “MSE verification” column.

Refining adjustments

I’ll work on rewriting a few ambiguous sentences, like clarifying the differences between AF’s ISL and BCRB, and updating Table I. I’ll also address some tautology by explaining mathematical intractability in clear terms. I'll make minor structural edits, like improving terminology and unifying abbreviations throughout the paper, and include these changes in a concise summary.

Summarizing revisions

I’ll craft a clear summary with the required strong statements like "已修改" and "见修订稿." I will also make sure to reference specific changes like the RSMA definition and include page numbers for clarity. I'll wrap up the response with a file cite at the end. The Chinese summary will list each revision neatly, starting with the header “主审意见汇总回复(初稿).”

Addressing revisions

I'll make sure to reference the RSMA framework on page 2, near the mention of the hybrid-beamforming algorithm and Table I. For clarity, I'll rename the “MSE verification” column to “MSE (MAP) evaluation" and update footnotes accordingly. I'll also rewrite the ambiguous sentence about ISL and CRB for better clarity.

Thought for 1m 3s

回答

下面给出主审意见汇总回复(初稿,中文)。我们逐条说明已采取的修改、给出修订后表述要点,并标注稿件中的对应位置,便于核对。


1) “RSMA”缩写未定义

处理:首次出现处补充全称并给出缩写——“RSMA(Rate-Splitting Multiple Access)”。
定位: 引言中对相关工作的概述处(在原文 “In [21], … in the RSMA framework” 一句附近)。同时在“记号/缩写说明”段或脚注中统一列出本稿使用的缩写。 (Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


2) Table I 中“MSE verification”的含义不清

处理: 将表头“MSE Verification”统一改为“MSE(MAP)验证”,并在表注中说明:** “‘✓’表示该工作提供了基于蒙特卡洛仿真的 MAP 估计器 MSE 与理论界(如BCRB/ZZB)的对比验证。”**
定位: Table I(第2页)。同时把我们本稿对应一列勾选的含义在表注中明确。 (Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


3) 句子含义不清:“…considering the interpretability, the ISL of AF may not be completely compatible with CRB…”

处理: 重写为更可解释的表述,突出两者度量目标的不同与在联合目标中可能的冲突:
修订句: “从可解释性的角度看,AF 的 ISL 主要度量检测可分性/旁瓣能量,而 BCRB 刻画的是高SNR条件下的渐近方差下界;二者关注点并不一致,因而在同一目标函数中同时约束 ISL 并最小化 BCRB,可能导致优化方向不一致,尤其在低 SNR 区间。”
定位: 引言末尾关于 AF 与 CRB 局限性的段落(第2页)。 (Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


4) 表述近乎同义反复:“The main technical predicament associated with ZZB is that using ZZB as the objective of waveform design is often challenging.”

处理: 改为指出难点的具体数学原因
修订句: “将 ZZB 直接作为波形设计目标之所以困难,根本原因在于向量化 ZZB 涉及对参数差值/先验的多维积分与内层最大化(见式(27)),通常无解析闭式且导致非凸目标,从而难以直接用于可微优化。”
定位: 引言与第III节过渡处(第2页),并在第III-D小节提及式(27)时作呼应。 (Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


5) V-B 开头措辞应为“近似解”而非“直接求解”

处理: 将小节开头修改为:“为非凸优化问题(53)寻找近似解,我们采用一阶自适应梯度法(Adam)并配合可行域投影。”** 同时在算法描述前再次强调“non-convex & approximate solution”。
定位: Sec. V-B 小节首段与算法前导段(第9页)。 (Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)


6) “MAP estimate of the Doppler difference” 用语是否恰当

处理: 我们接受并采纳审稿人关于术语语境的建议,现稿已明确将多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu 建模为具有先验的随机变量(在兴趣区间 Φ\Phi均匀先验),全文统一回到**贝叶斯(随机参数)**框架:

