我现在想做基于激光点云的目标检测算法,目前算法检测结果如下,我的场景是悬挂式单轨交通,主要是小目标检...

Tạo vào: 9 tháng 1, 2026

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Câu hỏi

我现在想做基于激光点云的目标检测算法,目前算法检测结果如下,我的场景是悬挂式单轨交通,主要是小目标检测和不规则结果,请根据我的场景特点和算法检测结果,选择一个可行的算法检测方案,要确保检测精度和结果以及FPS的综合最优,我目前的方案是想基于体素取进行检测,请选择一个比较好改的算法,考虑主流改进的基础模型去进行改进,我的雷达是揽沃tele-15,,点云范围在算法里X轴[0,160]m,Y轴(横向)[-20,+20]m,Z轴(垂向)[-2,6]m,本文将体素网格尺寸设定为[0.1,0.1,0.2]m,实时性要求在不要很差劲即可,我现在的是OpenPCDet,我是用是3090的24G的GPU,同时要确保可以参考的改进的的中英文文章很多,要不我从哪里知道怎么改,改哪些内容呢,我有个其他类似模型或者模块的更改依据也更快实现,比如基于体素的改进有哪些可以拿来用的开源算法或者论文呢,类似这样,理解吗,我想选择的基础模型是单阶段的检测模型,体素化模型,请再进行分析,以及大家选择体素化的改进点,同时给出改进算法的来源和改进点,我的基线模型是centerpoint,我的代码现在如下:我现在使用改进centerpoint的模型,使用了你说的PDVIntensityVFE,具体配置文件如下:CLASS_NAMES: ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Kite', 'Balloon', 'Bird']

DATA_CONFIG:
BASE_CONFIG: /media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/tools/cfgs/dataset_configs/custom_dataset.yaml

MODEL:
NAME: Test

text
VFE: NAME: PDVMeanVFE USE_XY_RANGE: True DENSITY_LOG1P: True RANGE_SCALE: 160.0 # 前向 160m,或者 120 之类 INTENSITY_IDX: 3 # xyzI 顺序 NUM_HIST_BINS: 8 # 可以先 8,看效果再增加 HIST_MIN: 0.0 # intensity 范围 HIST_MAX: 1.0 # 如果你的 intensity 已经归一化 BACKBONE_3D: NAME: VoxelResBackBone8x MAP_TO_BEV: NAME: HeightCompression NUM_BEV_FEATURES: 256 BACKBONE_2D: NAME: BaseBEVBackbone LAYER_NUMS: [5, 5] LAYER_STRIDES: [1, 2] NUM_FILTERS: [128, 256] UPSAMPLE_STRIDES: [1, 2] NUM_UPSAMPLE_FILTERS: [256, 256] DENSE_HEAD: NAME: CenterHead CLASS_AGNOSTIC: False CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: [ ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Kite', 'Balloon', 'Bird'] ] SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL: 64 USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM: True # TODO NUM_HM_CONV: 2 # TODO SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG: HEAD_ORDER: ['center', 'center_z', 'dim', 'rot'] HEAD_DICT: { 'center': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2}, 'center_z': {'out_channels': 1, 'num_conv': 2}, 'dim': {'out_channels': 3, 'num_conv': 2}, 'rot': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2}, } TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG: FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 8 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.1 MIN_RADIUS: 2 DENSE_REG: 1 LOSS_CONFIG: LOSS_WEIGHTS: { 'cls_weight': 1.0, 'loc_weight': 1.0, 'code_weights': [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] } POST_PROCESSING: SCORE_THRESH: 0.1 POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE: [-160, -75.2, -5.0, 160, 75.2, 8.0] MAX_OBJ_PER_SAMPLE: 500 NMS_CONFIG: MULTI_CLASSES_NMS: False NMS_TYPE: nms_gpu NMS_THRESH: 0.01 NMS_PRE_MAXSIZE: 4096 NMS_POST_MAXSIZE: 500 POST_PROCESSING: RECALL_THRESH_LIST: [0.3, 0.5, 0.7] OUTPUT_RAW_SCORE: False EVAL_METRIC: kitti

OPTIMIZATION:
BATCH_SIZE_PER_GPU: 4
NUM_EPOCHS: 80

text
OPTIMIZER: adam_onecycle LR: 0.01 WEIGHT_DECAY: 0.01 MOMENTUM: 0.9 MOMS: [0.95, 0.85] PCT_START: 0.4 DIV_FACTOR: 10 DECAY_STEP_LIST: [35, 45] LR_DECAY: 0.1 LR_CLIP: 0.0000001 LR_WARMUP: False WARMUP_EPOCH: 1 GRAD_NORM_CLIP: 35

模块的代码如下:import torch
from .vfe_template import VFETemplate

class PDVMeanVFE(VFETemplate):
def init(self, model_cfg, num_point_features, voxel_size=None, point_cloud_range=None, **kwargs):
super().init(model_cfg=model_cfg)

text
if voxel_size is None: voxel_size = kwargs.get('voxel_size', None) if point_cloud_range is None: point_cloud_range = kwargs.get('point_cloud_range', None) assert voxel_size is not None and point_cloud_range is not None self.num_point_features = num_point_features self.voxel_x, self.voxel_y, self.voxel_z = voxel_size self.pc_range = point_cloud_range self.voxel_volume = self.voxel_x * self.voxel_y * self.voxel_z # PDV 部分 self.use_xy_range = getattr(self.model_cfg, 'USE_XY_RANGE', True) self.density_log1p = getattr(self.model_cfg, 'DENSITY_LOG1P', True) self.range_scale = getattr(self.model_cfg, 'RANGE_SCALE', 1.0) # intensity 相关配置 self.intensity_idx = getattr(self.model_cfg, 'INTENSITY_IDX', 3) # 一般 xyzI 里 I = 3 self.num_hist_bins = getattr(self.model_cfg, 'NUM_HIST_BINS', 8) self.hist_min = getattr(self.model_cfg, 'HIST_MIN', 0.0) self.hist_max = getattr(self.model_cfg, 'HIST_MAX', 1.0) # 与 OpenPCDet 的 PillarVFE 一样的中心点 offset 计算方式(coords: [b, z, y, x]) # 其中 x 索引在 coords[:, 3],y 在 coords[:, 2],z 在 coords[:, 1] ([GitHub](https://github.com/open-mmlab/OpenPCDet/blob/master/pcdet/models/backbones_3d/vfe/pillar_vfe.py?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) self.x_offset = self.voxel_x / 2 + self.pc_range[0] self.y_offset = self.voxel_y / 2 + self.pc_range[1] self.z_offset = self.voxel_z / 2 + self.pc_range[2] def get_output_feature_dim(self): # 原始 C + 2(PDV) + num_hist_bins(IVE) return self.num_point_features + 2 + self.num_hist_bins @torch.no_grad() def _compute_voxel_center(self, coords, dtype): # coords shape: (M, 4) = [batch_idx, z, y, x] x_center = coords[:, 3].to(dtype) * self.voxel_x + self.x_offset y_center = coords[:, 2].to(dtype) * self.voxel_y + self.y_offset z_center = coords[:, 1].to(dtype) * self.voxel_z + self.z_offset return x_center, y_center, z_center def forward(self, batch_dict, **kwargs): voxels = batch_dict['voxels'] # (M, T, C) voxel_num_points = batch_dict['voxel_num_points'] # (M,) coords = batch_dict['voxel_coords'] # (M, 4) points_sum = voxels.sum(dim=1) # (M, C) normalizer = torch.clamp_min( voxel_num_points.view(-1, 1), 1.0 ).type_as(voxels) mean_feat = points_sum / normalizer # (M, C) # ---------- PDV: density ---------- density = voxel_num_points.type_as(voxels) / self.voxel_volume if self.density_log1p: density = torch.log1p(density) # ---------- PDV: range ---------- x_center, y_center, z_center = self._compute_voxel_center(coords, voxels.dtype) if self.use_xy_range: rng = torch.sqrt(x_center * x_center + y_center * y_center) else: rng = torch.sqrt(x_center * x_center + y_center * y_center + z_center * z_center) if self.range_scale != 1.0: rng = rng / float(self.range_scale) # ---------- IVE: intensity histogram ---------- # 取出强度通道 (M, T) intensity = voxels[:, :, self.intensity_idx] M, T = intensity.shape device = intensity.device # 只对真实点做统计(> num_points 的位置是 padding) idx = torch.arange(T, device=device).view(1, -1) valid_mask = idx < voxel_num_points.view(-1, 1) # (M, T) bool # 限制在 [hist_min, hist_max] 范围 intensity = torch.clamp(intensity, self.hist_min, self.hist_max) # 计算 K 段区间 edges = torch.linspace(self.hist_min, self.hist_max, self.num_hist_bins + 1, device=device) denom = torch.clamp_min(voxel_num_points.type_as(voxels), 1.0) hist_list = [] for k in range(self.num_hist_bins): lower = edges[k] upper = edges[k + 1] + (1e-6 if k == self.num_hist_bins - 1 else 0.0) bin_mask = valid_mask & (intensity >= lower) & (intensity < upper) # 统计该 bin 内点数 / num_points,得到频率 bin_count = bin_mask.float().sum(dim=1) / denom hist_list.append(bin_count.view(-1, 1)) hist_feat = torch.cat(hist_list, dim=1) # (M, K) # ---------- 拼接所有特征 ---------- voxel_features = torch.cat( [mean_feat, density.unsqueeze(1), rng.unsqueeze(1), hist_feat], dim=1 ).contiguous() batch_dict['voxel_features'] = voxel_features return batch_dict,结果如下:MAR:67.25,MAP:54.592,FPS:89,每个类别[email protected], 0.70, 0.70: 3d ap:无人机:87.01,塑料布:45.64,风筝:15.88,气球:97.3,鸟:27.13,我现在想进行下一步的改进,你更推荐下面哪一个改进思路呢,一定要按模块更改,不要只微调参数,

模型 mAR mAP FPS
Second 63.49 44.36 106
PV_RCNN 72.74 55.82 10
Part_A2 66.47 54.97 38
PointRCNN 81.81 74.73 19
VoxelRCNN 61.34 44.96 69
VoxelNeXt 53.09 40.81 62
Centerpoint 55.34 41.964 65,每个类别[email protected], 0.70, 0.70: 3d ap:无人机:67.37,塑料布:16.45,风筝:7.51,气球:89.5,鸟:28.99,请给出新的模块和思路,我的数据不是时序数据,所以除了时序相关的模块,你都可以进行改进

Suy nghĩ

Evaluating model performance

I’m comparing different models and modules to enhance CenterPoint for small objects and irregular shapes, focusing on maintaining high FPS.

Optimizing VFE

I'm enhancing voxel feature encoding by tweaking strides, adding point-wise encoding, and integrating more expressive per-voxel features to maintain high FPS while tackling small objects.

Enhancing detection

I'm focusing on adding extended features like density and IoU-aware heads, integrating attention modules and deformable convolution for small and irregular objects, and adapting detection radius dynamically.

Harnessing multi-scale BEV FPN

I'm suggesting incorporating multi-scale BEV FPN with high-resolution outputs and IoU-aware quality heads to boost small object detection, aiming to improve mAP while keeping FPS above 50.

Enhancing voxelization

I'm thinking about integrating "DynamicVoxelVFE" from "VoxelNeXt" or "DynamicVFE" from "SE-SSD" to enrich voxelization, boosting accuracy and FPS with small objects.

Integrating novel approaches

I'm weaving together concepts like circle NMS, separate heads for class specificity, and integrating PV-RCNN's point-based refinement to balance accuracy and FPS in small object detection.

Mapping the pathway

I recommend implementing multi-scale features with high-resolution heads and circle NMS. This approach leverages performance data and aligns with existing system functionality.

Maximizing small-object accuracy

I’m refining small-object detection by enhancing vertical resolution and feature fusion. This involves incorporating multi-scale features and considering stride reduction to improve localization precision.

Enhancing small object detection

I'm combining high-resolution stride4 BEV for better localization and quantization error reduction, while also proposing advanced regression methods for accurate dimension and rotation prediction.

Utilizing resources

I'm gathering citations for various modules to support recommendations, ensuring each statement is backed by sources. This approach emphasizes accuracy and robustness throughout the analysis.

Integrating visual tools

I'm leveraging image carousels to vividly illustrate modules like CenterPoint architecture, BiFPN, CBAM, and deformable convolution v2. This approach enhances clarity and aids in understanding the technical concepts.

Enhancing search strategies

Now I’m simplifying the explanation by streamlining sentences and improving clarity. Progress is evident in enhanced simplicity and readability.

Interpreting research topics

I’m piecing together sources for SE, CBAM, DCNv2, and Soft-NMS. Also, I need to look up Varifocal Loss, DIoU-NMS, distance-aware label assignment, and SA-SSD, SE-SSD, AFDet for 3D detection.

Finding additional references
I’m looking for papers on Circle NMS, Sparse UNet, and OpenPCDet.

Exploring sources

Mapping out resources for multi-scale FPN and small object detection, considering papers like FPN and PANet. Also, examining BiFPN and BEV FPN in 3D detection.

Crafting an improvement plan

I’m detailing a plan to incorporate high-resolution BEV stride4, multi-scale fusion, and a quality-aware head with Circle/Soft NMS, reconsidering modules for optimal performance.

Proposing module adjustments

I'm advocating for integrating an auxiliary segmentation head in CenterPoint for feature reweighting, potentially helping with small objects and irregular shapes, supported by relevant references for credibility.

Weighing module options

I'm working through the trade-offs, considering the balance of precision and speed. Single-stage is key, so CenterPoint with specific enhancements seems optimal for small object detection.

Charting the course

Leveraging distillation to enhance accuracy sans extra inference complexity, I’m piecing together optimizations for small object detection, like stride4 and BiFPN, with references for comprehensive legitimacy.

Balancing stride4 configurations

I’m working through the stride4 features for balance, staying within 24GB memory. This approach should hit the 30-40 FPS target, assuming half-precision AMP optimization.

Upcoming feature update

I’m working on integrating VoxelResBackBone4x with BiFPN and learning weights. Additionally, a quality-aware CenterHead will be introduced.

Identifying NMS strategies

I’m looking at soft-NMS for overlapping and small objects, considering DIoU-NMS, and proposing a staged plan with training-only auxiliary head and inference improvements.

Laying out options

Considering boosting resolution with stride4 and BiFPN for small objects. If further help is needed, training-only auxiliary heads like SA-SSD-style or consistency regularization might be warranted.

Evaluating components

I'm analyzing low stride, voxel size, and quantization's impact on object localization and classification. Progress involves proposing configurations for OpenPCDet integration and addressing issues with kites and birds.

Architecting OpenPCDet

I’m constructing stride4 detection in OpenPCDet, focusing on minimal changes to the backbone, introducing BEVBiFPN for feature fusion, and boosting quality with IoU and Varifocal Loss.

Integrating multi-scale features

I’m considering adapting VoxelResBackBone8x to output multi-scale features, potentially creating a new map_to_bev module, HeightCompressionMultiScale, to process these features. This approach might simplify firewall configuration.

Examining openpcdet module
Let's explore the openpcdet map_to_bev modules and search for HeightCompression. This may yield some useful multi_scale_2d_features.

Mapping progress

I'm working through map_to_bev to output multi_scale_2d_features. Also, checking height_compression file using web.open.

Considering options
I’m mapping out alternatives to access the GitHub pages, considering a web search for the raw file on raw.githubusercontent.com.

Investigating raw GitHub links

Looks like the search didn't yield raw GitHub links. Maybe opening the URL directly via web.open will work.

Adjusting search strategy

Refining the query to include the full URL ensures the raw data is accessible. This approach improves the accuracy of search results.

Refining the search

I’m examining if the previous search can be refined to include more specific code files or snippets, ensuring relevant results are captured.

Evaluating implementation

I'm thinking through DeepWiki's summary of VoxelResBackBone8x. It seems like it could pave the way for simpler multi-scale BEV implementation and offers insights on NMS threshold adjustment from issue 750.

Formulating multi-scale fusion

I'm beginning to outline 'HeightCompressionMultiScale' to fuse multi_scale_3d_features at different strides, optimizing high-res features with minimal 3D backbone changes.

Refining the setup

I’m piecing together a plan to enhance the architecture with multi-scale features, incorporating a Bifocal Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) to achieve stride4 detection.

Noting open-source options

Listing open-source repositories like CenterPoint, SA-SSD, and IA-SSD, and noting the relevance of 3D-HANet for enhancing vertical attention.

Assessing detection methods

Evaluating BiFPN neck, IoU head, Circle NMS, Soft-NMS, DIoU-NMS, CBAM/SE attention, and SA-SSD auxiliary network to boost 3D object detection accuracy.

Evaluating VFE choices

Considering VFE with point features and MLP for voxel feature expression. Assessing PillarVFE and VoxelVFE, though the latter faces challenges with small, irregular shapes.

Proposing enhancements

I'm suggesting the addition of GT_DATABASE_SAMPLER with class-specific sampling ratios and copy-paste augmentation for 3D, while addressing fundamental issues like IoU constraints and annotation noise.

Evaluating options

I’m noting the tradeoff between mAP 54.6 at FPS 89, favoring CenterPoint for small object enhancements, suggesting specific tweaks for each module to craft a more actionable response.

Reviewing details

I’m piecing together intermediate feature names like x_conv1, x_conv2, x_conv3, x_conv4, and their strides. Checking sources like DeepWiki for more context.

Piecing together

I’m gathering info on features and strides from DeepWiki. Mention of UNetV2 and segmentation head is notable. Exploring the CenterPoint paper for citation details.

Pulling together sources

I'm gathering citations for EfficientDet, looking at previous results, and specifically examining EfficientDet BiFPN sources.

Reviewing sources

I’m pulling together sources for Variable focal Loss and GFL, noting VarifocalNet at CVPR 2021 as a potential fit.

Evaluating VarifocalNet

I'm pulling together insights on the VarifocalNet and Varifocal Loss, then switching gears to the DIoU and DIoU Loss, checking out DIoU-NMS next.

We already have GFL sources and Soft-NMS search results. Potentially transitioning to turn2search.

Gathering references

I'm compiling citations for Deformable Convolutions. Searching specific terms from earlier research for accuracy. Progressing through search results methodically.

Gathering references

I’m pulling together citations for FPN and possibly PANet to use in our work. Starting with FPN, I’ll search for relevant papers.

Mapping sources

I’m piecing together references for SA-SSD and SE-SSD, bypassing previous SA-SSD and IA-SSD sources. Considering Turn3search as a potential resource.

Compiling references

I'm pulling together citations for "circle NMS", which is part of CenterPoint. Earlier config files or specific searches might also provide useful insights.

Evaluating options

I'm carefully assessing web.run call limits and conserving calls. Discussing potential modifications for Centerpoint and image carousel options.

Enhancing object detection

To improve object detection accuracy, I’m exploring various methods like adjusting radius and super-resolution techniques, incorporating BEV BiFPN for depth fusion, and refining the CenterHead with IoU-aware scoring.

Implementing Circle NMS

I’m focusing on implementing Circle NMS for faster and accurate object detection, using center distance. This is an advanced method being applied here.

Integrating modules

Incorporating CBAM/ECA/SE modules for small objects, considering DCNv2 for irregular shapes. Exploring optional SA-SSD stylings. Prioritizing stride4, multi-scale fusion, IoU-aware head, and improved NMS.

Formulating recommendations

I’m laying out our suggested course of action without listing improvement options.

Reasoned for 29m 19s

Trả lời

我理解你的诉求:单阶段、体素化(voxel)、OpenPCDet/CenterPoint 基线,场景是悬挂式单轨、目标以小/少点/形状不规则为主(Bird/Kite/Plastic_sheet 明显难),希望在 mAP/mAR + FPS 上综合最优、且有大量中英文资料/论文/开源可参考,改动必须是模块级而不是“调几个阈值/学习率”。

你现在这版(CenterPoint + 你写的 PDVMeanVFE + intensity histogram)已经非常强:mAP 54.592、mAR 67.25、FPS 89,Drone/Balloon 很高,但 Kite 15.88、Bird 27.13、Plastic_sheet 45.64 是主要短板。这个分布通常意味着:** 瓶颈不在“整体能不能检测到目标”,而在“小目标特征被下采样稀释 + 类别之间头部冲突 + 评分/排序不匹配 IoU=0.7 指标”**。


我更推荐的下一步:优先做「高分辨率 + 分组双头 + IoU/质量感知打分」

在你给的约束下(单阶段 + 体素化 + 不做时序),我最推荐你下一步按模块做一套 CenterPoint-4x + Tiny/Normal 双头 + IoU-aware quality head,原因是它最直接对准你的痛点(Bird/Kite/Plastic_sheet)且资料/复现非常多:

  1. 把 BEV 输出 stride 从 8 降到 4(Backbone_3D 模块改造)
    单阶段体素网络下采样过猛会损失结构/定位信息,这在 SA-SSD 等工作里就是核心问题之一。
    你的 tiny 类(Bird/Kite)在 IoU=0.7 下对定位非常敏感,“结构性提升”往往比继续玩 VFE 细节更有效。

  2. 把 Dense Head 拆成至少 2 个任务头(Tiny vs Normal)
    你现在 5 类共用一套 head,梯度/尺度冲突会非常明显(tiny 类会被大类/易类“带偏”)。CBGS 的思路就是类均衡采样 + 分组多头,对小类提升非常常见。

  3. 增加 IoU/Quality 分支做质量感知 re-score(Head 模块扩展)
    很多 one-stage 检测的 mAP 提升来自“分类分数能反映定位质量”(quality estimation + quality focal 类思想)。GFL/QFL 是经典体系。
    对你这种 IoU=0.7 严格 + 小目标框容易偏 的情况,收益通常很稳定,而且 FPS 影响小。

(可选 4)把 BEV 2D backbone 换成轻量 FPN/BiFPN 做多尺度融合
FPN/BiFPN 的论文与教程太多了,改起来也相对模块化。


方案A(首推)怎么按模块落到 OpenPCDet

下面完全按你要求的“模块改动”来拆解(不是“调调阈值”)。


A1) BACKBONE_3D:VoxelResBackBone8x → VoxelResBackBone4x(最关键一刀)

目标: 把稀疏 3D backbone 的总下采样倍率从 8x 改成 4x,让 HeightCompression 后的 BEV 特征更密,tiny 类更容易保留局部结构。

怎么做(工程上最省事):

  • pcdet/models/backbones_3d/ 里复制 VoxelResBackBone8x 的实现,新建一个 VoxelResBackBone4x
  • 把最后一次 stride=2 的 downsample stage 改为 stride=1(或直接删掉最后一个 downsample),使总 stride 变成 4。

你必须配套改的配置(关键项):

yaml
MODEL: BACKBONE_3D: NAME: VoxelResBackBone4x DENSE_HEAD: TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG: FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 4

为什么这不是“调参”: 这是改变网络的特征图分辨率与 receptive field 的结构性变化,对 tiny 类经常是数量级影响。

直觉:你 voxel_size=0.1m,stride 8 时 BEV cell 对应 0.8m;stride 4 时变 0.4m。对 Bird/Kite 这种 box 尺寸小、IoU=0.7 严格的任务,“更密的语义栅格”通常直接提升 recall 与定位精度。


A2) DENSE_HEAD:单头 → Tiny/Normal 双头(用 CenterHead 的多任务能力 + 轻代码扩展)

你现在配置里:

yaml
CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: [ ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Kite', 'Balloon', 'Bird'] ]

建议改成:

yaml
CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: [ ['Bird', 'Kite'], # Tiny head ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Balloon']# Normal head ]

为什么:

  • tiny 类(Bird/Kite)更依赖高分辨率、不同正样本半径策略、不同 loss 权重;
  • plastic_sheet 形状不规则/长条/面状,往往需要更强的定位约束(比如额外 IoU loss),不应该和 tiny 类共享同一套头。

建议你加的“小代码模块改动”(非常值):
让每个 head 支持独立的 TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG(例如不同 MIN_RADIUS/GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP/NUM_MAX_OBJS),而不是全局一套。这个改动位置一般在 pcdet/models/dense_heads/center_head.py 的 target 生成逻辑里:把原来单一 self.model_cfg.TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG 改成 list(TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD)并按 head index 取值。

这一步非常符合 CBGS 论文的精神:分组 + 多头来缓解类别不均衡与形状差异。


A3) DENSE_HEAD:增加 IoU/Quality 分支(模块级 head 扩展)+ 质量感知重打分

你当前 SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG 是:

yaml
HEAD_ORDER: ['center', 'center_z', 'dim', 'rot']

建议扩成:

yaml
HEAD_ORDER: ['center', 'center_z', 'dim', 'rot', 'iou'] HEAD_DICT: ... 'iou': {'out_channels': 1, 'num_conv': 2}

训练怎么监督 iou:

  • 对每个正样本位置,按 CenterHead 的 decode 逻辑解码出预测 3D box;
  • 和它匹配的 GT box 计算 BEV IoU 或 3D IoU(只算正样本,开销可控);
  • 用这个 IoU 当作质量标签监督 iou 分支(L1/BCE 都可)。

推理怎么用:

  • score = heatmap_score * (iou_pred)^α(或 sqrt(heatmap_score * iou_pred))替代单纯 heatmap_score 排序,再做 NMS。
  • 这种“分类分数包含定位质量”的思想是 GFL/QFL 体系的核心之一。

这一步对你的 Bird/Kite/Plastic_sheet 很关键:
它们经常会出现“分数看起来不错,但 box 偏一点就 IoU 掉到 0.7 以下”的预测,IoU-aware re-score 能把这类预测自动降权,mAP 更稳。


A4) 回归 loss 增强:加一个 IoU 类回归 loss(模块级 loss 扩展)

你现在回归主要是 L1(center/dim/rot)。建议在正样本上加一个 BEV IoU loss(或借鉴 GIoU/DIoU 思路)让优化目标更贴近评估指标 IoU。

重点:不需要对所有候选都算 IoU,只对正样本算,成本可控。


方案B(更快更稳、几乎不掉 FPS):CBGS + 双头 + class-wise NMS(pipeline/后处理模块)

如果你想先做一个风险最低的版本(基本不动 backbone):

  1. CBGS(数据采样模块):显著缓解 Kite/Bird 类样本少导致的欠拟合。
  2. 双头分组:同上(Tiny/Normal)。
  3. class-wise NMS(后处理模块):避免不同类别互相抑制;你现在 MULTI_CLASSES_NMS: False 有潜在风险(尤其 Bird/Kite 容易被其它类误检压掉)。
  4. 需要更“软”的抑制时,用 Soft-NMS(模块更替) 替代 hard NMS 也很常见。

这套对 FPS 影响很小,但对小类 mAP 往往能有明显改善。


方案C(更激进、精度潜力更大但代码量更高):训练期加点级辅助监督

如果你愿意加训练用的辅助分支(推理可关闭),可借鉴:

  • PV-RCNN 的 point-voxel 抽象/点级监督:能帮助 backbone 学会从稀疏点里“抓目标”。
  • SA-SSD 的结构感知思想:单阶段里用结构信息提升定位精度。

但这条路线工程量更大,我建议你在方案A跑通后再上。


最终结论:你下一步我建议先改哪一个?

我建议你优先落地 方案A 的前三项(最划算):

  1. VoxelResBackBone4x(stride 4)
  2. Tiny/Normal 双 head(Bird+Kite / Drone+Plastic_sheet+Balloon)
  3. IoU/Quality head + re-score(GFL/QFL 风格)

这三项组合是“结构性解决 tiny 类”的主路线:

  • stride 4 给 tiny 类更多空间信息(单阶段下采样问题在 SA-SSD 等里被反复强调)。
  • 双头 + 类均衡是 CBGS 的核心思想之一。
  • 质量感知评分能显著改善 IoU=0.7 下的排序与 mAP。

你后续“从哪里找怎么改”的资料/开源依据(中英文都很多)

这些方向之所以推荐,是因为论文、复现、博客、代码都非常多:

  • CenterPoint(baseline)
  • CBGS(采样 + 分组多头)
  • FPN / BiFPN(多尺度融合)
  • GFL/QFL(质量分支 + 质量感知分类)
  • PV-RCNN(点级辅助监督/点-体素融合经典)
  • SA-SSD(单阶段结构信息与定位提升)
  • (备选框架思路)VoxelNeXt(完全稀疏、速度-精度 tradeoff)
  • (可选增强)SE/CBAM/DCNv2:

如果你希望我把“方案A”进一步落到你这份 cfg里(不是泛泛而谈),我可以直接给你:

  • 一份完整的 cfg 草案(包含 VoxelResBackBone4x + 双 head + iou head + per-head assigner 字段结构)
  • 以及 OpenPCDet 里需要新建/修改的文件清单(到类名/函数名级别),让你按文件逐个实现,不会迷路。

Câu hỏi

请按照方案A一步一步给出代码和配置文件

Suy nghĩ

Mapping out backbone changes

I’m planning to modify the 3D and 2D backbones in OpenPCDet, ensuring stride alignment and feature map compatibility. Progressing through configuration adjustments and addressing potential discrepancies.

Evaluating options

I'm considering adjusting the FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE to 4 to align with the simplified 3D backbone stride. This change will boost 2D backbone memory needs, but should be manageable with current constraints.

Refining IoU calculations

I’m crafting the IoU head supervision for OpenPCDet. This involves gathering IoU for each top-k bounding box pairwise, balancing training overhead with inference speed.

Breaking down the steps

I’m outlining the plan to incorporate VoxelResBackBone4x, configure the YAML, and add the IoU head into OpenPCDet's center_head.py with specific code modifications for training and loss calculations.

Mapping the process

I’m detailing steps to update the YAML, implement VoxelResBackBone4x, adjust CenterHead for multi-head, and incorporate the IoU head. Ensuring clear instructions for each phase of development.

Integrating IoU scores

I’m mapping out the integration of IoU scores into OpenPCDet's decoding process to enhance selection based on top-k indices. This involves adjusting final scores for improved NMS suppression.

Ensuring consistency

I’m thinking through decoding predicted boxes from regression maps for IoU loss calculation. Using decode_bbox_from_maps_by_inds, I’m guaranteeing alignment by decoding both predicted and target boxes from the same indices.

Refining IoU implementation

I’m detailing steps to refine the IoU implementation, including adding new config fields, ensuring alignment with regression loss, and modifying post-processing to incorporate class-wise NMS as an optional step.

Ensuring compatibility

I’m noting the need for modifications to VoxelResBackBone4x and aligning imports with existing spconv versions in OpenPCDet to ensure seamless integration and code functionality.

Adjusting strides

I’m setting stride 1 for conv4 to ensure vertical compression. This keeps x,y stride at 4 while reducing z, maintaining resolution and efficiency.

Enhancing CenterHead

I'm focusing on adding a per-head assigner for multi-head support and refining IoU head loss computation using gathered predicted values and target IoU.

Integrating decode functionality

I'm set to merge decode functions from centernet_utils for consistency in decoding bounding box codes, ensuring a cohesive approach for both training and inference phases.

Aligning decoding methods

I’m ensuring the decode function matches centernet_utils, with a focus on exponentiating dimensions. The goal is to maintain consistency across training and inference phases, leading to precise IoU calculations.

Enhancing decoding accuracy

I’m developing a new decode function in centernet_utils to include iou, ensuring the decode_bbox_from_heatmap function can optionally return iou_scores, thus boosting both training and inference precision.

Adjusting configurations

I’m thinking about how to tweak dense head and center head configs for multi-head support. This includes adding IOU branches, adjusting Gaussian radii, and ensuring no conflicts.

Mapping out modifications

I’m focusing on adapting training frameworks, including backbone class changes, centernet_utils updates, and adding an IoU head. This ensures cohesive multi-head and training adjustments.

Drafting the plan

OK, let me see. I’m pulling together a step-by-step plan to match OpenPCDet's VoxelResBackBone structure, with adaptations for stride and padding.

Balancing complexity

I’m working through stride and padding to keep x, y stride 4 for detail while compressing z to D=3 for BEV feature channels to match the 2D backbone's batch input.

Tuning configurations

I'm ensuring that conv4 and conv_out handle z-stride correctly to maintain required dimensions. Also, aligning constraints for multi-head config and IoU target decoding for proper feature map sizes.

Breaking down the process

I’m pulling together a method to decode predicted and target boxes for IoU computation. This involves flattening tensors, filtering valid boxes, and using BCE with logits to streamline the loss calculation.

Boosting accuracy

I’m pulling together strategies for re-scoring predicted boxes using IoU scores, enhancing the decoding function to optionally return IoU, and managing multi-head configurations for precise feature matching.

Tweaking the loss function

I’m refining the CenterHead to compute and rescore IoU loss for each head. This involves enhancing the decoding function and ensuring accurate multi-head configuration adjustments for optimal feature matching.

Revisiting the center head

I’m refining the CenterHead to compute and enhance IoU loss for each head by adjusting the decoding function and ensuring accurate multi-head configuration adjustments for precise feature matching.

Setting up configurations

I’m mapping out the YAML config file for centerpoint_pdvmean_4x_tiny_iou.yaml, aligning class names, datasets, and model specifics with the latest adjustments.

Crafting YAML details

I’m piecing together class names, data specifics, and model configurations in centerpoint_pdvmean_4x_tiny_iou.yaml, ensuring everything aligns with the latest adjustments.

Refining IoU loss

I’m adjusting the CenterHead to compute IoU loss for each head, enhancing decodable function accuracy, ensuring meticulous multi-head configuration, and integrating these tweaks with post-processing steps.

Integrating feature maps

Piecing together feature map integration in YAML and Python code, I’m detailing class names, datasets, model specifics, and making sure everything aligns with the latest adjustments.

Reasoned for 32m 45s

Trả lời

下面我按方案A(CenterPoint + 体素化 + 单阶段)给你“一步一步”的代码改动 + 配置文件(可直接在 OpenPCDet 上落地)。
目标是:(1) XY stride 从 8 → 4 提升小目标分辨率(2) Bird/Kite 与其它类分头训练减少任务冲突(3) 加 IoU/质量分支做 re-score,提升 IoU=0.7 下的 mAP

重要说明:你贴的 center_head.py 版本其实已经原生支持 iou 分支、USE_IOU_TO_RECTIFY_SCOREIOU_REG_LOSS(在 get_loss 里就有相关逻辑),所以IoU 分支这步基本只需要“加 head + 开开关”即可,不需要你自己重写 IoU loss。你只需要按下面把配置补齐即可。你贴的 gitee 版本 center_head.pyget_loss 中确实有 calculate_iou_loss_centerheadUSE_IOU_TO_RECTIFY_SCORE 的逻辑。


Step 1:新增 3D Backbone:VoxelResBackBone4x(核心结构改动)

1.1 为什么这样改

你现在 voxel_size = [0.1,0.1,0.2],X=160m、Y=40m。

  • stride=8 → BEV 网格大约是 (160/0.1/8=200) × (40/0.1/8=50)
  • stride=4 → 变成 400 × 100
    这对 Bird/Kite 这种“小目标 + 少点 + IoU=0.7 严格”的定位非常关键。

但要注意一个坑:stride 改了以后,Z 方向如果下采样不够,HeightCompression 输出通道会变大(C×D),会导致 2D backbone 输入通道不匹配
所以我们要做到:

  • XY 总 stride=4
  • Z 下采样保持跟原 8x 类似,确保 HeightCompression 输出还是 256 通道(C=128, D≈2)

最稳的做法:把 conv4 的 stride 改为 (2,1,1)(只在 Z 下采样,不再在 XY 下采样)。


1.2 代码:在 spconv_backbone.py 增加一个新类

文件:pcdet/models/backbones_3d/spconv_backbone.py

做法:复制现有的 VoxelResBackBone8x 类,重命名为 VoxelResBackBone4x,然后按下面完整代码替换/新增(你也可以直接对照你当前 8x 类,仅改动标注的三处)。

下面这个类写法遵循 OpenPCDet 的常见风格:使用已有的 post_act_blockSparseBasicBlockspconv_utils.replace_feature 等(这些在同文件里本来就有)。

python
# ========== 在 pcdet/models/backbones_3d/spconv_backbone.py 中新增 ========== from functools import partial import torch import torch.nn as nn from ...utils.spconv_utils import replace_feature, spconv # 这里假设你文件里已经有 post_act_block、SparseBasicBlock # 如果你原文件的 VoxelResBackBone8x 用的就是这些,那直接可用 class VoxelResBackBone4x(nn.Module): """ XY stride: 4x (用于小目标) Z stride: 保持与 8x backbone 类似,保证 HeightCompression 后通道仍≈256 """ def __init__(self, model_cfg, input_channels, grid_size, voxel_size, point_cloud_range, **kwargs): super().__init__() self.model_cfg = model_cfg self.sparse_shape = grid_size[::-1] + [1, 0, 0] self.voxel_size = voxel_size self.point_cloud_range = point_cloud_range norm_fn = partial(nn.BatchNorm1d, eps=1e-3, momentum=0.01) block = post_act_block self.conv_input = spconv.SparseSequential( spconv.SubMConv3d(input_channels, 16, 3, padding=1, bias=False, indice_key='subm1'), norm_fn(16), nn.ReLU(), ) self.conv1 = spconv.SparseSequential( SparseBasicBlock(16, 16, norm_fn=norm_fn, indice_key='res1'), SparseBasicBlock(16, 16, norm_fn=norm_fn, indice_key='res1'), ) # stride=2: XY, Z 都下采样一次 self.conv2 = spconv.SparseSequential( block(16, 32, 3, norm_fn=norm_fn, stride=2, padding=1, indice_key='spconv2', conv_type='spconv'), SparseBasicBlock(32, 32, norm_fn=norm_fn, indice_key='res2'), SparseBasicBlock(32, 32, norm_fn=norm_fn, indice_key='res2'), ) # stride=2: XY, Z 再下采样一次 (此时 XY stride=4) self.conv3 = spconv.SparseSequential( block(32, 64, 3, norm_fn=norm_fn, stride=2, padding=1, indice_key='spconv3', conv_type='spconv'), SparseBasicBlock(64, 64, norm_fn=norm_fn, indice_key='res3'), SparseBasicBlock(64, 64, norm_fn=norm_fn, indice_key='res3'), ) # ========== 关键改动1:conv4 只在 Z 下采样,不在 XY 下采样 ========== # 原 8x:stride=2 (Z,Y,X 都下采样) -> XY stride=8 # 现在 4x:stride=(2,1,1) -> XY stride 保持 4,Z 继续下采样 # padding 建议保持 (0,1,1)(很多 OpenPCDet 配置就是这样,避免 Z padding) self.conv4 = spconv.SparseSequential( block(64, 128, 3, norm_fn=norm_fn, stride=(2, 1, 1), padding=(0, 1, 1), indice_key='spconv4', conv_type='spconv'), SparseBasicBlock(128, 128, norm_fn=norm_fn, indice_key='res4'), SparseBasicBlock(128, 128, norm_fn=norm_fn, indice_key='res4'), ) last_pad = self.model_cfg.get('last_pad', 0) # 与 8x 一样:只在 Z 再下采样一次,把 D 压到 ~2,保证 C*D≈256 self.conv_out = spconv.SparseSequential( spconv.SparseConv3d(128, 128, (3, 1, 1), stride=(2, 1, 1), padding=last_pad, bias=False, indice_key='spconv_down2'), norm_fn(128), nn.ReLU(), ) self.num_point_features = 128 def forward(self, batch_dict): voxel_features, voxel_coords = batch_dict['voxel_features'], batch_dict['voxel_coords'] batch_size = batch_dict['batch_size'] input_sp_tensor = spconv.SparseConvTensor( features=voxel_features, indices=voxel_coords.int(), spatial_shape=self.sparse_shape, batch_size=batch_size ) x = self.conv_input(input_sp_tensor) x_conv1 = self.conv1(x) x_conv2 = self.conv2(x_conv1) x_conv3 = self.conv3(x_conv2) x_conv4 = self.conv4(x_conv3) out = self.conv_out(x_conv4) # ========== 关键改动2:encoded stride 改成 4 ========== batch_dict['encoded_spconv_tensor'] = out batch_dict['encoded_spconv_tensor_stride'] = 4 # multi-scale 给其他模块用(如果你未来加 FPN/aux loss 也方便) batch_dict['multi_scale_3d_features'] = { 'x_conv1': x_conv1, 'x_conv2': x_conv2, 'x_conv3': x_conv3, 'x_conv4': x_conv4, } # ========== 关键改动3:x_conv4 stride 改成 4 ========== batch_dict['multi_scale_3d_strides'] = { 'x_conv1': 1, 'x_conv2': 2, 'x_conv3': 4, 'x_conv4': 4, } return batch_dict

Step 2:注册 backbone(让 cfg 里 NAME 能找到)

文件:pcdet/models/backbones_3d/__init__.py

VoxelResBackBone4x import 进来,并加到 __all__ 字典里。

python
# 原来可能是: # from .spconv_backbone import VoxelBackBone8x, VoxelResBackBone8x from .spconv_backbone import VoxelBackBone8x, VoxelResBackBone8x, VoxelResBackBone4x __all__ = { 'VoxelBackBone8x': VoxelBackBone8x, 'VoxelResBackBone8x': VoxelResBackBone8x, 'VoxelResBackBone4x': VoxelResBackBone4x, # 新增这一行 # ... 其他不动 }

Step 3:让 CenterHead 支持“每个 head 一套 target assigner”(模块级改动)

你要做 Tiny/Normal 双 head,并且希望 tiny head 用不同的 MIN_RADIUS/GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP,这就需要 CenterHead 在 assign_targets 里按 head 取不同 config。

文件:pcdet/models/dense_heads/center_head.py

修改函数:assign_targets

你现在的原始逻辑是所有 head 都用:

python
target_assigner_cfg = self.model_cfg.TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG ... feature_map_stride=target_assigner_cfg.FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE gaussian_overlap=target_assigner_cfg.GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP min_radius=target_assigner_cfg.MIN_RADIUS

我们改成:如果 cfg 里提供 TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD(list),就按 head_idx 取;否则回退到默认。

把下面 patch 贴进去(你只需要改 assign_targets 这一段即可):

python
# ====== 在 assign_targets 里:target_assigner_cfg = ... 后面加 ====== target_assigner_cfg = self.model_cfg.TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG target_assigner_cfg_each_head = self.model_cfg.get('TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD', None) def _cfg_get(cfg, key, default=None): if cfg is None: return default if isinstance(cfg, dict): return cfg.get(key, default) if hasattr(cfg, 'get'): return cfg.get(key, default) return getattr(cfg, key, default) # ====== 把原来的 for idx, cur_class_names ... 改成 ====== for head_idx, cur_class_names in enumerate(self.class_names_each_head): # 每个 head 自己的 assigner cfg(没有就用默认) cur_assigner_cfg = target_assigner_cfg_each_head[head_idx] if target_assigner_cfg_each_head is not None else target_assigner_cfg feature_map_stride = _cfg_get(cur_assigner_cfg, 'FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE', target_assigner_cfg.FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE) num_max_objs = _cfg_get(cur_assigner_cfg, 'NUM_MAX_OBJS', target_assigner_cfg.NUM_MAX_OBJS) gaussian_overlap = _cfg_get(cur_assigner_cfg, 'GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP', target_assigner_cfg.GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP) min_radius = _cfg_get(cur_assigner_cfg, 'MIN_RADIUS', target_assigner_cfg.MIN_RADIUS) heatmap_list, target_boxes_list, inds_list, masks_list, target_boxes_src_list = [], [], [], [], [] for bs_idx in range(batch_size): cur_gt_boxes = gt_boxes[bs_idx] gt_class_names = all_names[cur_gt_boxes[:, -1].cpu().long().numpy()] gt_boxes_single_head = [] # 注意:避免 idx 变量覆盖,这里用 gt_idx for gt_idx, name in enumerate(gt_class_names): if name not in cur_class_names: continue temp_box = cur_gt_boxes[gt_idx] temp_box[-1] = cur_class_names.index(name) + 1 gt_boxes_single_head.append(temp_box[None, :]) if len(gt_boxes_single_head) == 0: gt_boxes_single_head = cur_gt_boxes[:0, :] else: gt_boxes_single_head = torch.cat(gt_boxes_single_head, dim=0) heatmap, ret_boxes, inds, mask, ret_boxes_src = self.assign_target_of_single_head( num_classes=len(cur_class_names), gt_boxes=gt_boxes_single_head.cpu(), feature_map_size=feature_map_size, feature_map_stride=feature_map_stride, num_max_objs=num_max_objs, gaussian_overlap=gaussian_overlap, min_radius=min_radius, ) heatmap_list.append(heatmap.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) target_boxes_list.append(ret_boxes.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) inds_list.append(inds.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) masks_list.append(mask.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) target_boxes_src_list.append(ret_boxes_src.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) ret_dict['heatmaps'].append(torch.stack(heatmap_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['target_boxes'].append(torch.stack(target_boxes_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['inds'].append(torch.stack(inds_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['masks'].append(torch.stack(masks_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['target_boxes_src'].append(torch.stack(target_boxes_src_list, dim=0))

你贴出来的 center_head.pyassign_targets 的原代码结构就是上面这种(for head 循环里又把 idx 重用了一次)。
这个 patch 做的是“模块级能力增强”,后面 cfg 才能真正生效。


Step 4:给你一份“方案A最终版 cfg”(可直接跑)

下面是基于你现有配置,做的最小侵入修改版本(保留你 PDVMeanVFE、2D backbone 等),仅加入方案A的三块:

  • VoxelResBackBone4x
  • 双 head(Tiny/Normal)
  • iou head + rectify score
  • per-head target assigner(需要 Step3 的代码支持)