  • Assumption 3 改为“多普勒差的均匀先验”,不再把“确定性未知量”与“先验”并置;
  • Sec. III-B(MAP Estimation) 末尾新增 Remark:** 在有界均匀先验下,MAP 在支撑集内与有界域 MLE 形式等价**,从而消除“MAP 是否意味着随机量”与“域约束 MLE”的表面矛盾;
  • Sec. IV 统一改为 Bayesian ZZB 架构(并以 AZZB 表示用于优化的近似目标),删除 DZZB/ADZZB 称谓;
  • Sec. V 的优化目标(式(53))本就对 Δν\Delta\nuΦ\Phi 上按均匀先验积分加权,现仅做术语统一
    影响: 上述修订不改变任何数值结果(仿真仍以 MAP-MSE 与 BCRB 为基准),仅提升理论与术语一致性。
    定位: Assumption 3(第4页);Sec. III-B(第5页);Sec. IV 与式(50)–(51)(第8页,现改为贝叶斯形式与AZZB);Sec. V 与式(53)(第9页);表与图题相应统一。 (Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

说明与承诺

  • 以上六点均已在修订稿中落实:新增/重写定义与说明、替换不严谨表述、统一术语与框架。
  • 所有涉及“DZZB/ADZZB”的表述已移除或更名为 AZZB(Approximate Bayesian ZZB),并明确其为近似的可优化指标;理论框架回归贝叶斯 ZZB
  • 数值部分与结论保持不变:我们原本就采用先验加权的优化目标与 MAP-MSE / BCRB 对照;此次为概念与术语的澄清与收敛。 (Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

如需,我们可在修订稿中对以上修改处进行标注(高亮/批注),便于快速核查。

问题

这个是主审稿人的意见,请给出中文的回复:The reviewer(s) have suggested some major revisions to your manuscript. Therefore, I invite you to respond to the reviewer(s)' comments and revise your manuscript.

The reviewers appreciate the significant effort taken by the authors to improve the rigor of the paper. Still, one of the reviewers has severe concerns about technical accuracy of the assumptions and modelling methods adopted in the paper. Based on my own reading, I agree with the reviewer that the authors should clearly distinguish between deterministic and stochastic modeling, justify their use of the deterministic ZZB or treat it as an approximation, and either model the Doppler difference as a random variable or provide strong clarification for keeping it deterministic to avoid conceptual confusion.

It should be emphasized that a major revision decision does not imply eventual acceptance. A future version of the paper will only be accepted if the revision addresses the major concerns, and the reply is highly persuasive to the Editors and Reviewers.

思考

Preparing response for editor

I need to draft a response in Chinese to the editor. It should appreciate the opportunity to revise and mention that we’ve addressed their concerns: clarifying terms, removing DZZB, treating AZZB as approximate Bayesian, and unifying MAP vs MLE, among others. I’ll include a bullet list, cross-references, and avoid promising further changes, focusing on what’s been revised.

Structuring response

I’ll start with a thank you for the opportunity to make revisions and confirm that we've carefully addressed the feedback. High-level, we now treat Doppler difference as random with a uniform prior and adopted Bayesian ZZB, removing the deterministic version. I need to mention DZZB changes and terminology clarifications like MAP vs MLE equivalence. I’ll also highlight sections that were updated.

Addressing all concerns

The editorial message focuses on determinism/stochastic and DZZB, but the reviewers raised other points too. We'll mention we've addressed all reviewer comments, but primarily focus on the major concerns. I’ll provide a detailed list of changes, citing specifics like Assumption 3, Sections III-B, III-D, IV, V, Table I, and Figures.

Summarizing changes and response

I'll mention that we’ve addressed all reviewer comments, focussing mostly on the major concerns about determ/stochastic and DZZB. I’ll list the changes clearly (Assumption 3, various sections, Table I, Figures, etc.) and affirm the experimental results haven't changed. The response will emphasize resolving confusion, including a track changes document and a Chinese reply as requested. We’ll also avoid overstepping confidentiality.

Thought for 41s

回答

尊敬的主审(Editor),您好!