你保存为:tools/cfgs/custom_models/centerpoint_pdv_4x_2head_iou.yaml(路径随你)

yaml
CLASS_NAMES: ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Kite', 'Balloon', 'Bird'] DATA_CONFIG: _BASE_CONFIG_: /media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/tools/cfgs/dataset_configs/custom_dataset.yaml MODEL: NAME: Test VFE: NAME: PDVMeanVFE USE_XY_RANGE: True DENSITY_LOG1P: True RANGE_SCALE: 160.0 INTENSITY_IDX: 3 NUM_HIST_BINS: 8 HIST_MIN: 0.0 HIST_MAX: 1.0 BACKBONE_3D: NAME: VoxelResBackBone4x # <<< 改这里(Step1) MAP_TO_BEV: NAME: HeightCompression NUM_BEV_FEATURES: 256 # 仍保持 256(我们 backbone 设计就是为了不破这个) BACKBONE_2D: NAME: BaseBEVBackbone LAYER_NUMS: [5, 5] LAYER_STRIDES: [1, 2] NUM_FILTERS: [128, 256] UPSAMPLE_STRIDES: [1, 2] NUM_UPSAMPLE_FILTERS: [256, 256] DENSE_HEAD: NAME: CenterHead CLASS_AGNOSTIC: False # <<< 改这里:双 head(Tiny / Normal) CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: [ ['Bird', 'Kite'], ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Balloon'] ] SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL: 64 USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM: True NUM_HM_CONV: 2 SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG: # 注意:不要把 iou 放进 HEAD_ORDER(否则回归维度和 code_weights 会错) HEAD_ORDER: ['center', 'center_z', 'dim', 'rot'] HEAD_DICT: { 'center': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2}, 'center_z': {'out_channels': 1, 'num_conv': 2}, 'dim': {'out_channels': 3, 'num_conv': 2}, 'rot': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2}, # <<< 新增:IoU / quality 分支(Step4) 'iou': {'out_channels': 1, 'num_conv': 2} } # <<< 改这里:stride 8 -> 4 TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG: FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 4 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.1 MIN_RADIUS: 2 DENSE_REG: 1 # <<< 新增:每个 head 自己的 assigner(需要 Step3 的代码支持) TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD: - FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 4 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.35 # tiny:更“尖”的监督(更小 radius) MIN_RADIUS: 1 DENSE_REG: 1 - FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 4 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.10 # normal:保持你原本风格 MIN_RADIUS: 2 DENSE_REG: 1 # <<< 可选但建议:训练期加 IoU reg(不影响推理FPS) IOU_REG_LOSS: True LOSS_CONFIG: LOSS_WEIGHTS: { 'cls_weight': 1.0, 'loc_weight': 1.0, 'code_weights': [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] } POST_PROCESSING: SCORE_THRESH: 0.1 POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE: [-160, -75.2, -5.0, 160, 75.2, 8.0] MAX_OBJ_PER_SAMPLE: 500 # <<< 新增:用 iou 预测纠正 score(质量感知排序) USE_IOU_TO_RECTIFY_SCORE: True # 对应 CLASS_NAMES 顺序:Drone, Plastic_sheet, Kite, Balloon, Bird # alpha 越大,越依赖 iou(对 tiny 类一般设大点更稳) IOU_RECTIFIER: [0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.30, 0.70] NMS_CONFIG: MULTI_CLASSES_NMS: False NMS_TYPE: nms_gpu NMS_THRESH: 0.01 NMS_PRE_MAXSIZE: 4096 NMS_POST_MAXSIZE: 500 POST_PROCESSING: RECALL_THRESH_LIST: [0.3, 0.5, 0.7] OUTPUT_RAW_SCORE: False EVAL_METRIC: kitti OPTIMIZATION: BATCH_SIZE_PER_GPU: 4 NUM_EPOCHS: 80 OPTIMIZER: adam_onecycle LR: 0.01 WEIGHT_DECAY: 0.01 MOMENTUM: 0.9 MOMS: [0.95, 0.85] PCT_START: 0.4 DIV_FACTOR: 10 DECAY_STEP_LIST: [35, 45] LR_DECAY: 0.1 LR_CLIP: 0.0000001 LR_WARMUP: False WARMUP_EPOCH: 1 GRAD_NORM_CLIP: 35

Step 5:你改完后必须做的 3 个 sanity check(不然很容易“以为跑了,实际错 stride”)

  1. 确认编码 stride=4
    在训练/推理 log 或者临时 print 一下(在 HeightCompression.forward 之后):
  • batch_dict['spatial_features_stride'] 应该是 4
  • batch_dict['spatial_features'].shape 的 C 应该仍然是 256(否则你的 Z 下采样没对齐,会爆通道)
  1. 确认 CenterHead 的 FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE=4 生效
    否则你会出现“可视化位置全偏、mAP 反而下降”。

  2. 确认 iou 分支真的在输出里
    pred_dict 是否包含 iou 键;如果没有,说明 SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG.HEAD_DICT 没加对或你的 OpenPCDet 版本没这块逻辑(但你贴的版本是有的)。


你下一步如果想继续提升 Bird/Kite(在方案A基础上)

你先把上面 A 跑通,拿到新 mAP(特别看 Bird/Kite 是否上升)。
如果 Bird/Kite 还是明显低,我建议你下一步只加一个模块(不动其它):

  • 把 NMS 换成 class_specific_nms(后处理模块级改动):小目标很容易被其它类压掉;这一步经常对小类 recall 有帮助。
    但这属于方案A之外,我先不强行加进来,避免一次改太多。

如果你愿意,我也可以再给你一份**“对照实验清单(A0/A1/A2/A3)”**:每一步单独开关,让你快速定位到底是 stride=4、双 head、还是 iou re-score 哪个带来的提升最大。

Câu hỏi

原始的center_head代码如下:import copy
import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.nn.init import kaiming_normal_
from ..model_utils import model_nms_utils
from ..model_utils import centernet_utils
from ...utils import loss_utils
from functools import partial

class SeparateHead(nn.Module):
def init(self, input_channels, sep_head_dict, init_bias=-2.19, use_bias=False, norm_func=None):
super().init()
self.sep_head_dict = sep_head_dict

text
for cur_name in self.sep_head_dict: output_channels = self.sep_head_dict[cur_name]['out_channels'] num_conv = self.sep_head_dict[cur_name]['num_conv'] fc_list = [] for k in range(num_conv - 1): fc_list.append(nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(input_channels, input_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=use_bias), nn.BatchNorm2d(input_channels) if norm_func is None else norm_func(input_channels), nn.ReLU() )) fc_list.append(nn.Conv2d(input_channels, output_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=True)) fc = nn.Sequential(*fc_list) if 'hm' in cur_name: fc[-1].bias.data.fill_(init_bias) else: for m in fc.modules(): if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d): kaiming_normal_(m.weight.data) if hasattr(m, "bias") and m.bias is not None: nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0) self.__setattr__(cur_name, fc) def forward(self, x): ret_dict = {} for cur_name in self.sep_head_dict: ret_dict[cur_name] = self.__getattr__(cur_name)(x) return ret_dict

class CenterHead(nn.Module):
def init(self, model_cfg, input_channels, num_class, class_names, grid_size, point_cloud_range, voxel_size,
predict_boxes_when_training=True):
super().init()
self.model_cfg = model_cfg
self.num_class = num_class
self.grid_size = grid_size
self.point_cloud_range = point_cloud_range
self.voxel_size = voxel_size
self.feature_map_stride = self.model_cfg.TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG.get('FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE', None)

text
self.class_names = class_names self.class_names_each_head = [] self.class_id_mapping_each_head = [] for cur_class_names in self.model_cfg.CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: self.class_names_each_head.append([x for x in cur_class_names if x in class_names]) cur_class_id_mapping = torch.from_numpy(np.array( [self.class_names.index(x) for x in cur_class_names if x in class_names] )).cuda() self.class_id_mapping_each_head.append(cur_class_id_mapping) total_classes = sum([len(x) for x in self.class_names_each_head]) assert total_classes == len(self.class_names), f'class_names_each_head={self.class_names_each_head}' norm_func = partial(nn.BatchNorm2d, eps=self.model_cfg.get('BN_EPS', 1e-5), momentum=self.model_cfg.get('BN_MOM', 0.1)) self.shared_conv = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d( input_channels, self.model_cfg.SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL, 3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=self.model_cfg.get('USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM', False) ), norm_func(self.model_cfg.SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL), nn.ReLU(), ) self.heads_list = nn.ModuleList() self.separate_head_cfg = self.model_cfg.SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG for idx, cur_class_names in enumerate(self.class_names_each_head): cur_head_dict = copy.deepcopy(self.separate_head_cfg.HEAD_DICT) cur_head_dict['hm'] = dict(out_channels=len(cur_class_names), num_conv=self.model_cfg.NUM_HM_CONV) self.heads_list.append( SeparateHead( input_channels=self.model_cfg.SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL, sep_head_dict=cur_head_dict, init_bias=-2.19, use_bias=self.model_cfg.get('USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM', False), norm_func=norm_func ) ) self.predict_boxes_when_training = predict_boxes_when_training self.forward_ret_dict = {} self.build_losses() def build_losses(self): self.add_module('hm_loss_func', loss_utils.FocalLossCenterNet()) self.add_module('reg_loss_func', loss_utils.RegLossCenterNet()) def assign_target_of_single_head( self, num_classes, gt_boxes, feature_map_size, feature_map_stride, num_max_objs=500, gaussian_overlap=0.1, min_radius=2 ): """ Args: gt_boxes: (N, 8) feature_map_size: (2), [x, y] Returns: """ heatmap = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_classes, feature_map_size[1], feature_map_size[0]) ret_boxes = gt_boxes.new_zeros((num_max_objs, gt_boxes.shape[-1] - 1 + 1)) inds = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_max_objs).long() mask = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_max_objs).long() ret_boxes_src = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_max_objs, gt_boxes.shape[-1]) ret_boxes_src[:gt_boxes.shape[0]] = gt_boxes x, y, z = gt_boxes[:, 0], gt_boxes[:, 1], gt_boxes[:, 2] coord_x = (x - self.point_cloud_range[0]) / self.voxel_size[0] / feature_map_stride coord_y = (y - self.point_cloud_range[1]) / self.voxel_size[1] / feature_map_stride coord_x = torch.clamp(coord_x, min=0, max=feature_map_size[0] - 0.5) # bugfixed: 1e-6 does not work for center.int() coord_y = torch.clamp(coord_y, min=0, max=feature_map_size[1] - 0.5) # center = torch.cat((coord_x[:, None], coord_y[:, None]), dim=-1) center_int = center.int() center_int_float = center_int.float() dx, dy, dz = gt_boxes[:, 3], gt_boxes[:, 4], gt_boxes[:, 5] dx = dx / self.voxel_size[0] / feature_map_stride dy = dy / self.voxel_size[1] / feature_map_stride radius = centernet_utils.gaussian_radius(dx, dy, min_overlap=gaussian_overlap) radius = torch.clamp_min(radius.int(), min=min_radius) for k in range(min(num_max_objs, gt_boxes.shape[0])): if dx[k] <= 0 or dy[k] <= 0: continue if not (0 <= center_int[k][0] <= feature_map_size[0] and 0 <= center_int[k][1] <= feature_map_size[1]): continue cur_class_id = (gt_boxes[k, -1] - 1).long() centernet_utils.draw_gaussian_to_heatmap(heatmap[cur_class_id], center[k], radius[k].item()) inds[k] = center_int[k, 1] * feature_map_size[0] + center_int[k, 0] mask[k] = 1 ret_boxes[k, 0:2] = center[k] - center_int_float[k].float() ret_boxes[k, 2] = z[k] ret_boxes[k, 3:6] = gt_boxes[k, 3:6].log() ret_boxes[k, 6] = torch.cos(gt_boxes[k, 6]) ret_boxes[k, 7] = torch.sin(gt_boxes[k, 6]) if gt_boxes.shape[1] > 8: ret_boxes[k, 8:] = gt_boxes[k, 7:-1] return heatmap, ret_boxes, inds, mask, ret_boxes_src def assign_targets(self, gt_boxes, feature_map_size=None, **kwargs): """ Args: gt_boxes: (B, M, 8) range_image_polar: (B, 3, H, W) feature_map_size: (2) [H, W] spatial_cartesian: (B, 4, H, W) Returns: """ feature_map_size = feature_map_size[::-1] # [H, W] ==> [x, y] target_assigner_cfg = self.model_cfg.TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG # feature_map_size = self.grid_size[:2] // target_assigner_cfg.FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE batch_size = gt_boxes.shape[0] ret_dict = { 'heatmaps': [], 'target_boxes': [], 'inds': [], 'masks': [], 'heatmap_masks': [], 'target_boxes_src': [], } all_names = np.array(['bg', *self.class_names]) for idx, cur_class_names in enumerate(self.class_names_each_head): heatmap_list, target_boxes_list, inds_list, masks_list, target_boxes_src_list = [], [], [], [], [] for bs_idx in range(batch_size): cur_gt_boxes = gt_boxes[bs_idx] gt_class_names = all_names[cur_gt_boxes[:, -1].cpu().long().numpy()] gt_boxes_single_head = [] for idx, name in enumerate(gt_class_names): if name not in cur_class_names: continue temp_box = cur_gt_boxes[idx] temp_box[-1] = cur_class_names.index(name) + 1 gt_boxes_single_head.append(temp_box[None, :]) if len(gt_boxes_single_head) == 0: gt_boxes_single_head = cur_gt_boxes[:0, :] else: gt_boxes_single_head = torch.cat(gt_boxes_single_head, dim=0) heatmap, ret_boxes, inds, mask, ret_boxes_src = self.assign_target_of_single_head( num_classes=len(cur_class_names), gt_boxes=gt_boxes_single_head.cpu(), feature_map_size=feature_map_size, feature_map_stride=target_assigner_cfg.FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE, num_max_objs=target_assigner_cfg.NUM_MAX_OBJS, gaussian_overlap=target_assigner_cfg.GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP, min_radius=target_assigner_cfg.MIN_RADIUS, ) heatmap_list.append(heatmap.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) target_boxes_list.append(ret_boxes.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) inds_list.append(inds.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) masks_list.append(mask.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) target_boxes_src_list.append(ret_boxes_src.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) ret_dict['heatmaps'].append(torch.stack(heatmap_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['target_boxes'].append(torch.stack(target_boxes_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['inds'].append(torch.stack(inds_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['masks'].append(torch.stack(masks_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['target_boxes_src'].append(torch.stack(target_boxes_src_list, dim=0)) return ret_dict def sigmoid(self, x): y = torch.clamp(x.sigmoid(), min=1e-4, max=1 - 1e-4) return y def get_loss(self): pred_dicts = self.forward_ret_dict['pred_dicts'] target_dicts = self.forward_ret_dict['target_dicts'] tb_dict = {} loss = 0 for idx, pred_dict in enumerate(pred_dicts): pred_dict['hm'] = self.sigmoid(pred_dict['hm']) hm_loss = self.hm_loss_func(pred_dict['hm'], target_dicts['heatmaps'][idx]) hm_loss *= self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['cls_weight'] target_boxes = target_dicts['target_boxes'][idx] pred_boxes = torch.cat([pred_dict[head_name] for head_name in self.separate_head_cfg.HEAD_ORDER], dim=1) reg_loss = self.reg_loss_func( pred_boxes, target_dicts['masks'][idx], target_dicts['inds'][idx], target_boxes ) loc_loss = (reg_loss * reg_loss.new_tensor(self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['code_weights'])).sum() loc_loss = loc_loss * self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['loc_weight'] loss += hm_loss + loc_loss tb_dict['hm_loss_head_%d' % idx] = hm_loss.item() tb_dict['loc_loss_head_%d' % idx] = loc_loss.item() if 'iou' in pred_dict or self.model_cfg.get('IOU_REG_LOSS', False): batch_box_preds = centernet_utils.decode_bbox_from_pred_dicts( pred_dict=pred_dict, point_cloud_range=self.point_cloud_range, voxel_size=self.voxel_size, feature_map_stride=self.feature_map_stride ) # (B, H, W, 7 or 9) if 'iou' in pred_dict: batch_box_preds_for_iou = batch_box_preds.permute(0, 3, 1, 2) # (B, 7 or 9, H, W) iou_loss = loss_utils.calculate_iou_loss_centerhead( iou_preds=pred_dict['iou'], batch_box_preds=batch_box_preds_for_iou.clone().detach(), mask=target_dicts['masks'][idx], ind=target_dicts['inds'][idx], gt_boxes=target_dicts['target_boxes_src'][idx] ) loss += iou_loss tb_dict['iou_loss_head_%d' % idx] = iou_loss.item() if self.model_cfg.get('IOU_REG_LOSS', False): iou_reg_loss = loss_utils.calculate_iou_reg_loss_centerhead( batch_box_preds=batch_box_preds_for_iou, mask=target_dicts['masks'][idx], ind=target_dicts['inds'][idx], gt_boxes=target_dicts['target_boxes_src'][idx] ) if target_dicts['masks'][idx].sum().item() != 0: iou_reg_loss = iou_reg_loss * self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['loc_weight'] loss += iou_reg_loss tb_dict['iou_reg_loss_head_%d' % idx] = iou_reg_loss.item() else: loss += (batch_box_preds_for_iou * 0.).sum() tb_dict['iou_reg_loss_head_%d' % idx] = (batch_box_preds_for_iou * 0.).sum() tb_dict['rpn_loss'] = loss.item() return loss, tb_dict def generate_predicted_boxes(self, batch_size, pred_dicts): post_process_cfg = self.model_cfg.POST_PROCESSING post_center_limit_range = torch.tensor(post_process_cfg.POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE).cuda().float() ret_dict = [{ 'pred_boxes': [], 'pred_scores': [], 'pred_labels': [], } for k in range(batch_size)] for idx, pred_dict in enumerate(pred_dicts): batch_hm = pred_dict['hm'].sigmoid() batch_center = pred_dict['center'] batch_center_z = pred_dict['center_z'] batch_dim = pred_dict['dim'].exp() batch_rot_cos = pred_dict['rot'][:, 0].unsqueeze(dim=1) batch_rot_sin = pred_dict['rot'][:, 1].unsqueeze(dim=1) batch_vel = pred_dict['vel'] if 'vel' in self.separate_head_cfg.HEAD_ORDER else None batch_iou = (pred_dict['iou'] + 1) * 0.5 if 'iou' in pred_dict else None final_pred_dicts = centernet_utils.decode_bbox_from_heatmap( heatmap=batch_hm, rot_cos=batch_rot_cos, rot_sin=batch_rot_sin, center=batch_center, center_z=batch_center_z, dim=batch_dim, vel=batch_vel, iou=batch_iou, point_cloud_range=self.point_cloud_range, voxel_size=self.voxel_size, feature_map_stride=self.feature_map_stride, K=post_process_cfg.MAX_OBJ_PER_SAMPLE, circle_nms=(post_process_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.NMS_TYPE == 'circle_nms'), score_thresh=post_process_cfg.SCORE_THRESH, post_center_limit_range=post_center_limit_range ) for k, final_dict in enumerate(final_pred_dicts): final_dict['pred_labels'] = self.class_id_mapping_each_head[idx][final_dict['pred_labels'].long()] if post_process_cfg.get('USE_IOU_TO_RECTIFY_SCORE', False) and 'pred_iou' in final_dict: pred_iou = torch.clamp(final_dict['pred_iou'], min=0, max=1.0) IOU_RECTIFIER = final_dict['pred_scores'].new_tensor(post_process_cfg.IOU_RECTIFIER) final_dict['pred_scores'] = torch.pow(final_dict['pred_scores'], 1 - IOU_RECTIFIER[final_dict['pred_labels']]) * torch.pow(pred_iou, IOU_RECTIFIER[final_dict['pred_labels']]) if post_process_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.NMS_TYPE not in ['circle_nms', 'class_specific_nms']: selected, selected_scores = model_nms_utils.class_agnostic_nms( box_scores=final_dict['pred_scores'], box_preds=final_dict['pred_boxes'], nms_config=post_process_cfg.NMS_CONFIG, score_thresh=None ) elif post_process_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.NMS_TYPE == 'class_specific_nms': selected, selected_scores = model_nms_utils.class_specific_nms( box_scores=final_dict['pred_scores'], box_preds=final_dict['pred_boxes'], box_labels=final_dict['pred_labels'], nms_config=post_process_cfg.NMS_CONFIG, score_thresh=post_process_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.get('SCORE_THRESH', None) ) elif post_process_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.NMS_TYPE == 'circle_nms': raise NotImplementedError final_dict['pred_boxes'] = final_dict['pred_boxes'][selected] final_dict['pred_scores'] = selected_scores final_dict['pred_labels'] = final_dict['pred_labels'][selected] ret_dict[k]['pred_boxes'].append(final_dict['pred_boxes']) ret_dict[k]['pred_scores'].append(final_dict['pred_scores']) ret_dict[k]['pred_labels'].append(final_dict['pred_labels']) for k in range(batch_size): ret_dict[k]['pred_boxes'] = torch.cat(ret_dict[k]['pred_boxes'], dim=0) ret_dict[k]['pred_scores'] = torch.cat(ret_dict[k]['pred_scores'], dim=0) ret_dict[k]['pred_labels'] = torch.cat(ret_dict[k]['pred_labels'], dim=0) + 1 return ret_dict @staticmethod def reorder_rois_for_refining(batch_size, pred_dicts): num_max_rois = max([len(cur_dict['pred_boxes']) for cur_dict in pred_dicts]) num_max_rois = max(1, num_max_rois) # at least one faked rois to avoid error pred_boxes = pred_dicts[0]['pred_boxes'] rois = pred_boxes.new_zeros((batch_size, num_max_rois, pred_boxes.shape[-1])) roi_scores = pred_boxes.new_zeros((batch_size, num_max_rois)) roi_labels = pred_boxes.new_zeros((batch_size, num_max_rois)).long() for bs_idx in range(batch_size): num_boxes = len(pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_boxes']) rois[bs_idx, :num_boxes, :] = pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_boxes'] roi_scores[bs_idx, :num_boxes] = pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_scores'] roi_labels[bs_idx, :num_boxes] = pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_labels'] return rois, roi_scores, roi_labels def forward(self, data_dict): spatial_features_2d = data_dict['spatial_features_2d'] x = self.shared_conv(spatial_features_2d) pred_dicts = [] for head in self.heads_list: pred_dicts.append(head(x)) if self.training: target_dict = self.assign_targets( data_dict['gt_boxes'], feature_map_size=spatial_features_2d.size()[2:], feature_map_stride=data_dict.get('spatial_features_2d_strides', None) ) self.forward_ret_dict['target_dicts'] = target_dict self.forward_ret_dict['pred_dicts'] = pred_dicts if not self.training or self.predict_boxes_when_training: pred_dicts = self.generate_predicted_boxes( data_dict['batch_size'], pred_dicts ) if self.predict_boxes_when_training: rois, roi_scores, roi_labels = self.reorder_rois_for_refining(data_dict['batch_size'], pred_dicts) data_dict['rois'] = rois data_dict['roi_scores'] = roi_scores data_dict['roi_labels'] = roi_labels data_dict['has_class_labels'] = True else: data_dict['final_box_dicts'] = pred_dicts return data_dict

请给出修改后的代码,因为我看你修改后的不对

Suy nghĩ

Adapting patch to user's code style

I need to provide the corrected code for center_head as per the user's version. It seems like their version reuses the idx variable and has specific configurations related to TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG. I’ll adjust my patch to fit their style, especially the use of .get for the feature_map_stride, making sure it works correctly within their setup.

Fixing center_head variable issues and robustness

For center_head, I need to adjust assign_targets to use per-head config and provide the full modified code for center_head.py. There’s a bug in get_loss: iou_reg_loss references batch_box_preds_for_iou even if 'iou' is undefined in pred_dict. To fix this, I’ll define batch_box_preds_for_iou before the conditional to avoid errors.

Fixing feature_map_stride handling and adapting logic

In assign_targets, we need to account for feature_map_stride. The current code ignores the passed feature_map_stride from data_dict, relying on the config's stride instead. I'll adapt it to use the passed stride if it's provided, ensuring consistency, and also address the stride mismatch when using 4x.

Plan for modifying center_head.py

In center_head.py, I'll adjust __init__ to set self.feature_map_stride from the config, with stride 4. In assign_targets, I'll accept feature_map_stride in kwargs, but prioritize per-head config if it exists. I'll implement per-head assigner configs and ensure robust handling of feature_map_stride to avoid mismatches, with safeguards for variable shadowing.

Finalizing center_head.py with modifications

I'll provide the full modified center_head.py, as requested, with the necessary changes flagged for clarity (e.g., # >>> MOD). The user also needs a config snippet to add TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD and FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE. I'll ensure all required adjustments are included and will avoid introducing confusion with the updated code. I'll also address the iou head and ensure consistency with generate_predicted_boxes.

Thought for 56s

Trả lời

收到。你这份 center_head.py 跟我前面给的 patch 版本不一致,所以你会觉得“不对”。下面我按你贴出来的原始代码,给出一个可直接替换的修改版(只改必要地方):

  • ✅ 支持 TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD(每个 head 一套 assigner:stride / overlap / min_radius / max_objs)
  • ✅ 修复你原代码里 idx 变量被重复覆盖 的坑(外层 head idx、内层 gt idx)
  • ✅ 顺手修复一个隐藏 bug:当 IOU_REG_LOSS=Truepred_dict 没有 iou 时,batch_box_preds_for_iou 可能未定义(虽然你通常会加 iou head,但这里让它更鲁棒)

你只需要把下面整个文件内容替换掉原 pcdet/models/dense_heads/center_head.py(或至少替换相同位置的函数实现)。


✅ 修改后的 center_head.py(与你贴的版本对齐)

python
import copy import numpy as np import torch import torch.nn as nn from torch.nn.init import kaiming_normal_ from ..model_utils import model_nms_utils from ..model_utils import centernet_utils from ...utils import loss_utils from functools import partial class SeparateHead(nn.Module): def __init__(self, input_channels, sep_head_dict, init_bias=-2.19, use_bias=False, norm_func=None): super().__init__() self.sep_head_dict = sep_head_dict for cur_name in self.sep_head_dict: output_channels = self.sep_head_dict[cur_name]['out_channels'] num_conv = self.sep_head_dict[cur_name]['num_conv'] fc_list = [] for k in range(num_conv - 1): fc_list.append(nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(input_channels, input_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=use_bias), nn.BatchNorm2d(input_channels) if norm_func is None else norm_func(input_channels), nn.ReLU() )) fc_list.append(nn.Conv2d(input_channels, output_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=True)) fc = nn.Sequential(*fc_list) if 'hm' in cur_name: fc[-1].bias.data.fill_(init_bias) else: for m in fc.modules(): if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d): kaiming_normal_(m.weight.data) if hasattr(m, "bias") and m.bias is not None: nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0) self.__setattr__(cur_name, fc) def forward(self, x): ret_dict = {} for cur_name in self.sep_head_dict: ret_dict[cur_name] = self.__getattr__(cur_name)(x) return ret_dict class CenterHead(nn.Module): def __init__(self, model_cfg, input_channels, num_class, class_names, grid_size, point_cloud_range, voxel_size, predict_boxes_when_training=True): super().__init__() self.model_cfg = model_cfg self.num_class = num_class self.grid_size = grid_size self.point_cloud_range = point_cloud_range self.voxel_size = voxel_size self.feature_map_stride = self.model_cfg.TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG.get('FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE', None) self.class_names = class_names self.class_names_each_head = [] self.class_id_mapping_each_head = [] for cur_class_names in self.model_cfg.CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: self.class_names_each_head.append([x for x in cur_class_names if x in class_names]) cur_class_id_mapping = torch.from_numpy(np.array( [self.class_names.index(x) for x in cur_class_names if x in class_names] )).cuda() self.class_id_mapping_each_head.append(cur_class_id_mapping) total_classes = sum([len(x) for x in self.class_names_each_head]) assert total_classes == len(self.class_names), f'class_names_each_head={self.class_names_each_head}' norm_func = partial(nn.BatchNorm2d, eps=self.model_cfg.get('BN_EPS', 1e-5), momentum=self.model_cfg.get('BN_MOM', 0.1)) self.shared_conv = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d( input_channels, self.model_cfg.SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL, 3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=self.model_cfg.get('USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM', False) ), norm_func(self.model_cfg.SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL), nn.ReLU(), ) self.heads_list = nn.ModuleList() self.separate_head_cfg = self.model_cfg.SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG for head_idx, cur_class_names in enumerate(self.class_names_each_head): cur_head_dict = copy.deepcopy(self.separate_head_cfg.HEAD_DICT) cur_head_dict['hm'] = dict(out_channels=len(cur_class_names), num_conv=self.model_cfg.NUM_HM_CONV) self.heads_list.append( SeparateHead( input_channels=self.model_cfg.SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL, sep_head_dict=cur_head_dict, init_bias=-2.19, use_bias=self.model_cfg.get('USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM', False), norm_func=norm_func ) ) self.predict_boxes_when_training = predict_boxes_when_training self.forward_ret_dict = {} self.build_losses() def build_losses(self): self.add_module('hm_loss_func', loss_utils.FocalLossCenterNet()) self.add_module('reg_loss_func', loss_utils.RegLossCenterNet()) def assign_target_of_single_head( self, num_classes, gt_boxes, feature_map_size, feature_map_stride, num_max_objs=500, gaussian_overlap=0.1, min_radius=2 ): heatmap = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_classes, feature_map_size[1], feature_map_size[0]) ret_boxes = gt_boxes.new_zeros((num_max_objs, gt_boxes.shape[-1] - 1 + 1)) inds = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_max_objs).long() mask = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_max_objs).long() ret_boxes_src = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_max_objs, gt_boxes.shape[-1]) ret_boxes_src[:gt_boxes.shape[0]] = gt_boxes x, y, z = gt_boxes[:, 0], gt_boxes[:, 1], gt_boxes[:, 2] coord_x = (x - self.point_cloud_range[0]) / self.voxel_size[0] / feature_map_stride coord_y = (y - self.point_cloud_range[1]) / self.voxel_size[1] / feature_map_stride coord_x = torch.clamp(coord_x, min=0, max=feature_map_size[0] - 0.5) coord_y = torch.clamp(coord_y, min=0, max=feature_map_size[1] - 0.5) center = torch.cat((coord_x[:, None], coord_y[:, None]), dim=-1) center_int = center.int() center_int_float = center_int.float() dx, dy, dz = gt_boxes[:, 3], gt_boxes[:, 4], gt_boxes[:, 5] dx = dx / self.voxel_size[0] / feature_map_stride dy = dy / self.voxel_size[1] / feature_map_stride radius = centernet_utils.gaussian_radius(dx, dy, min_overlap=gaussian_overlap) radius = torch.clamp_min(radius.int(), min=min_radius) for k in range(min(num_max_objs, gt_boxes.shape[0])): if dx[k] <= 0 or dy[k] <= 0: continue if not (0 <= center_int[k][0] <= feature_map_size[0] and 0 <= center_int[k][1] <= feature_map_size[1]): continue cur_class_id = (gt_boxes[k, -1] - 1).long() centernet_utils.draw_gaussian_to_heatmap(heatmap[cur_class_id], center[k], radius[k].item()) inds[k] = center_int[k, 1] * feature_map_size[0] + center_int[k, 0] mask[k] = 1 ret_boxes[k, 0:2] = center[k] - center_int_float[k].float() ret_boxes[k, 2] = z[k] ret_boxes[k, 3:6] = gt_boxes[k, 3:6].log() ret_boxes[k, 6] = torch.cos(gt_boxes[k, 6]) ret_boxes[k, 7] = torch.sin(gt_boxes[k, 6]) if gt_boxes.shape[1] > 8: ret_boxes[k, 8:] = gt_boxes[k, 7:-1] return heatmap, ret_boxes, inds, mask, ret_boxes_src # ===================== 关键修改:assign_targets 支持 per-head assigner ===================== def assign_targets(self, gt_boxes, feature_map_size=None, **kwargs): feature_map_size = feature_map_size[::-1] # [H, W] ==> [x, y] target_assigner_cfg = self.model_cfg.TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG # 新增:每个 head 独立配置(list[dict/EasyDict]) target_assigner_cfg_each_head = self.model_cfg.get('TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD', None) if target_assigner_cfg_each_head is not None: assert len(target_assigner_cfg_each_head) == len(self.class_names_each_head), \ f"TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD 长度({len(target_assigner_cfg_each_head)}) " \ f"必须等于 head 数({len(self.class_names_each_head)})" # 新增:如果外部传了 feature_map_stride(你 forward 里传了 spatial_features_2d_strides),优先用它 runtime_stride = kwargs.get('feature_map_stride', None) if runtime_stride is not None: # 有些地方可能传 list/tuple,这里只取 int if isinstance(runtime_stride, (list, tuple)): runtime_stride = int(runtime_stride[0]) else: runtime_stride = int(runtime_stride) def _get_cfg_value(cfg, key, default): # cfg 可能是 dict / EasyDict if cfg is None: return default if isinstance(cfg, dict): return cfg.get(key, default) # EasyDict / edict 都支持 getattr return getattr(cfg, key, default) batch_size = gt_boxes.shape[0] ret_dict = { 'heatmaps': [], 'target_boxes': [], 'inds': [], 'masks': [], 'heatmap_masks': [], 'target_boxes_src': [], } all_names = np.array(['bg', *self.class_names]) for head_idx, cur_class_names in enumerate(self.class_names_each_head): # per-head cfg cur_cfg = target_assigner_cfg_each_head[head_idx] if target_assigner_cfg_each_head is not None else target_assigner_cfg cur_feature_map_stride = _get_cfg_value(cur_cfg, 'FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE', target_assigner_cfg.FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE) cur_num_max_objs = _get_cfg_value(cur_cfg, 'NUM_MAX_OBJS', target_assigner_cfg.NUM_MAX_OBJS) cur_gaussian_overlap = _get_cfg_value(cur_cfg, 'GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP', target_assigner_cfg.GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP) cur_min_radius = _get_cfg_value(cur_cfg, 'MIN_RADIUS', target_assigner_cfg.MIN_RADIUS) # runtime stride 优先(避免 stride=4 backbone 但 cfg 写错导致全偏) if runtime_stride is not None: cur_feature_map_stride = runtime_stride heatmap_list, target_boxes_list, inds_list, masks_list, target_boxes_src_list = [], [], [], [], [] for bs_idx in range(batch_size): cur_gt_boxes = gt_boxes[bs_idx] gt_class_names = all_names[cur_gt_boxes[:, -1].cpu().long().numpy()] gt_boxes_single_head = [] # 修复:不要复用 idx(原代码会覆盖外层 idx) for gt_idx, name in enumerate(gt_class_names): if name not in cur_class_names: continue temp_box = cur_gt_boxes[gt_idx].clone() temp_box[-1] = cur_class_names.index(name) + 1 gt_boxes_single_head.append(temp_box[None, :]) if len(gt_boxes_single_head) == 0: gt_boxes_single_head = cur_gt_boxes[:0, :] else: gt_boxes_single_head = torch.cat(gt_boxes_single_head, dim=0) heatmap, ret_boxes, inds, mask, ret_boxes_src = self.assign_target_of_single_head( num_classes=len(cur_class_names), gt_boxes=gt_boxes_single_head.cpu(), feature_map_size=feature_map_size, feature_map_stride=cur_feature_map_stride, num_max_objs=cur_num_max_objs, gaussian_overlap=cur_gaussian_overlap, min_radius=cur_min_radius, ) heatmap_list.append(heatmap.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) target_boxes_list.append(ret_boxes.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) inds_list.append(inds.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) masks_list.append(mask.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) target_boxes_src_list.append(ret_boxes_src.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) ret_dict['heatmaps'].append(torch.stack(heatmap_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['target_boxes'].append(torch.stack(target_boxes_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['inds'].append(torch.stack(inds_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['masks'].append(torch.stack(masks_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['target_boxes_src'].append(torch.stack(target_boxes_src_list, dim=0)) return ret_dict def sigmoid(self, x): y = torch.clamp(x.sigmoid(), min=1e-4, max=1 - 1e-4) return y # ===================== 小修复:iou_reg_loss 时 batch_box_preds_for_iou 必然存在 ===================== def get_loss(self): pred_dicts = self.forward_ret_dict['pred_dicts'] target_dicts = self.forward_ret_dict['target_dicts'] tb_dict = {} loss = 0 for head_idx, pred_dict in enumerate(pred_dicts): pred_dict['hm'] = self.sigmoid(pred_dict['hm']) hm_loss = self.hm_loss_func(pred_dict['hm'], target_dicts['heatmaps'][head_idx]) hm_loss *= self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['cls_weight'] target_boxes = target_dicts['target_boxes'][head_idx] pred_boxes = torch.cat([pred_dict[head_name] for head_name in self.separate_head_cfg.HEAD_ORDER], dim=1) reg_loss = self.reg_loss_func( pred_boxes, target_dicts['masks'][head_idx], target_dicts['inds'][head_idx], target_boxes ) loc_loss = (reg_loss * reg_loss.new_tensor(self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['code_weights'])).sum() loc_loss = loc_loss * self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['loc_weight'] loss += hm_loss + loc_loss tb_dict['hm_loss_head_%d' % head_idx] = hm_loss.item() tb_dict['loc_loss_head_%d' % head_idx] = loc_loss.item() if ('iou' in pred_dict) or self.model_cfg.get('IOU_REG_LOSS', False): batch_box_preds = centernet_utils.decode_bbox_from_pred_dicts( pred_dict=pred_dict, point_cloud_range=self.point_cloud_range, voxel_size=self.voxel_size, feature_map_stride=self.feature_map_stride ) # (B, H, W, 7 or 9) # 无论有没有 iou head,都定义 batch_box_preds_for_iou,避免未定义 batch_box_preds_for_iou = batch_box_preds.permute(0, 3, 1, 2).contiguous() if 'iou' in pred_dict: iou_loss = loss_utils.calculate_iou_loss_centerhead( iou_preds=pred_dict['iou'], batch_box_preds=batch_box_preds_for_iou.clone().detach(), mask=target_dicts['masks'][head_idx], ind=target_dicts['inds'][head_idx], gt_boxes=target_dicts['target_boxes_src'][head_idx] ) loss += iou_loss tb_dict['iou_loss_head_%d' % head_idx] = iou_loss.item() if self.model_cfg.get('IOU_REG_LOSS', False): iou_reg_loss = loss_utils.calculate_iou_reg_loss_centerhead( batch_box_preds=batch_box_preds_for_iou, mask=target_dicts['masks'][head_idx], ind=target_dicts['inds'][head_idx], gt_boxes=target_dicts['target_boxes_src'][head_idx] ) if target_dicts['masks'][head_idx].sum().item() != 0: iou_reg_loss = iou_reg_loss * self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['loc_weight'] loss += iou_reg_loss tb_dict['iou_reg_loss_head_%d' % head_idx] = iou_reg_loss.item() else: loss += (batch_box_preds_for_iou * 0.).sum() tb_dict['iou_reg_loss_head_%d' % head_idx] = (batch_box_preds_for_iou * 0.).sum() tb_dict['rpn_loss'] = loss.item() return loss, tb_dict def generate_predicted_boxes(self, batch_size, pred_dicts): post_process_cfg = self.model_cfg.POST_PROCESSING post_center_limit_range = torch.tensor(post_process_cfg.POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE).cuda().float() ret_dict = [{ 'pred_boxes': [], 'pred_scores': [], 'pred_labels': [], } for k in range(batch_size)] for head_idx, pred_dict in enumerate(pred_dicts): batch_hm = pred_dict['hm'].sigmoid() batch_center = pred_dict['center'] batch_center_z = pred_dict['center_z'] batch_dim = pred_dict['dim'].exp() batch_rot_cos = pred_dict['rot'][:, 0].unsqueeze(dim=1) batch_rot_sin = pred_dict['rot'][:, 1].unsqueeze(dim=1) batch_vel = pred_dict['vel'] if 'vel' in self.separate_head_cfg.HEAD_ORDER else None batch_iou = (pred_dict['iou'] + 1) * 0.5 if 'iou' in pred_dict else None final_pred_dicts = centernet_utils.decode_bbox_from_heatmap( heatmap=batch_hm, rot_cos=batch_rot_cos, rot_sin=batch_rot_sin, center=batch_center, center_z=batch_center_z, dim=batch_dim, vel=batch_vel, iou=batch_iou, point_cloud_range=self.point_cloud_range, voxel_size=self.voxel_size, feature_map_stride=self.feature_map_stride, K=post_process_cfg.MAX_OBJ_PER_SAMPLE, circle_nms=(post_process_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.NMS_TYPE == 'circle_nms'), score_thresh=post_process_cfg.SCORE_THRESH, post_center_limit_range=post_center_limit_range ) for k, final_dict in enumerate(final_pred_dicts): final_dict['pred_labels'] = self.class_id_mapping_each_head[head_idx][final_dict['pred_labels'].long()] if post_process_cfg.get('USE_IOU_TO_RECTIFY_SCORE', False) and 'pred_iou' in final_dict: pred_iou = torch.clamp(final_dict['pred_iou'], min=0, max=1.0) IOU_RECTIFIER = final_dict['pred_scores'].new_tensor(post_process_cfg.IOU_RECTIFIER) final_dict['pred_scores'] = torch.pow( final_dict['pred_scores'], 1 - IOU_RECTIFIER[final_dict['pred_labels']] ) * torch.pow( pred_iou, IOU_RECTIFIER[final_dict['pred_labels']] ) if post_process_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.NMS_TYPE not in ['circle_nms', 'class_specific_nms']: selected, selected_scores = model_nms_utils.class_agnostic_nms( box_scores=final_dict['pred_scores'], box_preds=final_dict['pred_boxes'], nms_config=post_process_cfg.NMS_CONFIG, score_thresh=None ) elif post_process_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.NMS_TYPE == 'class_specific_nms': selected, selected_scores = model_nms_utils.class_specific_nms( box_scores=final_dict['pred_scores'], box_preds=final_dict['pred_boxes'], box_labels=final_dict['pred_labels'], nms_config=post_process_cfg.NMS_CONFIG, score_thresh=post_process_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.get('SCORE_THRESH', None) ) elif post_process_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.NMS_TYPE == 'circle_nms': raise NotImplementedError final_dict['pred_boxes'] = final_dict['pred_boxes'][selected] final_dict['pred_scores'] = selected_scores final_dict['pred_labels'] = final_dict['pred_labels'][selected] ret_dict[k]['pred_boxes'].append(final_dict['pred_boxes']) ret_dict[k]['pred_scores'].append(final_dict['pred_scores']) ret_dict[k]['pred_labels'].append(final_dict['pred_labels']) for k in range(batch_size): ret_dict[k]['pred_boxes'] = torch.cat(ret_dict[k]['pred_boxes'], dim=0) ret_dict[k]['pred_scores'] = torch.cat(ret_dict[k]['pred_scores'], dim=0) ret_dict[k]['pred_labels'] = torch.cat(ret_dict[k]['pred_labels'], dim=0) + 1 return ret_dict @staticmethod def reorder_rois_for_refining(batch_size, pred_dicts): num_max_rois = max([len(cur_dict['pred_boxes']) for cur_dict in pred_dicts]) num_max_rois = max(1, num_max_rois) pred_boxes = pred_dicts[0]['pred_boxes'] rois = pred_boxes.new_zeros((batch_size, num_max_rois, pred_boxes.shape[-1])) roi_scores = pred_boxes.new_zeros((batch_size, num_max_rois)) roi_labels = pred_boxes.new_zeros((batch_size, num_max_rois)).long() for bs_idx in range(batch_size): num_boxes = len(pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_boxes']) rois[bs_idx, :num_boxes, :] = pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_boxes'] roi_scores[bs_idx, :num_boxes] = pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_scores'] roi_labels[bs_idx, :num_boxes] = pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_labels'] return rois, roi_scores, roi_labels def forward(self, data_dict): spatial_features_2d = data_dict['spatial_features_2d'] x = self.shared_conv(spatial_features_2d) pred_dicts = [] for head in self.heads_list: pred_dicts.append(head(x)) if self.training: target_dict = self.assign_targets( data_dict['gt_boxes'], feature_map_size=spatial_features_2d.size()[2:], feature_map_stride=data_dict.get('spatial_features_2d_strides', None) ) self.forward_ret_dict['target_dicts'] = target_dict self.forward_ret_dict['pred_dicts'] = pred_dicts if not self.training or self.predict_boxes_when_training: pred_dicts = self.generate_predicted_boxes( data_dict['batch_size'], pred_dicts ) if self.predict_boxes_when_training: rois, roi_scores, roi_labels = self.reorder_rois_for_refining(data_dict['batch_size'], pred_dicts) data_dict['rois'] = rois data_dict['roi_scores'] = roi_scores data_dict['roi_labels'] = roi_labels data_dict['has_class_labels'] = True else: data_dict['final_box_dicts'] = pred_dicts return data_dict

✅ 配套 cfg 里你要加的字段(对应这个修改)

在你的 DENSE_HEAD 里加入:

yaml
CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: [ ['Bird', 'Kite'], ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Balloon'] ] TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG: FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 4 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.1 MIN_RADIUS: 2 DENSE_REG: 1 TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD: - FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 4 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.35 MIN_RADIUS: 1 - FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 4 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.10 MIN_RADIUS: 2

并且你的 SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG.HEAD_DICT 加上 iou(你这份代码原生支持):

yaml
SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG: HEAD_ORDER: ['center', 'center_z', 'dim', 'rot'] HEAD_DICT: { 'center': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2}, 'center_z': {'out_channels': 1, 'num_conv': 2}, 'dim': {'out_channels': 3, 'num_conv': 2}, 'rot': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2}, 'iou': {'out_channels': 1, 'num_conv': 2} } IOU_REG_LOSS: True POST_PROCESSING: USE_IOU_TO_RECTIFY_SCORE: True IOU_RECTIFIER: [0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.30, 0.70]

你说“我看你修改后的不对”,最常见的 2 个原因

  1. 你 backbone stride 已经改为 4,但 cfg 里 FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE 还写 8
    → 会导致热力图中心与 GT 对不上,mAP 会崩。

  2. 你加了 per-head cfg,但 CenterHead 没支持 list cfg
    → 这就是我上面给你改 assign_targets 的原因。


如果你把你当前的 VoxelResBackBone8x 贴出来(或者告诉我你用的是哪个 spconv backbone 文件/类名),我也可以把 VoxelResBackBone4x 给你写成完全和你版本一致的实现(避免 stride、Z 压缩、HeightCompression 通道不对导致的 shape error)。

Câu hỏi

现在代码结果全是0怎么办

Suy nghĩ

Troubleshooting zero results in processing

User mentions all results being 0 after modifications. It could be due to mismatched strides or incorrect decoding. I need to check things like the feature map stride and target assignment settings. Another possibility could be filtering issues due to a small NMS threshold. I'll focus on refining these areas.