非常感谢您和各位审稿人对我们稿件所做的细致评阅与建设性意见。针对您来信中强调的**“确定性 vs. 随机性建模的区分、DZZB 的使用与定位、以及多普勒差的随机/确定性刻画”**三项核心关切,我们已进行了系统性的修订与统一,概要如下(并在文末列出主要改动清单及对应位置,便于核对):

总体答复与修订要点

  1. 建模口径统一为“随机参数 + 先验”
    我们已明确将本文的自变量 多普勒差 Δν\Delta\nu 建模为具有先验分布的随机变量,并在兴趣区间 Φ\Phi 上采用均匀先验。全文分析据此回归贝叶斯(Bayesian)框架,不再出现“确定性未知量 + 先验”的混合表述,从源头上避免概念混淆。

  2. 不再使用 DZZB;改为贝叶斯 ZZB 及其近似优化指标
    我们完全认同审稿人关于 DZZB 技术严谨性的担忧:其推导存在多处近似,缺乏严格不等式链保证。因此,修订稿彻底停用 DZZB/ADZZB 的称谓与公式,统一为:

  • **Bayesian ZZB(带先验权重的标准形式)**作为理论下界框架;
  • AZZB(Approximate Bayesian ZZB)仅作为可优化的近似指标(用于数值优化与梯度计算),不再声称为严格下界
    这一调整既避免传播潜在不严谨结果,又与我们后续的优化与仿真流程自然衔接。
  1. MAP 术语与“有界域 MLE”关系的澄清
    有界均匀先验下,后验与似然成常数倍关系,因此 MAP 与“有界域 MLE”在支撑集内等价。我们已在相应小节加入 Remark 明示这一点:** 我们之所以继续使用 “MAP estimate of the Doppler difference” 的表述,是因为 Δν\Delta\nu 在本稿中被明确建模为具有先验的随机变量**,用语合乎贝叶斯语境。

  2. 对数值结果与结论的影响
    以上修订不改变任何数值结果与结论。原因是:

  • 我们的优化目标本就对 Δν\Delta\nuΦ\Phi 上进行先验平均(原式(53)),与贝叶斯设定一致;
  • 仿真评估一直以 MAP-MSEBCRB 为基线;
  • 因此此次为理论口径与术语的一致化,不影响算法、曲线或结论的有效性。

主要改动清单(便于核对与标注)

  • Assumption 3(系统模型部分):改为“Δν\Delta\nu 为随机变量,且在 Φ\Phi 上服从均匀先验”;删除“确定性变量 + 先验”的表述;新增一句说明 MAP 与有界域 MLE 在该先验下等价。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  • Sec. III-B / III-D(MAP 与 ZZB 基础):统一采用带先验权重的标量 ZZB 表达;在 MAP 小节结尾加入 Remark 解释 MAP↔有界域 MLE 的等价性。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  • Sec. IV(原 “Deterministic ZZB …”)
    • 标题与内容改为 “Bayesian ZZB … and its Optimizable Approximation (AZZB)”
    • 将原公式 (50)–(51) 重写为带先验权重的贝叶斯 ZZB / AZZB;删除 DZZB/ADZZB 名称与依赖。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  • Sec. V(优化部分):保留对 Φ\Phi均匀先验平均的优化目标(式(53)),仅统一术语为 AZZB(近似的贝叶斯 ZZB 指标,用于可微优化);并将等式功率约束松弛为预算不等式以增强数值稳健性(同时说明在最优解处约束触边,因此与等式形式等价)。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)
  • 表图统一
    • Table I 中将 “Deterministic ZZB” 改为 “Bayesian ZZB (uniform prior on Δν\Delta\nu) + AZZB”;
    • 各图题/图例 移除 “DZZB/ADZZB”,统一为 “Bayesian ZZB/AZZB”。(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

说明:我们会在修订稿中对上述位置进行高亮标注与文字批注,便于编辑与审稿人快速复核。


立场重申

我们充分理解“区分确定性与随机性建模、谨慎使用或仅将有近似推导的结果视为近似”的编辑与审稿要求。本次修订已将全文严格统一到贝叶斯(随机参数)的理论体系,停用 DZZB 并仅将 AZZB 作为优化近似指标使用;同时澄清 MAP 表述的语境与合理性。我们相信这些修订正面、充分地回应并解决了审稿人提出的主要关切。

若您认为仍有需要进一步强化之处,我们将继续配合修改。再次感谢您与各位审稿人的耐心审阅与专业指导!(Doppler_Ambiguity-Resolving_Waveform_Design_Based_on_Ziv-Zakai_Bound_Optimization.pdf)

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