Analyzing configuration and potential mismatches

I've noticed that the post-center limits might extend beyond the range, but that's probably not causing the issue. A bigger question is whether the stride configurations and class mappings are correctly aligned, especially since the class mapping might be mismatched. Also, checking if the stride value is properly set and propagated correctly is necessary. I'll dig in further.

Investigating label mapping and potential bugs

The IOU loss is working fine, but there could be issues with how labels are handled. In the original code, modifying cur_gt_boxes without cloning could affect the data for other heads. I'll verify that the mappings are correct, especially with respect to the class order and labels in the configuration.

Verifying label mapping and stride consistency

The label mapping seems correct—pred_labels match with the expected class indices (Bird -> 0, Kite -> 1). However, there’s still an issue with how the stride is handled. If the stride changes, self.feature_map_stride needs to be updated accordingly to ensure that the decoding and IOU loss calculations are using the correct stride.

Investigating zero results and stride mismatch

The issue of all results being 0 could stem from either filtering due to the post-center limit range or score threshold, or from incorrect stride configuration. It seems like self.feature_map_stride wasn’t updated to match the actual BEV stride. I'll check and confirm if this mismatch is the cause, as well as verify post-processing settings. The NMS threshold might also be too stringent.

Explaining potential causes of zero metrics in evaluation

The metrics being zero could indicate a label mismatch, such as using KITTI evaluation metrics with a custom dataset. Possible reasons include stride mismatch, incorrect head grouping, improper parsing of per-head assigner config, or IOU_RECTIFIER length issues. I'd suggest adjusting runtime stride and ensuring FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE is set to 4, along with verifying coordinate limits and shapes.

Debugging zero predictions issue

It seems like the POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE and point_cloud_range might be mismatched, causing coordinates to be filtered or ignored. If decoding gives negative x, it could be discarded. I'd suggest matching the POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE exactly to point_cloud_range to handle mismatches and check the predicted boxes’ count before and after filtering. Also, ensure training targets are correctly assigned.

Ensuring consistent stride usage and correct class mapping

The issue could stem from the inconsistent stride handling during predictions and IOU losses, as the decode step relies on self.feature_map_stride set at initialization. To fix this, make sure all strides align: backbone, HeightCompression, BEV backbone, and CenterHead all need to use the same stride. Also, check if class names match exactly across your dataset.

Identifying possible class label mismatches and backbone issues

The mismatch could be due to case sensitivity, where 'Bird' in one place and 'bird' in another causes the filter to exclude it, resulting in no assignment. Additionally, if the backbone is malfunctioning, it may lead to empty features, and this is worth checking when evaluating the results.

Fixing issues with redundant sigmoid and debugging predictions

It looks like the main issue is that sigmoid is applied twice to pred_dict['hm'], once in get_loss and again in generate_predicted_boxes. This likely shrinks values below the detection threshold. I'll ensure the sigmoid is only applied once to avoid shrinking scores and confirm predictions. Also, adjusting SCORE_THRESH temporarily should help debug.

Analyzing potential cause for 0 predictions

It seems that the IOU head initialization might be affecting predictions, as it could produce negative values or zeros, especially if the IOU head is untrained. The rectifier applied later might help, but if the IOU predictions are negative, it may clamp all results to zero. I'll check the settings further and make sure the decoding sequence is properly handling the IOU values.

Evaluating IOU head impact on predictions

The issue with "all 0" results likely stems from the IOU head, especially when it's untrained or mismatched with older weights. When using the IOU for scoring, negative values can skew predictions, and using a sigmoid on the IOU might correct this. I'll propose changes to deactivate IOU usage during evaluation and adjust the scoring function for inference.

Addressing potential issues with IOU, stride, and targets

The issue might stem from mismatched strides, bugs involving the IOU head, or incorrect label mappings. I’ll suggest debugging steps:

  1. Check the logs for predictions.
  2. Ensure stride and IOU are handled correctly.
  3. Fix assign_targets to reflect the correct stride configuration, removing unnecessary overrides from runtime_stride. Adjust the evaluation setup to ensure proper thresholds and class mappings are used.

Thought for 2m 5s

Trả lời

你这个“结果全是 0”,在你这套 CenterHead + 新增 iou head + stride=4 改动里,最常见就两类原因(基本都能把预测框直接“杀光”):

  1. feature_map_stride 不一致(8/4 对不上) → decode 出来的框中心坐标尺度错,直接被 post_center_limit_range 过滤掉,最终一个框都没有。
  2. iou head 输出是无界的,但你现在在 generate_predicted_boxes 里用的是 batch_iou = (pred_iou + 1)*0.5(隐含假设 iou 输出在 [-1,1]),实际卷积输出可能远小于 -1 → iou 变成负数,很多实现会在 decode/topK 或 score_thresh 里导致候选全没了(尤其你又开了 USE_IOU_TO_RECTIFY_SCORE 时更容易“全灭”)。

下面我给你一个最稳的修复版

  • 动态同步 stride(用运行时 spatial_features_2d_strides,没有就用 cfg)
  • iou 只在推理 decode 时做 sigmoid(保证 0~1,不会负)
  • assign_targets 不再用 runtime stride 强行覆盖(避免你某处 stride key 写错导致训练 target 全偏)

1) 直接给你“可替换”的修改点(在你这份 center_head.py 基础上改)

1.1 在 forward() 开头同步 self.feature_map_stride

把下面这段插到 forward() 里,紧跟着:

python
spatial_features_2d = data_dict['spatial_features_2d']

插入:

python
# --------- 关键:动态同步 feature_map_stride,避免 4/8 不一致导致预测全被过滤 ---------- runtime_stride = data_dict.get('spatial_features_2d_strides', None) if runtime_stride is None: runtime_stride = data_dict.get('spatial_features_stride', None) # 有的版本用这个键 if runtime_stride is not None: if isinstance(runtime_stride, (list, tuple)): runtime_stride = runtime_stride[0] if torch.is_tensor(runtime_stride): runtime_stride = runtime_stride.item() self.feature_map_stride = int(runtime_stride)

这一步非常关键:不管你 cfg 写没写对,只要 backbone/BEV 输出 stride=4,decode 就会用 4,不会“全过滤”。


1.2 在 generate_predicted_boxes() 里,把 iou 的线性映射改成 sigmoid(只影响推理/解码)

找到你原来的这行:

python
batch_iou = (pred_dict['iou'] + 1) * 0.5 if 'iou' in pred_dict else None

改成:

python
# iou head 输出无界,直接线性映射很容易产生 <0,导致 decode/阈值阶段全灭 batch_iou = torch.sigmoid(pred_dict['iou']) if 'iou' in pred_dict else None

这一步能立刻解决“加了 iou head 以后,一个框都没有”的高频问题。


1.3 你的 assign_targets():不要用 runtime_stride 覆盖(否则你某个 key 一旦错,训练 target 全偏)

你现在我之前给你的版本里有 runtime_stride 覆盖逻辑。建议你先去掉,让它完全使用 cfg 里每 head 的 stride(你现在明确想用 4)。

也就是把我之前 patch 里这段(如果你已经加过)删掉/注释掉:

python
runtime_stride = kwargs.get('feature_map_stride', None) ... if runtime_stride is not None: cur_feature_map_stride = runtime_stride

保持只用:

python
cur_feature_map_stride = _get_cfg_value(cur_cfg, 'FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE', target_assigner_cfg.FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE)

2) 你现在必须核对 3 个地方都等于 4(不然很容易全 0)

2.1 cfg 里

yaml
DENSE_HEAD: TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG: FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 4

2.2 你的 stride=4 backbone 输出(你写的 VoxelResBackBone4x)里

python
batch_dict['encoded_spconv_tensor_stride'] = 4

2.3 BEV / map_to_bev 之后是否把 stride 传到了 batch_dict

不同 OpenPCDet 版本键名不一样,你的 CenterHead forward 里传的是:

python
data_dict.get('spatial_features_2d_strides', None)

如果你的版本根本没这个 key,那么就靠我上面加的 fallback:

python
data_dict.get('spatial_features_stride', None)

或者干脆就用 cfg 的 4。


3) “最快定位”是不是 decode 被过滤:临时加 2 行 debug(只用来定位,不是调参)

generate_predicted_boxes() 里,NMS 前加:

python
if head_idx == 0: print('DEBUG head0 pre-nms num:', final_dict['pred_boxes'].shape[0], 'score min/max:', final_dict['pred_scores'].min().item() if final_dict['pred_scores'].numel() else -1, final_dict['pred_scores'].max().item() if final_dict['pred_scores'].numel() else -1)
  • 如果这里 num 就是 0:说明 decode 阶段就没出框(基本就是 stride 或 iou 导致 topK/阈值全灭)。
  • 如果这里有框,但最终输出 0:就是 NMS/后处理/label mapping 的问题。

4) 一个很现实的坑:你用旧 checkpoint 直接测新结构,也会“看起来全 0”

你如果 加载的是原来没有 iou head、也不是 stride=4 backbone 的 ckpt,那么:

  • 新加的 iou head 权重是随机的
  • stride=4 backbone 权重也对不上

这时就算不报错,也很容易输出质量极差甚至被阈值全过滤
建议你至少先:

  • 关掉 USE_IOU_TO_RECTIFY_SCORE 跑一次验证“能不能出框”
  • 或者直接从头训练 / 仅加载兼容部分(OpenPCDet 常用 strict=False)

你现在先做这两步,99%能从“全 0”救回来

  1. 按我上面把 forward() 同步 stride + generate_predicted_boxes() iou sigmoid 改掉
  2. 确认 cfg 的 FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE=4,并且 backbone 里 encoded_spconv_tensor_stride=4

如果你改完还是全 0:把你验证时终端里 “加载 ckpt 的 missing/unexpected keys 提示” 和我上面那行 debug 打印结果贴出来(尤其是 pre-nms num 和 score min/max),我可以直接告诉你是 stride、iou、还是后处理哪一步在清空候选。

Câu hỏi

我现在给你bev用的代码:import torch.nn as nn

class HeightCompression(nn.Module):
def init(self, model_cfg, **kwargs):
super().init()
self.model_cfg = model_cfg
self.num_bev_features = self.model_cfg.NUM_BEV_FEATURES

text
def forward(self, batch_dict): """ Args: batch_dict: encoded_spconv_tensor: sparse tensor Returns: batch_dict: spatial_features: """ encoded_spconv_tensor = batch_dict['encoded_spconv_tensor'] spatial_features = encoded_spconv_tensor.dense() N, C, D, H, W = spatial_features.shape spatial_features = spatial_features.view(N, C * D, H, W) batch_dict['spatial_features'] = spatial_features batch_dict['spatial_features_stride'] = batch_dict['encoded_spconv_tensor_stride'] return batch_dict

现在你需要给我完整的center_head.py,因为你让我改来改去,我已经改乱了,如何定位地代码你也可以一并加入

Suy nghĩ

Addressing stride mismatch logic and adjustments

To prevent mismatch issues, I'll ensure that the runtime stride is used if provided, while avoiding overriding the per-head stride. I'll add a warning if they don't match. For debugging, I’ll incorporate model debugging flags and print shape and prediction details. I’ll adjust the assign_targets and make benefit from the flexibility in handling spatial stride data.

Adjusting loss, predictions, and debugging

I need to fix the get_loss function for batch box predictions. For generate_predicted_boxes, I'll ensure proper handling of IO

Thought for 16s

Trả lời

下面给你一份**“可直接整文件替换”的 center_head.py 完整版本**(基于你贴的原始代码风格),并且我把定位用的 Debug 输出也一并加进去了,避免你再“改乱”。

这份文件做了这些事(都为了解决你现在“全 0”):

  • 动态同步 stride:从 data_dict['spatial_features_stride'](你 HeightCompression 已经写了)同步到 self.feature_map_stride,避免 stride=4/8 不一致导致 decode 出来的框全被过滤。
  • IoU head 推理改用 sigmoid:避免 (x+1)*0.5 导致大量负值/异常,进而候选框“全灭”。
  • 支持 TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD:每个 head 可用不同 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP/MIN_RADIUS/NUM_MAX_OBJS
  • 修复变量覆盖 bug:原代码外层 idx + 内层 idx 覆盖,虽然不一定致命,但会带来隐蔽问题。
  • Debug 定位输出:开关可控(cfg 或环境变量),会打印 stride、heatmap 最大值、decode 出来的候选数量、分数范围等,快速判断是“decode 阶段全没了”还是“NMS/阈值清空”。

✅ 1)把下面代码保存为:pcdet/models/dense_heads/center_head.py(整文件替换)

python
import os import copy import numpy as np import torch import torch.nn as nn from torch.nn.init import kaiming_normal_ from functools import partial from ..model_utils import model_nms_utils from ..model_utils import centernet_utils from ...utils import loss_utils class SeparateHead(nn.Module): def __init__(self, input_channels, sep_head_dict, init_bias=-2.19, use_bias=False, norm_func=None): super().__init__() self.sep_head_dict = sep_head_dict for cur_name in self.sep_head_dict: output_channels = self.sep_head_dict[cur_name]['out_channels'] num_conv = self.sep_head_dict[cur_name]['num_conv'] fc_list = [] for k in range(num_conv - 1): fc_list.append(nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(input_channels, input_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=use_bias), nn.BatchNorm2d(input_channels) if norm_func is None else norm_func(input_channels), nn.ReLU() )) fc_list.append(nn.Conv2d(input_channels, output_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=True)) fc = nn.Sequential(*fc_list) if 'hm' in cur_name: fc[-1].bias.data.fill_(init_bias) else: for m in fc.modules(): if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d): kaiming_normal_(m.weight.data) if hasattr(m, "bias") and m.bias is not None: nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0) self.__setattr__(cur_name, fc) def forward(self, x): ret_dict = {} for cur_name in self.sep_head_dict: ret_dict[cur_name] = self.__getattr__(cur_name)(x) return ret_dict class CenterHead(nn.Module): def __init__(self, model_cfg, input_channels, num_class, class_names, grid_size, point_cloud_range, voxel_size, predict_boxes_when_training=True): super().__init__() self.model_cfg = model_cfg self.num_class = num_class self.grid_size = grid_size self.point_cloud_range = point_cloud_range self.voxel_size = voxel_size # 默认 stride 来自 cfg;但 forward 会用 data_dict['spatial_features_stride'] 动态同步 self.feature_map_stride = self.model_cfg.TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG.get('FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE', None) self.class_names = class_names self.class_names_each_head = [] self.class_id_mapping_each_head = [] # Debug 开关:cfg 里写 DEBUG_CENTERHEAD: True 或者环境变量 PCDET_DEBUG_CENTERHEAD=1 self.debug = bool(self.model_cfg.get('DEBUG_CENTERHEAD', False)) or (os.environ.get('PCDET_DEBUG_CENTERHEAD', '0') == '1') self._debug_printed_once = False for cur_class_names in self.model_cfg.CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: self.class_names_each_head.append([x for x in cur_class_names if x in class_names]) cur_class_id_mapping = torch.from_numpy(np.array( [self.class_names.index(x) for x in cur_class_names if x in class_names] )).cuda() self.class_id_mapping_each_head.append(cur_class_id_mapping) total_classes = sum([len(x) for x in self.class_names_each_head]) assert total_classes == len(self.class_names), f'class_names_each_head={self.class_names_each_head}' norm_func = partial( nn.BatchNorm2d, eps=self.model_cfg.get('BN_EPS', 1e-5), momentum=self.model_cfg.get('BN_MOM', 0.1) ) self.shared_conv = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d( input_channels, self.model_cfg.SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL, 3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=self.model_cfg.get('USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM', False) ), norm_func(self.model_cfg.SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL), nn.ReLU(), ) self.heads_list = nn.ModuleList() self.separate_head_cfg = self.model_cfg.SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG for head_idx, cur_class_names in enumerate(self.class_names_each_head): cur_head_dict = copy.deepcopy(self.separate_head_cfg.HEAD_DICT) cur_head_dict['hm'] = dict(out_channels=len(cur_class_names), num_conv=self.model_cfg.NUM_HM_CONV) self.heads_list.append( SeparateHead( input_channels=self.model_cfg.SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL, sep_head_dict=cur_head_dict, init_bias=-2.19, use_bias=self.model_cfg.get('USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM', False), norm_func=norm_func ) ) self.predict_boxes_when_training = predict_boxes_when_training self.forward_ret_dict = {} self.build_losses() def _dbg(self, msg: str): if not self.debug: return # 控制一下打印频率:每次 forward 都会跑,这里只在第一次打印“结构信息” if not self._debug_printed_once: print(f"[CenterHead-DEBUG] {msg}") else: # 训练中也可以适量打印,不想太吵可以注释掉 print(f"[CenterHead-DEBUG] {msg}") def build_losses(self): from ...utils import loss_utils as loss_utils_pkg self.add_module('hm_loss_func', loss_utils_pkg.FocalLossCenterNet()) self.add_module('reg_loss_func', loss_utils_pkg.RegLossCenterNet()) def assign_target_of_single_head( self, num_classes, gt_boxes, feature_map_size, feature_map_stride, num_max_objs=500, gaussian_overlap=0.1, min_radius=2 ): heatmap = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_classes, feature_map_size[1], feature_map_size[0]) ret_boxes = gt_boxes.new_zeros((num_max_objs, gt_boxes.shape[-1] - 1 + 1)) inds = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_max_objs).long() mask = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_max_objs).long() ret_boxes_src = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_max_objs, gt_boxes.shape[-1]) ret_boxes_src[:gt_boxes.shape[0]] = gt_boxes x, y, z = gt_boxes[:, 0], gt_boxes[:, 1], gt_boxes[:, 2] coord_x = (x - self.point_cloud_range[0]) / self.voxel_size[0] / feature_map_stride coord_y = (y - self.point_cloud_range[1]) / self.voxel_size[1] / feature_map_stride coord_x = torch.clamp(coord_x, min=0, max=feature_map_size[0] - 0.5) coord_y = torch.clamp(coord_y, min=0, max=feature_map_size[1] - 0.5) center = torch.cat((coord_x[:, None], coord_y[:, None]), dim=-1) center_int = center.int() center_int_float = center_int.float() dx, dy, dz = gt_boxes[:, 3], gt_boxes[:, 4], gt_boxes[:, 5] dx = dx / self.voxel_size[0] / feature_map_stride dy = dy / self.voxel_size[1] / feature_map_stride radius = centernet_utils.gaussian_radius(dx, dy, min_overlap=gaussian_overlap) radius = torch.clamp_min(radius.int(), min=min_radius) for k in range(min(num_max_objs, gt_boxes.shape[0])): if dx[k] <= 0 or dy[k] <= 0: continue if not (0 <= center_int[k][0] <= feature_map_size[0] and 0 <= center_int[k][1] <= feature_map_size[1]): continue cur_class_id = (gt_boxes[k, -1] - 1).long() centernet_utils.draw_gaussian_to_heatmap(heatmap[cur_class_id], center[k], radius[k].item()) inds[k] = center_int[k, 1] * feature_map_size[0] + center_int[k, 0] mask[k] = 1 ret_boxes[k, 0:2] = center[k] - center_int_float[k].float() ret_boxes[k, 2] = z[k] ret_boxes[k, 3:6] = gt_boxes[k, 3:6].log() ret_boxes[k, 6] = torch.cos(gt_boxes[k, 6]) ret_boxes[k, 7] = torch.sin(gt_boxes[k, 6]) if gt_boxes.shape[1] > 8: ret_boxes[k, 8:] = gt_boxes[k, 7:-1] return heatmap, ret_boxes, inds, mask, ret_boxes_src def assign_targets(self, gt_boxes, feature_map_size=None, **kwargs): """ 支持: - TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG(全局默认) - TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD(每个 head 一套) """ feature_map_size = feature_map_size[::-1] # [H, W] ==> [x, y] default_cfg = self.model_cfg.TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG each_head_cfg = self.model_cfg.get('TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD', None) if each_head_cfg is not None: assert len(each_head_cfg) == len(self.class_names_each_head), \ f"TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD length {len(each_head_cfg)} != num_heads {len(self.class_names_each_head)}" def _get(cfg, key, default_val): if cfg is None: return default_val if isinstance(cfg, dict): return cfg.get(key, default_val) return getattr(cfg, key, default_val) batch_size = gt_boxes.shape[0] ret_dict = { 'heatmaps': [], 'target_boxes': [], 'inds': [], 'masks': [], 'heatmap_masks': [], 'target_boxes_src': [], } all_names = np.array(['bg', *self.class_names]) for head_idx, cur_class_names in enumerate(self.class_names_each_head): cur_cfg = each_head_cfg[head_idx] if each_head_cfg is not None else default_cfg cur_feature_map_stride = _get(cur_cfg, 'FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE', default_cfg.FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE) cur_num_max_objs = _get(cur_cfg, 'NUM_MAX_OBJS', default_cfg.NUM_MAX_OBJS) cur_gaussian_overlap = _get(cur_cfg, 'GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP', default_cfg.GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP) cur_min_radius = _get(cur_cfg, 'MIN_RADIUS', default_cfg.MIN_RADIUS) heatmap_list, target_boxes_list, inds_list, masks_list, target_boxes_src_list = [], [], [], [], [] for bs_idx in range(batch_size): cur_gt_boxes = gt_boxes[bs_idx] gt_class_names = all_names[cur_gt_boxes[:, -1].cpu().long().numpy()] gt_boxes_single_head = [] for gt_idx, name in enumerate(gt_class_names): # 修复:不要复用 idx if name not in cur_class_names: continue temp_box = cur_gt_boxes[gt_idx].clone() temp_box[-1] = cur_class_names.index(name) + 1 gt_boxes_single_head.append(temp_box[None, :]) if len(gt_boxes_single_head) == 0: gt_boxes_single_head = cur_gt_boxes[:0, :] else: gt_boxes_single_head = torch.cat(gt_boxes_single_head, dim=0) heatmap, ret_boxes, inds, mask, ret_boxes_src = self.assign_target_of_single_head( num_classes=len(cur_class_names), gt_boxes=gt_boxes_single_head.cpu(), feature_map_size=feature_map_size, feature_map_stride=cur_feature_map_stride, num_max_objs=cur_num_max_objs, gaussian_overlap=cur_gaussian_overlap, min_radius=cur_min_radius, ) heatmap_list.append(heatmap.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) target_boxes_list.append(ret_boxes.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) inds_list.append(inds.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) masks_list.append(mask.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) target_boxes_src_list.append(ret_boxes_src.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) ret_dict['heatmaps'].append(torch.stack(heatmap_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['target_boxes'].append(torch.stack(target_boxes_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['inds'].append(torch.stack(inds_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['masks'].append(torch.stack(masks_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['target_boxes_src'].append(torch.stack(target_boxes_src_list, dim=0)) return ret_dict def sigmoid(self, x): return torch.clamp(x.sigmoid(), min=1e-4, max=1 - 1e-4) def get_loss(self): pred_dicts = self.forward_ret_dict['pred_dicts'] target_dicts = self.forward_ret_dict['target_dicts'] tb_dict = {} loss = 0 for head_idx, pred_dict in enumerate(pred_dicts): pred_dict['hm'] = self.sigmoid(pred_dict['hm']) hm_loss = self.hm_loss_func(pred_dict['hm'], target_dicts['heatmaps'][head_idx]) hm_loss *= self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['cls_weight'] target_boxes = target_dicts['target_boxes'][head_idx] pred_boxes = torch.cat([pred_dict[name] for name in self.separate_head_cfg.HEAD_ORDER], dim=1) reg_loss = self.reg_loss_func( pred_boxes, target_dicts['masks'][head_idx], target_dicts['inds'][head_idx], target_boxes ) loc_loss = (reg_loss * reg_loss.new_tensor(self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['code_weights'])).sum() loc_loss = loc_loss * self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['loc_weight'] loss += hm_loss + loc_loss tb_dict[f'hm_loss_head_{head_idx}'] = hm_loss.item() tb_dict[f'loc_loss_head_{head_idx}'] = loc_loss.item() if ('iou' in pred_dict) or self.model_cfg.get('IOU_REG_LOSS', False): batch_box_preds = centernet_utils.decode_bbox_from_pred_dicts( pred_dict=pred_dict, point_cloud_range=self.point_cloud_range, voxel_size=self.voxel_size, feature_map_stride=self.feature_map_stride ) batch_box_preds_for_iou = batch_box_preds.permute(0, 3, 1, 2).contiguous() if 'iou' in pred_dict: iou_loss = loss_utils.calculate_iou_loss_centerhead( iou_preds=pred_dict['iou'], batch_box_preds=batch_box_preds_for_iou.clone().detach(), mask=target_dicts['masks'][head_idx], ind=target_dicts['inds'][head_idx], gt_boxes=target_dicts['target_boxes_src'][head_idx] ) loss += iou_loss tb_dict[f'iou_loss_head_{head_idx}'] = iou_loss.item() if self.model_cfg.get('IOU_REG_LOSS', False): iou_reg_loss = loss_utils.calculate_iou_reg_loss_centerhead( batch_box_preds=batch_box_preds_for_iou, mask=target_dicts['masks'][head_idx], ind=target_dicts['inds'][head_idx], gt_boxes=target_dicts['target_boxes_src'][head_idx] ) if target_dicts['masks'][head_idx].sum().item() != 0: iou_reg_loss = iou_reg_loss * self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['loc_weight'] loss += iou_reg_loss tb_dict[f'iou_reg_loss_head_{head_idx}'] = iou_reg_loss.item() else: loss += (batch_box_preds_for_iou * 0.).sum() tb_dict[f'iou_reg_loss_head_{head_idx}'] = (batch_box_preds_for_iou * 0.).sum() tb_dict['rpn_loss'] = loss.item() return loss, tb_dict def generate_predicted_boxes(self, batch_size, pred_dicts): post_cfg = self.model_cfg.POST_PROCESSING post_center_limit_range = torch.tensor(post_cfg.POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE).cuda().float() ret_dict = [{ 'pred_boxes': [], 'pred_scores': [], 'pred_labels': [], } for _ in range(batch_size)] for head_idx, pred_dict in enumerate(pred_dicts): batch_hm = pred_dict['hm'].sigmoid() batch_center = pred_dict['center'] batch_center_z = pred_dict['center_z'] batch_dim = pred_dict['dim'].exp() batch_rot_cos = pred_dict['rot'][:, 0].unsqueeze(dim=1) batch_rot_sin = pred_dict['rot'][:, 1].unsqueeze(dim=1) batch_vel = pred_dict['vel'] if 'vel' in self.separate_head_cfg.HEAD_ORDER else None # 关键修复:iou head 用 sigmoid,避免 (x+1)*0.5 导致大量负值/异常,候选全灭 batch_iou = torch.sigmoid(pred_dict['iou']) if 'iou' in pred_dict else None final_pred_dicts = centernet_utils.decode_bbox_from_heatmap( heatmap=batch_hm, rot_cos=batch_rot_cos, rot_sin=batch_rot_sin, center=batch_center, center_z=batch_center_z, dim=batch_dim, vel=batch_vel, iou=batch_iou, point_cloud_range=self.point_cloud_range, voxel_size=self.voxel_size, feature_map_stride=self.feature_map_stride, K=post_cfg.MAX_OBJ_PER_SAMPLE, circle_nms=(post_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.NMS_TYPE == 'circle_nms'), score_thresh=post_cfg.SCORE_THRESH, post_center_limit_range=post_center_limit_range ) # Debug:看 decode 阶段是否已经 0 if self.debug and (not self._debug_printed_once): try: hm_max = float(batch_hm.max().item()) if batch_hm.numel() else -1 self._dbg(f"stride={self.feature_map_stride}, hm_max={hm_max}, " f"pred_has_iou={'iou' in pred_dict}, " f"spatial K={post_cfg.MAX_OBJ_PER_SAMPLE}, score_thresh={post_cfg.SCORE_THRESH}") except Exception: pass for bs_i, final_dict in enumerate(final_pred_dicts): final_dict['pred_labels'] = self.class_id_mapping_each_head[head_idx][final_dict['pred_labels'].long()] # 质量重打分 if post_cfg.get('USE_IOU_TO_RECTIFY_SCORE', False) and 'pred_iou' in final_dict: pred_iou = torch.clamp(final_dict['pred_iou'], min=0.0, max=1.0) IOU_RECTIFIER = final_dict['pred_scores'].new_tensor(post_cfg.IOU_RECTIFIER) final_dict['pred_scores'] = torch.pow( final_dict['pred_scores'], 1 - IOU_RECTIFIER[final_dict['pred_labels']] ) * torch.pow( pred_iou, IOU_RECTIFIER[final_dict['pred_labels']] ) # Debug:decode 后候选数量/分数范围 if self.debug: n_pre = int(final_dict['pred_boxes'].shape[0]) if n_pre == 0: self._dbg(f"[head{head_idx} bs{bs_i}] decode=0 (可能 stride/阈值/center_limit_range 过滤)") else: smin = float(final_dict['pred_scores'].min().item()) smax = float(final_dict['pred_scores'].max().item()) self._dbg(f"[head{head_idx} bs{bs_i}] decode={n_pre}, score[min,max]=[{smin:.4f},{smax:.4f}]") # NMS if post_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.NMS_TYPE not in ['circle_nms', 'class_specific_nms']: selected, selected_scores = model_nms_utils.class_agnostic_nms( box_scores=final_dict['pred_scores'], box_preds=final_dict['pred_boxes'], nms_config=post_cfg.NMS_CONFIG, score_thresh=None ) elif post_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.NMS_TYPE == 'class_specific_nms': selected, selected_scores = model_nms_utils.class_specific_nms( box_scores=final_dict['pred_scores'], box_preds=final_dict['pred_boxes'], box_labels=final_dict['pred_labels'], nms_config=post_cfg.NMS_CONFIG, score_thresh=post_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.get('SCORE_THRESH', None) ) else: raise NotImplementedError final_dict['pred_boxes'] = final_dict['pred_boxes'][selected] final_dict['pred_scores'] = selected_scores final_dict['pred_labels'] = final_dict['pred_labels'][selected] ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_boxes'].append(final_dict['pred_boxes']) ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_scores'].append(final_dict['pred_scores']) ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_labels'].append(final_dict['pred_labels']) for bs_i in range(batch_size): ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_boxes'] = torch.cat(ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_boxes'], dim=0) if len(ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_boxes']) else torch.empty((0, 7), device='cuda') ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_scores'] = torch.cat(ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_scores'], dim=0) if len(ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_scores']) else torch.empty((0,), device='cuda') ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_labels'] = torch.cat(ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_labels'], dim=0).long() + 1 if len(ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_labels']) else torch.empty((0,), dtype=torch.long, device='cuda') # 只打印一次“结构信息” self._debug_printed_once = True return ret_dict @staticmethod def reorder_rois_for_refining(batch_size, pred_dicts): num_max_rois = max([len(cur_dict['pred_boxes']) for cur_dict in pred_dicts]) num_max_rois = max(1, num_max_rois) pred_boxes = pred_dicts[0]['pred_boxes'] rois = pred_boxes.new_zeros((batch_size, num_max_rois, pred_boxes.shape[-1])) roi_scores = pred_boxes.new_zeros((batch_size, num_max_rois)) roi_labels = pred_boxes.new_zeros((batch_size, num_max_rois)).long() for bs_idx in range(batch_size): num_boxes = len(pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_boxes']) rois[bs_idx, :num_boxes, :] = pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_boxes'] roi_scores[bs_idx, :num_boxes] = pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_scores'] roi_labels[bs_idx, :num_boxes] = pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_labels'] return rois, roi_scores, roi_labels def forward(self, data_dict): # 关键:与你的 HeightCompression 对齐(它写了 spatial_features_stride) runtime_stride = data_dict.get('spatial_features_stride', None) if runtime_stride is not None: if torch.is_tensor(runtime_stride): runtime_stride = runtime_stride.item() self.feature_map_stride = int(runtime_stride) spatial_features_2d = data_dict['spatial_features_2d'] if self.debug and (not self._debug_printed_once): self._dbg(f"spatial_features_2d shape={tuple(spatial_features_2d.shape)}, runtime_stride={self.feature_map_stride}") x = self.shared_conv(spatial_features_2d) pred_dicts = [] for head in self.heads_list: pred_dicts.append(head(x)) if self.training: target_dict = self.assign_targets( data_dict['gt_boxes'], feature_map_size=spatial_features_2d.size()[2:], ) self.forward_ret_dict['target_dicts'] = target_dict self.forward_ret_dict['pred_dicts'] = pred_dicts if not self.training or self.predict_boxes_when_training: final_box_dicts = self.generate_predicted_boxes( data_dict['batch_size'], pred_dicts ) if self.predict_boxes_when_training: rois, roi_scores, roi_labels = self.reorder_rois_for_refining(data_dict['batch_size'], final_box_dicts) data_dict['rois'] = rois data_dict['roi_scores'] = roi_scores data_dict['roi_labels'] = roi_labels data_dict['has_class_labels'] = True else: data_dict['final_box_dicts'] = final_box_dicts return data_dict

✅ 2)你现在的 BEV(HeightCompression)没问题,但要确保后面有 spatial_features_2d

你给的 HeightCompression 输出是:

  • batch_dict['spatial_features']
  • batch_dict['spatial_features_stride']

然后通常 BACKBONE_2D 会把 spatial_features 变成 spatial_features_2d
如果你某处改 backbone 导致没生成 spatial_features_2d,CenterHead 会直接崩。但你现在能跑出“全 0”,说明这条链路基本是通的。


✅ 3)如何用 Debug 快速定位“为什么全 0”(你现在就需要这个)

方法 A:cfg 里打开

在你的 DENSE_HEAD 里加:

yaml
DEBUG_CENTERHEAD: True

方法 B:命令行环境变量打开

bash
export PCDET_DEBUG_CENTERHEAD=1

打开后你会看到类似输出:

  • runtime_stride=4(如果这里不是 4,你 stride 同步就没成功)
  • hm_max=...(如果 hm_max 极小,比如接近 0,说明训练/加载权重有问题)
  • [head0 bs0] decode=0(如果 decode=0,说明 decode 阶段已经没框了,最常见是 stride/阈值/范围过滤)
  • decode=xxx score[min,max]=[...](如果 decode 有框但最终输出 0,就是 NMS/score rectify 清空)

✅ 4)你现在“全 0”的最常见直接原因(按概率排序)

  1. 你改了 stride=4 backbone,但 cfg 里 FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE 还是 8
    • 我这版通过 spatial_features_stride 强行同步,能救 90%。
  2. iou head 输出做了 (x+1)*0.5 导致异常
    • 我这版改成 sigmoid,基本一刀解决“加 iou 后全灭”。
  3. 你用旧 ckpt 直接 eval 新结构(新增 iou head / stride=4 backbone)
    • 建议先临时把下面关掉验证“能出框”:
      yaml
      USE_IOU_TO_RECTIFY_SCORE: False
    • 能出框后再开回去(并且最好重新训练或至少 finetune)。

如果你把 Debug 打印的前 20 行贴出来(尤其是 runtime_stridehm_maxdecode=0/非0),我可以直接告诉你到底是哪一步在把候选清成 0。

Câu hỏi

我现在的代码结果很好,结果如下,84.01,74.722,49,93.94,36.97,58.93,99.91,83.86,我的配置文件如下:#CLASS_NAMES: ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Kite', 'Balloon', 'Bird']

#DATA_CONFIG:

BASE_CONFIG: /media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/tools/cfgs/dataset_configs/custom_dataset.yaml

POINT_CLOUD_RANGE: [0, -20, -2, 160, 20, 6]

INFO_PATH: {

'train': [ custom_infos_train.pkl ],

'test': [ custom_infos_test.pkl ],

}

DATA_AUGMENTOR:

DISABLE_AUG_LIST: [ 'placeholder' ]

AUG_CONFIG_LIST:

- NAME: gt_sampling

# Notice that 'USE_ROAD_PLANE'

USE_ROAD_PLANE: False

DB_INFO_PATH:

- custom_dbinfos_train.pkl # pcdet/datasets/augmentor/database_ampler.py:line 26

PREPARE: {

filter_by_min_points: [ 'Drone:5', 'Plastic_sheet:5','Kite:5', 'Balloon:5','Bird:5' ], # 2.修改类别

# filter_by_difficulty: [-1], # 注释掉,防止训练报错

}

SAMPLE_GROUPS: [ 'Drone:15', 'Plastic_sheet:15', 'Kite:15', 'Balloon:15','Bird:15' ] # 3. 修改类别

NUM_POINT_FEATURES: 4

DATABASE_WITH_FAKELIDAR: False

REMOVE_EXTRA_WIDTH: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]

LIMIT_WHOLE_SCENE: True

- NAME: random_world_flip

ALONG_AXIS_LIST: ['x', 'y']

- NAME: random_world_rotation

WORLD_ROT_ANGLE: [-0.78539816, 0.78539816]

- NAME: random_world_scaling

WORLD_SCALE_RANGE: [0.9, 1.1]

- NAME: random_world_translation

NOISE_TRANSLATE_STD: [0.5, 0.5, 0.5]

DATA_PROCESSOR:

- NAME: mask_points_and_boxes_outside_range

REMOVE_OUTSIDE_BOXES: True

- NAME: shuffle_points

SHUFFLE_ENABLED: {

'train': True,

'test': True

}

- NAME: transform_points_to_voxels

VOXEL_SIZE: [0.1, 0.1, 0.2]

MAX_POINTS_PER_VOXEL: 10

MAX_NUMBER_OF_VOXELS: {

'train': 120000,

'test': 160000

}

#MODEL:

NAME: Cifu

VFE:

NAME: PDVMeanVFE

USE_XY_RANGE: True

DENSITY_LOG1P: True

RANGE_SCALE: 160.0 # 前向 160m,或者 120 之类

INTENSITY_IDX: 3 # xyzI 顺序

NUM_HIST_BINS: 8 # 可以先 8,看效果再增加

HIST_MIN: 0.0 # intensity 范围

HIST_MAX: 1.0 # 如果你的 intensity 已经归一化

BACKBONE_3D:

NAME: VoxelResBackBone8xVoxelNeXt

DENSE_HEAD:

NAME: VoxelNeXtHead

CLASS_AGNOSTIC: False

INPUT_FEATURES: 128

CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: [['Drone'], ['Plastic_sheet'], ['Kite'], ['Balloon'], ['Bird']]

SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL: 128

KERNEL_SIZE_HEAD: 1

USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM: True

NUM_HM_CONV: 2

SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG:

HEAD_ORDER: ['center', 'center_z', 'dim', 'rot']

HEAD_DICT: {

'center': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2},

'center_z': {'out_channels': 1, 'num_conv': 2},

'dim': {'out_channels': 3, 'num_conv': 2},

'rot': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2},

'vel': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2},

}

TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG:

FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 8

NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500

GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.1

MIN_RADIUS: 2

LOSS_CONFIG:

LOSS_WEIGHTS: {

'cls_weight': 1.0,

'loc_weight': 0.25,

'code_weights': [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0, 1.0]

'code_weights': [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.2, 0.2]

}

POST_PROCESSING:

SCORE_THRESH: 0.1

POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE: [-160, -61.2, -10.0, 160, 61.2, 10.0]

MAX_OBJ_PER_SAMPLE: 500

NMS_CONFIG:

NMS_TYPE: nms_gpu

NMS_THRESH: 0.2

NMS_PRE_MAXSIZE: 1000

NMS_POST_MAXSIZE: 83

POST_PROCESSING:

RECALL_THRESH_LIST: [0.3, 0.5, 0.7]

EVAL_METRIC: kitti

#OPTIMIZATION:

BATCH_SIZE_PER_GPU: 4

NUM_EPOCHS: 80

OPTIMIZER: adam_onecycle

LR: 0.001

WEIGHT_DECAY: 0.01

MOMENTUM: 0.9

MOMS: [0.95, 0.85]

PCT_START: 0.4

DIV_FACTOR: 10

DECAY_STEP_LIST: [35, 45]

LR_DECAY: 0.1

LR_CLIP: 0.0000001

LR_WARMUP: False

WARMUP_EPOCH: 1

GRAD_NORM_CLIP: 10

CLASS_NAMES: ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Kite', 'Balloon', 'Bird']

DATA_CONFIG:
BASE_CONFIG: /media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/tools/cfgs/dataset_configs/custom_dataset.yaml

MODEL:
NAME: Cifu

text
VFE: NAME: PDVMeanVFE USE_XY_RANGE: True DENSITY_LOG1P: True RANGE_SCALE: 160.0 INTENSITY_IDX: 3 NUM_HIST_BINS: 10 HIST_MIN: 0.0 HIST_MAX: 1.0 BACKBONE_3D: NAME: VoxelResBackBone4x # <<< 改这里(Step1) MAP_TO_BEV: NAME: HeightCompression NUM_BEV_FEATURES: 256 # 仍保持 256(我们 backbone 设计就是为了不破这个) BACKBONE_2D: NAME: BaseBEVBackbone LAYER_NUMS: [5, 5] LAYER_STRIDES: [1, 2] NUM_FILTERS: [128, 256] UPSAMPLE_STRIDES: [1, 2] NUM_UPSAMPLE_FILTERS: [256, 256] DENSE_HEAD: NAME: CenterHeads CLASS_AGNOSTIC: False # <<< 改这里:双 head(Tiny / Normal) CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: [ ['Bird', 'Kite'], ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Balloon'] ] SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL: 64 USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM: True NUM_HM_CONV: 2 SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG: # 注意:不要把 iou 放进 HEAD_ORDER(否则回归维度和 code_weights 会错) HEAD_ORDER: ['center', 'center_z', 'dim', 'rot'] HEAD_DICT: { 'center': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2}, 'center_z': {'out_channels': 1, 'num_conv': 2}, 'dim': {'out_channels': 3, 'num_conv': 2}, 'rot': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2}, # <<< 新增:IoU / quality 分支(Step4) 'iou': {'out_channels': 1, 'num_conv': 2} } # <<< 改这里:stride 8 -> 4 TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG: FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 4 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.1 MIN_RADIUS: 2 DENSE_REG: 1 # <<< 新增:每个 head 自己的 assigner(需要 Step3 的代码支持) TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD: - FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 4 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.35 # tiny:更“尖”的监督(更小 radius) MIN_RADIUS: 1 DENSE_REG: 1 - FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 4 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.10 # normal:保持你原本风格 MIN_RADIUS: 2 DENSE_REG: 1 # <<< 可选但建议:训练期加 IoU reg(不影响推理FPS) IOU_REG_LOSS: True LOSS_CONFIG: LOSS_WEIGHTS: { 'cls_weight': 1.0, 'loc_weight': 1.0, 'code_weights': [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] } POST_PROCESSING: SCORE_THRESH: 0.1 POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE: [-160, -75.2, -5.0, 160, 75.2, 8.0] MAX_OBJ_PER_SAMPLE: 500 # <<< 新增:用 iou 预测纠正 score(质量感知排序) USE_IOU_TO_RECTIFY_SCORE: True # 对应 CLASS_NAMES 顺序:Drone, Plastic_sheet, Kite, Balloon, Bird # alpha 越大,越依赖 iou(对 tiny 类一般设大点更稳) IOU_RECTIFIER: [0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.30, 0.70] NMS_CONFIG: MULTI_CLASSES_NMS: False NMS_TYPE: nms_gpu NMS_THRESH: 0.01 NMS_PRE_MAXSIZE: 4096 NMS_POST_MAXSIZE: 500 POST_PROCESSING: RECALL_THRESH_LIST: [0.3, 0.5, 0.7] OUTPUT_RAW_SCORE: False EVAL_METRIC: kitti

OPTIMIZATION:
BATCH_SIZE_PER_GPU: 4
NUM_EPOCHS: 80

text
OPTIMIZER: adam_onecycle LR: 0.01 WEIGHT_DECAY: 0.01 MOMENTUM: 0.9 MOMS: [0.95, 0.85] PCT_START: 0.4 DIV_FACTOR: 10 DECAY_STEP_LIST: [35, 45] LR_DECAY: 0.1 LR_CLIP: 0.0000001 LR_WARMUP: False WARMUP_EPOCH: 1 GRAD_NORM_CLIP: 35

我尝试了将[-160, -75.2, -5.0, 160, 75.2, 8.0]改为和我点云范围一样,但是效果很差,所以我还是使用这个默认值,现在我的问题是现在的模块改进和原始的centerpoint有什么区别,改进点是否是3个模块,LOSS还能改进吗,如果模块不够还能怎么改进呢,原始的配置文件如下:CLASS_NAMES: ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Kite', 'Balloon', 'Bird']

DATA_CONFIG:
BASE_CONFIG: /media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/tools/cfgs/dataset_configs/custom_dataset.yaml

MODEL:
NAME: CenterPoint

text
VFE: NAME: MeanVFE BACKBONE_3D: NAME: VoxelResBackBone8x MAP_TO_BEV: NAME: HeightCompression NUM_BEV_FEATURES: 256 BACKBONE_2D: NAME: BaseBEVBackbone LAYER_NUMS: [5, 5] LAYER_STRIDES: [1, 2] NUM_FILTERS: [128, 256] UPSAMPLE_STRIDES: [1, 2] NUM_UPSAMPLE_FILTERS: [256, 256] DENSE_HEAD: NAME: CenterHead CLASS_AGNOSTIC: False CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: [ ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Kite', 'Balloon', 'Bird'] ] SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL: 64 USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM: True # TODO NUM_HM_CONV: 2 # TODO SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG: HEAD_ORDER: ['center', 'center_z', 'dim', 'rot'] HEAD_DICT: { 'center': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2}, 'center_z': {'out_channels': 1, 'num_conv': 2}, 'dim': {'out_channels': 3, 'num_conv': 2}, 'rot': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2}, } TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG: FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 8 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.1 MIN_RADIUS: 2 DENSE_REG: 1 LOSS_CONFIG: LOSS_WEIGHTS: { 'cls_weight': 1.0, 'loc_weight': 1.0, 'code_weights': [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] } POST_PROCESSING: SCORE_THRESH: 0.1 POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE: [-75.2, -75.2, -5.0, 75.2, 75.2, 3.0] MAX_OBJ_PER_SAMPLE: 500 NMS_CONFIG: MULTI_CLASSES_NMS: False NMS_TYPE: nms_gpu NMS_THRESH: 0.01 NMS_PRE_MAXSIZE: 4096 NMS_POST_MAXSIZE: 500 POST_PROCESSING: RECALL_THRESH_LIST: [0.3, 0.5, 0.7] OUTPUT_RAW_SCORE: False EVAL_METRIC: kitti

OPTIMIZATION:
BATCH_SIZE_PER_GPU: 4
NUM_EPOCHS: 80

text
OPTIMIZER: adam_onecycle LR: 0.01 WEIGHT_DECAY: 0.01 MOMENTUM: 0.9 MOMS: [0.95, 0.85] PCT_START: 0.4 DIV_FACTOR: 10 DECAY_STEP_LIST: [35, 45] LR_DECAY: 0.1 LR_CLIP: 0.0000001 LR_WARMUP: False WARMUP_EPOCH: 1 GRAD_NORM_CLIP: 35

Câu hỏi

我现在的代码结果很好,结果如下,84.01,74.722,49,93.94,36.97,58.93,99.91,83.86,我的配置文件如下:#CLASS_NAMES: ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Kite', 'Balloon', 'Bird']

#DATA_CONFIG:

BASE_CONFIG: /media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/tools/cfgs/dataset_configs/custom_dataset.yaml

POINT_CLOUD_RANGE: [0, -20, -2, 160, 20, 6]

INFO_PATH: {

'train': [ custom_infos_train.pkl ],

'test': [ custom_infos_test.pkl ],

}

DATA_AUGMENTOR:

DISABLE_AUG_LIST: [ 'placeholder' ]

AUG_CONFIG_LIST:

- NAME: gt_sampling

# Notice that 'USE_ROAD_PLANE'

USE_ROAD_PLANE: False

DB_INFO_PATH:

- custom_dbinfos_train.pkl # pcdet/datasets/augmentor/database_ampler.py:line 26

PREPARE: {

filter_by_min_points: [ 'Drone:5', 'Plastic_sheet:5','Kite:5', 'Balloon:5','Bird:5' ], # 2.修改类别

# filter_by_difficulty: [-1], # 注释掉,防止训练报错

}

SAMPLE_GROUPS: [ 'Drone:15', 'Plastic_sheet:15', 'Kite:15', 'Balloon:15','Bird:15' ] # 3. 修改类别

NUM_POINT_FEATURES: 4

DATABASE_WITH_FAKELIDAR: False

REMOVE_EXTRA_WIDTH: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]

LIMIT_WHOLE_SCENE: True

- NAME: random_world_flip

ALONG_AXIS_LIST: ['x', 'y']

- NAME: random_world_rotation

WORLD_ROT_ANGLE: [-0.78539816, 0.78539816]

- NAME: random_world_scaling

WORLD_SCALE_RANGE: [0.9, 1.1]

- NAME: random_world_translation

NOISE_TRANSLATE_STD: [0.5, 0.5, 0.5]

DATA_PROCESSOR:

- NAME: mask_points_and_boxes_outside_range

REMOVE_OUTSIDE_BOXES: True

- NAME: shuffle_points

SHUFFLE_ENABLED: {

'train': True,

'test': True

}

- NAME: transform_points_to_voxels

VOXEL_SIZE: [0.1, 0.1, 0.2]

MAX_POINTS_PER_VOXEL: 10

MAX_NUMBER_OF_VOXELS: {

'train': 120000,

'test': 160000

}

#MODEL:

NAME: Cifu

VFE:

NAME: PDVMeanVFE

USE_XY_RANGE: True

DENSITY_LOG1P: True

RANGE_SCALE: 160.0 # 前向 160m,或者 120 之类

INTENSITY_IDX: 3 # xyzI 顺序

NUM_HIST_BINS: 8 # 可以先 8,看效果再增加

HIST_MIN: 0.0 # intensity 范围

HIST_MAX: 1.0 # 如果你的 intensity 已经归一化

BACKBONE_3D:

NAME: VoxelResBackBone8xVoxelNeXt

DENSE_HEAD:

NAME: VoxelNeXtHead

CLASS_AGNOSTIC: False

INPUT_FEATURES: 128

CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: [['Drone'], ['Plastic_sheet'], ['Kite'], ['Balloon'], ['Bird']]

SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL: 128

KERNEL_SIZE_HEAD: 1

USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM: True

NUM_HM_CONV: 2

SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG:

HEAD_ORDER: ['center', 'center_z', 'dim', 'rot']

HEAD_DICT: {

'center': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2},

'center_z': {'out_channels': 1, 'num_conv': 2},

'dim': {'out_channels': 3, 'num_conv': 2},

'rot': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2},

'vel': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2},

}

TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG:

FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 8

NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500

GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.1

MIN_RADIUS: 2

LOSS_CONFIG:

LOSS_WEIGHTS: {

'cls_weight': 1.0,

'loc_weight': 0.25,

'code_weights': [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0, 1.0]

'code_weights': [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.2, 0.2]

}

POST_PROCESSING:

SCORE_THRESH: 0.1

POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE: [-160, -61.2, -10.0, 160, 61.2, 10.0]

MAX_OBJ_PER_SAMPLE: 500

NMS_CONFIG:

NMS_TYPE: nms_gpu

NMS_THRESH: 0.2

NMS_PRE_MAXSIZE: 1000

NMS_POST_MAXSIZE: 83

POST_PROCESSING:

RECALL_THRESH_LIST: [0.3, 0.5, 0.7]

EVAL_METRIC: kitti

#OPTIMIZATION:

BATCH_SIZE_PER_GPU: 4

NUM_EPOCHS: 80

OPTIMIZER: adam_onecycle

LR: 0.001

WEIGHT_DECAY: 0.01

MOMENTUM: 0.9

MOMS: [0.95, 0.85]

PCT_START: 0.4

DIV_FACTOR: 10

DECAY_STEP_LIST: [35, 45]

LR_DECAY: 0.1

LR_CLIP: 0.0000001

LR_WARMUP: False

WARMUP_EPOCH: 1

GRAD_NORM_CLIP: 10

CLASS_NAMES: ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Kite', 'Balloon', 'Bird']

DATA_CONFIG:
BASE_CONFIG: /media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/tools/cfgs/dataset_configs/custom_dataset.yaml

MODEL:
NAME: Cifu

text
VFE: NAME: PDVMeanVFE USE_XY_RANGE: True DENSITY_LOG1P: True RANGE_SCALE: 160.0 INTENSITY_IDX: 3 NUM_HIST_BINS: 10 HIST_MIN: 0.0 HIST_MAX: 1.0 BACKBONE_3D: NAME: VoxelResBackBone4x # <<< 改这里(Step1) MAP_TO_BEV: NAME: HeightCompression NUM_BEV_FEATURES: 256 # 仍保持 256(我们 backbone 设计就是为了不破这个) BACKBONE_2D: NAME: BaseBEVBackbone LAYER_NUMS: [5, 5] LAYER_STRIDES: [1, 2] NUM_FILTERS: [128, 256] UPSAMPLE_STRIDES: [1, 2] NUM_UPSAMPLE_FILTERS: [256, 256] DENSE_HEAD: NAME: CenterHeads CLASS_AGNOSTIC: False # <<< 改这里:双 head(Tiny / Normal) CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: [ ['Bird', 'Kite'], ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Balloon'] ] SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL: 64 USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM: True NUM_HM_CONV: 2 SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG: # 注意:不要把 iou 放进 HEAD_ORDER(否则回归维度和 code_weights 会错) HEAD_ORDER: ['center', 'center_z', 'dim', 'rot'] HEAD_DICT: { 'center': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2}, 'center_z': {'out_channels': 1, 'num_conv': 2}, 'dim': {'out_channels': 3, 'num_conv': 2}, 'rot': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2}, # <<< 新增:IoU / quality 分支(Step4) 'iou': {'out_channels': 1, 'num_conv': 2} } # <<< 改这里:stride 8 -> 4 TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG: FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 4 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.1 MIN_RADIUS: 2 DENSE_REG: 1 # <<< 新增:每个 head 自己的 assigner(需要 Step3 的代码支持) TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD: - FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 4 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.35 # tiny:更“尖”的监督(更小 radius) MIN_RADIUS: 1 DENSE_REG: 1 - FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 4 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.10 # normal:保持你原本风格 MIN_RADIUS: 2 DENSE_REG: 1 # <<< 可选但建议:训练期加 IoU reg(不影响推理FPS) IOU_REG_LOSS: True LOSS_CONFIG: LOSS_WEIGHTS: { 'cls_weight': 1.0, 'loc_weight': 1.0, 'code_weights': [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] } POST_PROCESSING: SCORE_THRESH: 0.1 POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE: [-160, -75.2, -5.0, 160, 75.2, 8.0] MAX_OBJ_PER_SAMPLE: 500 # <<< 新增:用 iou 预测纠正 score(质量感知排序) USE_IOU_TO_RECTIFY_SCORE: True # 对应 CLASS_NAMES 顺序:Drone, Plastic_sheet, Kite, Balloon, Bird # alpha 越大,越依赖 iou(对 tiny 类一般设大点更稳) IOU_RECTIFIER: [0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.30, 0.70] NMS_CONFIG: MULTI_CLASSES_NMS: False NMS_TYPE: nms_gpu NMS_THRESH: 0.01 NMS_PRE_MAXSIZE: 4096 NMS_POST_MAXSIZE: 500 POST_PROCESSING: RECALL_THRESH_LIST: [0.3, 0.5, 0.7] OUTPUT_RAW_SCORE: False EVAL_METRIC: kitti

OPTIMIZATION:
BATCH_SIZE_PER_GPU: 4
NUM_EPOCHS: 80

text
OPTIMIZER: adam_onecycle LR: 0.01 WEIGHT_DECAY: 0.01 MOMENTUM: 0.9 MOMS: [0.95, 0.85] PCT_START: 0.4 DIV_FACTOR: 10 DECAY_STEP_LIST: [35, 45] LR_DECAY: 0.1 LR_CLIP: 0.0000001 LR_WARMUP: False WARMUP_EPOCH: 1 GRAD_NORM_CLIP: 35

我尝试了将[-160, -75.2, -5.0, 160, 75.2, 8.0]改为和我点云范围一样,但是效果很差,所以我还是使用这个默认值,现在我的问题是现在的模块改进和原始的centerpoint有什么区别,改进点是否是3个模块,LOSS还能改进吗,如果模块不够还能怎么改进呢,原始的配置文件如下:CLASS_NAMES: ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Kite', 'Balloon', 'Bird']

DATA_CONFIG:
BASE_CONFIG: /media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/tools/cfgs/dataset_configs/custom_dataset.yaml

MODEL:
NAME: CenterPoint

text
VFE: NAME: MeanVFE BACKBONE_3D: NAME: VoxelResBackBone8x MAP_TO_BEV: NAME: HeightCompression NUM_BEV_FEATURES: 256 BACKBONE_2D: NAME: BaseBEVBackbone LAYER_NUMS: [5, 5] LAYER_STRIDES: [1, 2] NUM_FILTERS: [128, 256] UPSAMPLE_STRIDES: [1, 2] NUM_UPSAMPLE_FILTERS: [256, 256] DENSE_HEAD: NAME: CenterHead CLASS_AGNOSTIC: False CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: [ ['Drone', 'Plastic_sheet', 'Kite', 'Balloon', 'Bird'] ] SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL: 64 USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM: True # TODO NUM_HM_CONV: 2 # TODO SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG: HEAD_ORDER: ['center', 'center_z', 'dim', 'rot'] HEAD_DICT: { 'center': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2}, 'center_z': {'out_channels': 1, 'num_conv': 2}, 'dim': {'out_channels': 3, 'num_conv': 2}, 'rot': {'out_channels': 2, 'num_conv': 2}, } TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG: FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE: 8 NUM_MAX_OBJS: 500 GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP: 0.1 MIN_RADIUS: 2 DENSE_REG: 1 LOSS_CONFIG: LOSS_WEIGHTS: { 'cls_weight': 1.0, 'loc_weight': 1.0, 'code_weights': [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] } POST_PROCESSING: SCORE_THRESH: 0.1 POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE: [-75.2, -75.2, -5.0, 75.2, 75.2, 3.0] MAX_OBJ_PER_SAMPLE: 500 NMS_CONFIG: MULTI_CLASSES_NMS: False NMS_TYPE: nms_gpu NMS_THRESH: 0.01 NMS_PRE_MAXSIZE: 4096 NMS_POST_MAXSIZE: 500 POST_PROCESSING: RECALL_THRESH_LIST: [0.3, 0.5, 0.7] OUTPUT_RAW_SCORE: False EVAL_METRIC: kitti

OPTIMIZATION:
BATCH_SIZE_PER_GPU: 4
NUM_EPOCHS: 80

text
OPTIMIZER: adam_onecycle LR: 0.01 WEIGHT_DECAY: 0.01 MOMENTUM: 0.9 MOMS: [0.95, 0.85] PCT_START: 0.4 DIV_FACTOR: 10 DECAY_STEP_LIST: [35, 45] LR_DECAY: 0.1 LR_CLIP: 0.0000001 LR_WARMUP: False WARMUP_EPOCH: 1 GRAD_NORM_CLIP: 35

Suy nghĩ

Explaining CenterPoint differences

I need to explain the differences between the original and the improved CenterPoint. Key modifications include VFE PDVMeanVFE, backbone stride of 4, multi-head attention, per-head assigner, and the IOU head with IOU_REG_LOSS and rectified scores. The change to post_center_limit_range affected filter behavior, possibly allowing noise due to range misalignments, so keeping the original default might actually work better.

Explaining range configuration in decoding

I'm explaining that the range used after decoding for the box center should align with the point cloud range. If it worsens, it might be a mismatch in data or evaluation range, or a coordinate shift. Actually, if using the point cloud range [-20, 20], it would filter out anything beyond 20, but decoding could still produce out-of-range values, which might be useful to filter out for better accuracy.

Explaining margin and improvements

The reason a bigger range might help is that true positives near the boundary can be misplaced by regression noise, pushing them out of range. A margin around the point cloud range allows for more accurate results.

As for improvements, it's more than three modules: VFE, backbone, dense head modifications, and adding per-head assigner, target assigner, and strides. There are also suggestions for improving the loss function, like replacing focal loss and adding auxiliary centerness or applying GIoU/DIoU.

Suggesting further improvements and next steps

To improve further, I suggest adding several modules: BEV FPN/BiFPN, deformable convolutions, attention modules (like SE/CBAM), and feature alignment for small objects. Other ideas are multi-scale voxelization or height-aware features. For small irregular scenes, improvements like class-specific NMS and IoU rectifier adjustments could help. Additionally, explore PDVMeanVFE vs MeanVFE and other module configurations.

Explaining FPS drop and improvements

The FPS dropped from 89 to 49 due to stride 4, but it's still acceptable. With new metrics, the improvements are clear: mAR of 84.01 and mAP of 74.722. The per-class 3D AP shows some solid improvements too. For POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE, adding a margin instead of matching the point cloud range can avoid dropping true positives.

I’m suggesting relaxed range or margin computation to improve recall, and including various loss improvements like VarifocalLoss and IoU adjustments for better handling of small objects and hard negatives.

Thought for 40s

Trả lời

你现在这版之所以能从原始 CenterPoint(mAP≈41)拉到 mAP≈74.7 / mAR≈84.0 / FPS≈49,本质上不是“调参”,而是把 信息表达 + 分辨率 + 任务解耦 + 质量感知排序 这几件对小目标最关键的东西都做了结构性改动。

下面我按“和原始 CenterPoint 的区别你到底改了哪些模块(不止 3 个点)Loss 还能怎么做模块级改进如果还想继续提升还能加哪些模块”给你梳理清楚。


1)你这版 vs 原始 CenterPoint:差异点一览

A. VFE:MeanVFE → PDVMeanVFE(你自定义)

原始:

  • MeanVFE 只做 voxel 内点的均值/基础统计,信息密度较低。

你现在:

  • PDV:增加 density(体素点密度)range(距离信息)
  • IVE:增加 intensity histogram(强度分布)
  • 还支持 XY range normalize / log1p density 等

意义(对应你场景):

  • Bird / Kite / Plastic_sheet 这种“点少 + 形状不规则”,均值特征很容易不稳定;你加的 density、range、intensity 分布能明显提升“可分性”。

✅ 这是第 1 个核心改进模块(VFE)。


B. 3D Backbone:VoxelResBackBone8x → VoxelResBackBone4x

原始:

  • XY stride = 8(BEV 特征很稀,tiny 类被下采样抹掉)

你现在:

  • XY stride = 4(BEV 网格更细)
  • 同时保持 Z 压缩策略,让 HeightCompression 后通道仍能对上(NUM_BEV_FEATURES=256 不炸)

意义:

  • stride=8 时,如果 voxel_size=0.1m,那 BEV cell≈0.8m;stride=4 变成≈0.4m
  • 对 IoU=0.7 的小目标,中心偏一点就掉 IoU,stride=4 通常是“质变”改动。

✅ 这是第 2 个核心改进模块(Backbone 分辨率)。


C. Head:CenterHead 单头 → CenterHeads 双头 + 每头独立 assigner + IoU/quality 分支 + score rectify

原始 CenterPoint:

  • 一个 head 负责所有类(Drone/Plastic_sheet/Kite/Balloon/Bird 混在一起)
  • 统一 gaussian 半径策略
  • 分类分数不反映定位质量(排序不匹配 IoU=0.7)

你现在:

  1. 双 head 解耦(Bird+Kite / Drone+Plastic_sheet+Balloon)
    • 减少 tiny 类与大类梯度冲突
  2. 每 head 独立 TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG(tiny overlap 更大、min_radius 更小)
    • tiny 类用更“尖”的 heatmap 监督
  3. 增加 iou 分支 + IOU_REG_LOSS
  4. USE_IOU_TO_RECTIFY_SCORE + IOU_RECTIFIER
    • 把 “分类分数”校正成“质量分数”(非常利于 IoU=0.7 mAP)

✅ 这其实不是“1 个模块”,而是 Dense Head 内部至少 4 个结构改进点


2)所以:改进点是不是 3 个模块?

如果按“一级模块”算,你可以说是 3 块:

  1. VFE 改造(PDVMeanVFE)
  2. Backbone 改造(8x→4x)
  3. Dense Head 改造(解耦 + per-head assigner + iou/quality + rectify)

但严格讲你的 Head 里已经是“多项模块级改动叠加”,所以效果上当然比只改一个点强很多。


3)为什么 POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE 设成点云范围会变差?

你点云 Y 范围是 [-20,20],但你把 POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE 改成严格的 [-20,20] 后变差,最常见原因是:

  • 真值/预测中心在边界附近(例如 y≈19.8),预测有轻微误差(y≈20.3),就被你硬过滤掉 → Recall 掉 → mAP 变差
  • 所以经验做法是:后处理范围要比点云 range 略“松”一些(给回归误差留 margin),而不是完全一致。

你现在用 [-160, -75.2, -5.0, 160, 75.2, 8.0] 很松,能保住 recall;只要 NMS/score 能压 FP,就会更稳。
如果你想更合理一点,可以用“带 margin 的点云范围”,比如:

  • x: [0-5, 160+5]
  • y: [-20-5, 20+5]
  • z: [-2-1, 6+1] 这样通常比完全一致更稳,也比巨大范围 FP 更少。

4)Loss 还能怎么“模块级”改进?(不是调权重)

你现在的 Loss 结构是:

  • heatmap:FocalLossCenterNet
  • box reg:RegLossCenterNet(L1 类)
  • iou:calculate_iou_loss_centerhead + iou_reg_loss

4.1 把 heatmap focal 换成“质量感知分类”(强烈推荐)

你已经有 iou/quality 分支、并且推理在做 rectify 了,但训练时 heatmap 仍然是“纯分类 focal”,训练目标与推理排序仍有 gap

模块级改法:

  • Quality Focal Loss(QFL)/ Varifocal Loss(VFL) 替代 heatmap focal
  • 训练时把正样本目标从 1 变成 IoU/quality(或 IoU 的某种映射),让分类分数天然带质量

效果通常是:mAP(尤其 IoU=0.7)更稳,对 Kite/Plastic_sheet 这种定位敏感类更有帮助。

改动位置:

  • CenterHead.build_losses() 里把 FocalLossCenterNet() 换成你实现的 QualityFocalLoss/VarifocalLoss
  • get_loss() 里构造 heatmap target 时引入质量权重(通常只改正样本)

这属于“换 loss 模块”,不是调参。


4.2 回归增加 BEV IoU 类 loss(辅助定位对齐指标)

你现在已有 iou_reg_loss,但很多实现只在部分位置算,或形式偏“约束”。你可以再加一个更直接的:

  • 对正样本 decode 出来的 box,计算 BEV IoU / DIoU / GIoU loss
  • 只在 mask=1 的点算(开销可控)

这对 IoU=0.7 指标非常对齐,常见收益是:mAP 上升、特别是小目标定位更稳


4.3 “小目标加权”的回归 loss(非常贴你 Bird/Kite)

模块级做法(不是调个全局权重):

  • 在 reg_loss 中对不同类别/不同尺寸引入 动态权重:例如 box 面积越小权重越大
  • 或者对 Bird/Kite 的 dim/center loss 增强(按 class mask)

这类改法往往能把 tiny 类再往上推一点,而且不会明显伤 FPS。


5)如果模块还不够,下一步怎么加?(按性价比排序)

你现在已经很强了,继续提升建议选“对小目标最敏感、改动最模块化”的方向:

5.1 BEV 多尺度融合:BaseBEVBackbone → FPN/BiFPN(推荐)

  • 小目标需要高分辨率浅层特征,大目标需要深层语义
  • FPN/BiFPN 能把不同尺度融合起来
  • 改动集中在 BACKBONE_2D 模块(相对独立)

5.2 BEV backbone 加可插拔注意力:SE/CBAM(很容易)

  • 在 2D backbone 的 block 后插 SE/CBAM
  • 常见提升:对不规则类(Plastic_sheet)更友好

5.3 NMS 模块升级:class_specific_nms / Soft-NMS(很便宜)

你现在 NMS_THRESH=0.01 非常“狠”,再加上 score rectify,有可能对某些类压得太厉害。
模块级方案:

  • 换成 class_specific_nms(不同类不同阈值)
  • 或 Soft-NMS(减少小目标被硬抑制)

这一步经常对 Bird/Kite 的 recall 有帮助,且几乎不影响训练结构。

5.4 双分辨率体素分支(更强但工程更大)

  • 一条分支用更细 voxel(专门看小目标近距离)
  • 一条分支保持当前 voxel(整体语义与速度)
  • 在 BEV 融合(concat/attention)

这个是“终极小目标方案”,但代码量明显更大,建议在你现在这版稳定后再做。


6)总结:你现在这版的“改进点结论”

相对原始 CenterPoint,你现在的提升主要来自:

  1. VFE 信息增强(PDV + intensity histogram)
  2. 分辨率提升(8x→4x stride)
  3. Head 任务解耦(双 head + per-head assigner)
  4. 质量分支与质量重打分(iou head + rectify + iou_reg_loss)

这已经是一套非常完整、且符合你“小目标 + 不规则 + IoU=0.7 严格”的结构化改进。


如果你想我下一步给你“最推荐的下一刀”(并且仍然要求模块级、可控代码量),我会建议你在保持当前结构不动的前提下二选一:

  • (优先)把 heatmap focal 换成 QFL/VFL(质量感知分类)
  • 或者 给 BACKBONE_2D 加 FPN/BiFPN

你告诉我:你更在意继续提升 Plastic_sheet 还是 Kite / Bird?我就按目标给你下一步的模块改造方案(包含具体文件改动点和 cfg 字段)。

Câu hỏi

请按照你的思路一步一步给出替换的完整的代码,一个一个代码给我,然后我去测试效果给你

Suy nghĩ

Providing step-by-step full code replacements

The user wants a complete step-by-step code update. Since they're asking for specific improvements, I'll focus on replacing the heatmap focal loss with Quality Focal / Varifocal Loss and incorporating IoU targets, possibly including BEV IoU regression loss. I'll prepare the code files sequentially, ensuring they align with the user’s preferred style.

Aligning IoU with QFL style

I see that they already have IoU head and loss, so to align with the Quality Focal Loss (QFL) style, we can adjust the heatmap targets. Instead of using 1 for the peak in the heatmap, we should swap it with IoU values for positive points. Using IoU quality for the positive centers will work well without changing the Gaussian approach.

Deciding on the best loss implementation

For dense point-wise loss, I’m thinking about approximating IoU for each positive pixel by using the heatmap peak value combined with IoU from the classification branch. However, IoU isn’t available per pixel, so it might be more straightforward to implement Varifocal Loss. Alternatively, I could use Gaussian Focal Loss (GFL), which simplifies this process and might align better with their request for module improvement.

Implementing Quality Focal Loss

I’m considering replacing the current "FocalLossCenterNet" with "GaussianFocalLoss" (like in mmdet3d), but it may not be a huge change. Since they already have an IoU head, I’ll upgrade the classification to be quality-aware by using Quality Focal Loss (QFL). We can compute IoU on-the-fly for positive locations during training, reusing existing methods. The target would clamp IoU between 0 and 1 for positives. That seems feasible considering their current structure.

Implementing IoU targets for center-based heatmap

To compute IoU between the decoded box predictions and ground truth boxes, I could implement a helper function. Instead of modifying the existing function significantly, I’ll create a new one. For simplicity, I'll return IoU targets for the positive indices and incorporate IoU into the Quality Weighted Focal Loss. The idea is to scale the heatmap based on IoU for the assigned centers, keeping things modular to allow testing.

Using Varifocal Loss with Gaussian Heatmap

I can improve the loss by using Varifocal Loss (VFL), where the target is the Gaussian heatmap. For positive points, the target is weighted by the Gaussian value, and for negatives, the target is zero. The loss will be weighted by the target for centers, which can help with smaller targets. This removes the need for IoU while aligning with the existing heatmap structure. I’ll implement this as a module-level change.

Implementing Varifocal Loss and organizing code changes

To implement Varifocal Loss, I’ll add a new class in vfl_loss.py and modify center_head.py to use it. I'll keep the existing setup by adding an optional configuration value (HM_LOSS_TYPE: 'VFL') to maintain backward compatibility. Instead of replacing large files like loss_utils.py, I’ll just append the necessary code, guiding the user through small steps one file at a time.

Providing next steps and code for VFL implementation

I’ll explain the improvements from the baseline and proceed with a "loss module upgrade." For the code, I’ll follow my plan to implement Varifocal Loss with separate files. First, I’ll provide vfl_loss.py, followed by necessary updates to center_head.py while preserving earlier changes. Configuration tweaks will be included for the user to enable Varifocal Loss.

Clarifying code updates and refactor details

I need to refine center_head.py by adding a toggle for selecting the heatmap loss method. I'll import VarifocalLoss and torch.nn.functional, then adjust build_losses to integrate the new loss. The previous import of loss_utils should remain intact, and I'll add print debugging carefully. Double sigmoid clamping in the loss calculation should be considered to avoid redundancy. The updated file will be clean but match the existing structure.

Summarizing differences and next steps

The new module introduces multiple differences:

  1. It incorporates Varifocal Loss for soft heatmap targets.
  2. Adjusts loss function to normalize by the number of positives.
  3. Handles modification of pred_dict with sigmoid application only during loss calculation; inference remains unaffected.

We'll provide the following:

  • Loss upgrade with VarifocalLoss implementation.
  • Configuration additions: HM_LOSS: VFL, VFL_ALPHA: 0.75, VFL_GAMMA: 2.0.
  • Test instructions: run training, compare metrics, and revert if degradation occurs.

Thought for 3m 19s

Trả lời

下面按我前面说的“Loss 模块级升级”给你一套一步一步、可直接替换的完整代码(每次只动很少文件,方便你回滚对比)。

你现在已经把 VFE / stride=4 backbone / 双 head + per-head assigner / IoU head + rectify 都做了,下一步最划算的是把 hm_loss(热力图分类)从 CenterNet Focal 换成 Varifocal Loss(VFL)

  • 你的 heatmap 本来就是 连续值(0~1)的高斯,VFL天生支持“软标签”,比传统 focal 更匹配这种监督;
  • 对小目标(Bird/Kite)尤其常见收益:中心附近更强调、边缘更弱,并且对 FP 抑制更稳;
  • 改动只涉及 loss 模块,不动网络结构/FPS。

Step 1:新增一个 loss 文件(新增文件,不覆盖你原 loss_utils.py)

新建文件:pcdet/utils/vfl_loss.py

把下面完整代码保存进去:

python
import torch import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F class VarifocalLoss(nn.Module): """ Varifocal Loss (VFNet) 的一个简化实现,适配 CenterNet/CenterPoint 的 gaussian heatmap soft target. - target: [0,1] 的软标签 (你的 heatmap gaussian) - pred: [0,1] 的概率 (sigmoid 后) 负样本权重:alpha * pred^gamma 正样本权重:target(越靠近中心的 gaussian 值越大 -> 权重越大) """ def __init__(self, alpha: float = 0.75, gamma: float = 2.0, reduction: str = 'mean'): super().__init__() self.alpha = float(alpha) self.gamma = float(gamma) assert reduction in ['mean', 'sum', 'none'] self.reduction = reduction def forward(self, pred: torch.Tensor, target: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: """ pred/target: shape (B, C, H, W) """ pred = pred.clamp(min=1e-6, max=1 - 1e-6) target = target.clamp(min=0.0, max=1.0) pos_mask = target > 0 neg_mask = ~pos_mask bce = F.binary_cross_entropy(pred, target, reduction='none') weight = torch.zeros_like(target) # 正样本:用 target 当权重(中心更强) weight[pos_mask] = target[pos_mask] # 负样本:alpha * p^gamma weight[neg_mask] = self.alpha * pred[neg_mask].pow(self.gamma) loss = weight * bce if self.reduction == 'none': return loss # 用正样本数做归一化更稳(防止 batch 里正样本太少造成 loss 抖动) num_pos = pos_mask.float().sum().clamp(min=1.0) loss = loss.sum() / num_pos return loss

Step 2:替换 center_head.py(只改 build_losses + hm_loss 计算逻辑;其余保持你现在稳定版本的写法)

你现在用的是我之前给你的那版 center_head.py(支持 per-head assigner、stride 同步、iou sigmoid、debug)。
下面我给你一份完整可替换版本,核心新增:支持 HM_LOSS: VFL 配置开关。

用下面文件完整替换:pcdet/models/dense_heads/center_head.py

python
import os import copy import numpy as np import torch import torch.nn as nn from torch.nn.init import kaiming_normal_ from functools import partial from ..model_utils import model_nms_utils from ..model_utils import centernet_utils from ...utils import loss_utils from ...utils.vfl_loss import VarifocalLoss class SeparateHead(nn.Module): def __init__(self, input_channels, sep_head_dict, init_bias=-2.19, use_bias=False, norm_func=None): super().__init__() self.sep_head_dict = sep_head_dict for cur_name in self.sep_head_dict: output_channels = self.sep_head_dict[cur_name]['out_channels'] num_conv = self.sep_head_dict[cur_name]['num_conv'] fc_list = [] for k in range(num_conv - 1): fc_list.append(nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(input_channels, input_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=use_bias), nn.BatchNorm2d(input_channels) if norm_func is None else norm_func(input_channels), nn.ReLU() )) fc_list.append(nn.Conv2d(input_channels, output_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=True)) fc = nn.Sequential(*fc_list) if 'hm' in cur_name: fc[-1].bias.data.fill_(init_bias) else: for m in fc.modules(): if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d): kaiming_normal_(m.weight.data) if hasattr(m, "bias") and m.bias is not None: nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0) self.__setattr__(cur_name, fc) def forward(self, x): ret_dict = {} for cur_name in self.sep_head_dict: ret_dict[cur_name] = self.__getattr__(cur_name)(x) return ret_dict class CenterHead(nn.Module): def __init__(self, model_cfg, input_channels, num_class, class_names, grid_size, point_cloud_range, voxel_size, predict_boxes_when_training=True): super().__init__() self.model_cfg = model_cfg self.num_class = num_class self.grid_size = grid_size self.point_cloud_range = point_cloud_range self.voxel_size = voxel_size self.feature_map_stride = self.model_cfg.TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG.get('FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE', None) self.class_names = class_names self.class_names_each_head = [] self.class_id_mapping_each_head = [] self.debug = bool(self.model_cfg.get('DEBUG_CENTERHEAD', False)) or (os.environ.get('PCDET_DEBUG_CENTERHEAD', '0') == '1') self._debug_printed_once = False for cur_class_names in self.model_cfg.CLASS_NAMES_EACH_HEAD: self.class_names_each_head.append([x for x in cur_class_names if x in class_names]) cur_class_id_mapping = torch.from_numpy(np.array( [self.class_names.index(x) for x in cur_class_names if x in class_names] )).cuda() self.class_id_mapping_each_head.append(cur_class_id_mapping) total_classes = sum([len(x) for x in self.class_names_each_head]) assert total_classes == len(self.class_names), f'class_names_each_head={self.class_names_each_head}' norm_func = partial( nn.BatchNorm2d, eps=self.model_cfg.get('BN_EPS', 1e-5), momentum=self.model_cfg.get('BN_MOM', 0.1) ) self.shared_conv = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d( input_channels, self.model_cfg.SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL, 3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=self.model_cfg.get('USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM', False) ), norm_func(self.model_cfg.SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL), nn.ReLU(), ) self.heads_list = nn.ModuleList() self.separate_head_cfg = self.model_cfg.SEPARATE_HEAD_CFG for head_idx, cur_class_names in enumerate(self.class_names_each_head): cur_head_dict = copy.deepcopy(self.separate_head_cfg.HEAD_DICT) cur_head_dict['hm'] = dict(out_channels=len(cur_class_names), num_conv=self.model_cfg.NUM_HM_CONV) self.heads_list.append( SeparateHead( input_channels=self.model_cfg.SHARED_CONV_CHANNEL, sep_head_dict=cur_head_dict, init_bias=-2.19, use_bias=self.model_cfg.get('USE_BIAS_BEFORE_NORM', False), norm_func=norm_func ) ) self.predict_boxes_when_training = predict_boxes_when_training self.forward_ret_dict = {} self.build_losses() def _dbg(self, msg: str): if not self.debug: return print(f"[CenterHead-DEBUG] {msg}") def build_losses(self): # ===== 新增:支持 VFL / 原 CenterNet Focal 二选一 ===== hm_loss_type = str(self.model_cfg.get('HM_LOSS', 'FOCAL')).upper() if hm_loss_type in ['VFL', 'VARIFOCAL']: alpha = float(self.model_cfg.get('VFL_ALPHA', 0.75)) gamma = float(self.model_cfg.get('VFL_GAMMA', 2.0)) self.add_module('hm_loss_func', VarifocalLoss(alpha=alpha, gamma=gamma, reduction='mean')) self._dbg(f"Use HM_LOSS=VFL (alpha={alpha}, gamma={gamma})") else: self.add_module('hm_loss_func', loss_utils.FocalLossCenterNet()) self._dbg("Use HM_LOSS=FOCAL (FocalLossCenterNet)") self.add_module('reg_loss_func', loss_utils.RegLossCenterNet()) def assign_target_of_single_head( self, num_classes, gt_boxes, feature_map_size, feature_map_stride, num_max_objs=500, gaussian_overlap=0.1, min_radius=2 ): heatmap = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_classes, feature_map_size[1], feature_map_size[0]) ret_boxes = gt_boxes.new_zeros((num_max_objs, gt_boxes.shape[-1] - 1 + 1)) inds = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_max_objs).long() mask = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_max_objs).long() ret_boxes_src = gt_boxes.new_zeros(num_max_objs, gt_boxes.shape[-1]) ret_boxes_src[:gt_boxes.shape[0]] = gt_boxes x, y, z = gt_boxes[:, 0], gt_boxes[:, 1], gt_boxes[:, 2] coord_x = (x - self.point_cloud_range[0]) / self.voxel_size[0] / feature_map_stride coord_y = (y - self.point_cloud_range[1]) / self.voxel_size[1] / feature_map_stride coord_x = torch.clamp(coord_x, min=0, max=feature_map_size[0] - 0.5) coord_y = torch.clamp(coord_y, min=0, max=feature_map_size[1] - 0.5) center = torch.cat((coord_x[:, None], coord_y[:, None]), dim=-1) center_int = center.int() center_int_float = center_int.float() dx, dy, dz = gt_boxes[:, 3], gt_boxes[:, 4], gt_boxes[:, 5] dx = dx / self.voxel_size[0] / feature_map_stride dy = dy / self.voxel_size[1] / feature_map_stride radius = centernet_utils.gaussian_radius(dx, dy, min_overlap=gaussian_overlap) radius = torch.clamp_min(radius.int(), min=min_radius) for k in range(min(num_max_objs, gt_boxes.shape[0])): if dx[k] <= 0 or dy[k] <= 0: continue if not (0 <= center_int[k][0] <= feature_map_size[0] and 0 <= center_int[k][1] <= feature_map_size[1]): continue cur_class_id = (gt_boxes[k, -1] - 1).long() centernet_utils.draw_gaussian_to_heatmap(heatmap[cur_class_id], center[k], radius[k].item()) inds[k] = center_int[k, 1] * feature_map_size[0] + center_int[k, 0] mask[k] = 1 ret_boxes[k, 0:2] = center[k] - center_int_float[k].float() ret_boxes[k, 2] = z[k] ret_boxes[k, 3:6] = gt_boxes[k, 3:6].log() ret_boxes[k, 6] = torch.cos(gt_boxes[k, 6]) ret_boxes[k, 7] = torch.sin(gt_boxes[k, 6]) if gt_boxes.shape[1] > 8: ret_boxes[k, 8:] = gt_boxes[k, 7:-1] return heatmap, ret_boxes, inds, mask, ret_boxes_src def assign_targets(self, gt_boxes, feature_map_size=None, **kwargs): feature_map_size = feature_map_size[::-1] default_cfg = self.model_cfg.TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG each_head_cfg = self.model_cfg.get('TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD', None) if each_head_cfg is not None: assert len(each_head_cfg) == len(self.class_names_each_head), \ f"TARGET_ASSIGNER_CONFIG_EACH_HEAD length {len(each_head_cfg)} != num_heads {len(self.class_names_each_head)}" def _get(cfg, key, default_val): if cfg is None: return default_val if isinstance(cfg, dict): return cfg.get(key, default_val) return getattr(cfg, key, default_val) batch_size = gt_boxes.shape[0] ret_dict = { 'heatmaps': [], 'target_boxes': [], 'inds': [], 'masks': [], 'heatmap_masks': [], 'target_boxes_src': [], } all_names = np.array(['bg', *self.class_names]) for head_idx, cur_class_names in enumerate(self.class_names_each_head): cur_cfg = each_head_cfg[head_idx] if each_head_cfg is not None else default_cfg cur_feature_map_stride = _get(cur_cfg, 'FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE', default_cfg.FEATURE_MAP_STRIDE) cur_num_max_objs = _get(cur_cfg, 'NUM_MAX_OBJS', default_cfg.NUM_MAX_OBJS) cur_gaussian_overlap = _get(cur_cfg, 'GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP', default_cfg.GAUSSIAN_OVERLAP) cur_min_radius = _get(cur_cfg, 'MIN_RADIUS', default_cfg.MIN_RADIUS) heatmap_list, target_boxes_list, inds_list, masks_list, target_boxes_src_list = [], [], [], [], [] for bs_idx in range(batch_size): cur_gt_boxes = gt_boxes[bs_idx] gt_class_names = all_names[cur_gt_boxes[:, -1].cpu().long().numpy()] gt_boxes_single_head = [] for gt_idx, name in enumerate(gt_class_names): if name not in cur_class_names: continue temp_box = cur_gt_boxes[gt_idx].clone() temp_box[-1] = cur_class_names.index(name) + 1 gt_boxes_single_head.append(temp_box[None, :]) if len(gt_boxes_single_head) == 0: gt_boxes_single_head = cur_gt_boxes[:0, :] else: gt_boxes_single_head = torch.cat(gt_boxes_single_head, dim=0) heatmap, ret_boxes, inds, mask, ret_boxes_src = self.assign_target_of_single_head( num_classes=len(cur_class_names), gt_boxes=gt_boxes_single_head.cpu(), feature_map_size=feature_map_size, feature_map_stride=cur_feature_map_stride, num_max_objs=cur_num_max_objs, gaussian_overlap=cur_gaussian_overlap, min_radius=cur_min_radius, ) heatmap_list.append(heatmap.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) target_boxes_list.append(ret_boxes.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) inds_list.append(inds.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) masks_list.append(mask.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) target_boxes_src_list.append(ret_boxes_src.to(gt_boxes_single_head.device)) ret_dict['heatmaps'].append(torch.stack(heatmap_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['target_boxes'].append(torch.stack(target_boxes_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['inds'].append(torch.stack(inds_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['masks'].append(torch.stack(masks_list, dim=0)) ret_dict['target_boxes_src'].append(torch.stack(target_boxes_src_list, dim=0)) return ret_dict def sigmoid(self, x): return torch.clamp(x.sigmoid(), min=1e-4, max=1 - 1e-4) def get_loss(self): pred_dicts = self.forward_ret_dict['pred_dicts'] target_dicts = self.forward_ret_dict['target_dicts'] tb_dict = {} loss = 0 for head_idx, pred_dict in enumerate(pred_dicts): pred_hm = self.sigmoid(pred_dict['hm']) # (B,C,H,W) target_hm = target_dicts['heatmaps'][head_idx] hm_loss = self.hm_loss_func(pred_hm, target_hm) hm_loss *= self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['cls_weight'] target_boxes = target_dicts['target_boxes'][head_idx] pred_boxes = torch.cat([pred_dict[name] for name in self.separate_head_cfg.HEAD_ORDER], dim=1) reg_loss = self.reg_loss_func( pred_boxes, target_dicts['masks'][head_idx], target_dicts['inds'][head_idx], target_boxes ) loc_loss = (reg_loss * reg_loss.new_tensor(self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['code_weights'])).sum() loc_loss = loc_loss * self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['loc_weight'] loss += hm_loss + loc_loss tb_dict[f'hm_loss_head_{head_idx}'] = float(hm_loss.item()) tb_dict[f'loc_loss_head_{head_idx}'] = float(loc_loss.item()) if ('iou' in pred_dict) or self.model_cfg.get('IOU_REG_LOSS', False): batch_box_preds = centernet_utils.decode_bbox_from_pred_dicts( pred_dict=pred_dict, point_cloud_range=self.point_cloud_range, voxel_size=self.voxel_size, feature_map_stride=self.feature_map_stride ) batch_box_preds_for_iou = batch_box_preds.permute(0, 3, 1, 2).contiguous() if 'iou' in pred_dict: iou_loss = loss_utils.calculate_iou_loss_centerhead( iou_preds=pred_dict['iou'], batch_box_preds=batch_box_preds_for_iou.clone().detach(), mask=target_dicts['masks'][head_idx], ind=target_dicts['inds'][head_idx], gt_boxes=target_dicts['target_boxes_src'][head_idx] ) loss += iou_loss tb_dict[f'iou_loss_head_{head_idx}'] = float(iou_loss.item()) if self.model_cfg.get('IOU_REG_LOSS', False): iou_reg_loss = loss_utils.calculate_iou_reg_loss_centerhead( batch_box_preds=batch_box_preds_for_iou, mask=target_dicts['masks'][head_idx], ind=target_dicts['inds'][head_idx], gt_boxes=target_dicts['target_boxes_src'][head_idx] ) if target_dicts['masks'][head_idx].sum().item() != 0: iou_reg_loss = iou_reg_loss * self.model_cfg.LOSS_CONFIG.LOSS_WEIGHTS['loc_weight'] loss += iou_reg_loss tb_dict[f'iou_reg_loss_head_{head_idx}'] = float(iou_reg_loss.item()) else: loss += (batch_box_preds_for_iou * 0.).sum() tb_dict[f'iou_reg_loss_head_{head_idx}'] = float((batch_box_preds_for_iou * 0.).sum().item()) tb_dict['rpn_loss'] = float(loss.item()) return loss, tb_dict def generate_predicted_boxes(self, batch_size, pred_dicts): post_cfg = self.model_cfg.POST_PROCESSING post_center_limit_range = torch.tensor(post_cfg.POST_CENTER_LIMIT_RANGE).cuda().float() ret_dict = [{ 'pred_boxes': [], 'pred_scores': [], 'pred_labels': [], } for _ in range(batch_size)] for head_idx, pred_dict in enumerate(pred_dicts): batch_hm = pred_dict['hm'].sigmoid() batch_center = pred_dict['center'] batch_center_z = pred_dict['center_z'] batch_dim = pred_dict['dim'].exp() batch_rot_cos = pred_dict['rot'][:, 0].unsqueeze(dim=1) batch_rot_sin = pred_dict['rot'][:, 1].unsqueeze(dim=1) batch_vel = pred_dict['vel'] if 'vel' in self.separate_head_cfg.HEAD_ORDER else None batch_iou = torch.sigmoid(pred_dict['iou']) if 'iou' in pred_dict else None final_pred_dicts = centernet_utils.decode_bbox_from_heatmap( heatmap=batch_hm, rot_cos=batch_rot_cos, rot_sin=batch_rot_sin, center=batch_center, center_z=batch_center_z, dim=batch_dim, vel=batch_vel, iou=batch_iou, point_cloud_range=self.point_cloud_range, voxel_size=self.voxel_size, feature_map_stride=self.feature_map_stride, K=post_cfg.MAX_OBJ_PER_SAMPLE, circle_nms=(post_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.NMS_TYPE == 'circle_nms'), score_thresh=post_cfg.SCORE_THRESH, post_center_limit_range=post_center_limit_range ) for bs_i, final_dict in enumerate(final_pred_dicts): final_dict['pred_labels'] = self.class_id_mapping_each_head[head_idx][final_dict['pred_labels'].long()] if post_cfg.get('USE_IOU_TO_RECTIFY_SCORE', False) and 'pred_iou' in final_dict: pred_iou = torch.clamp(final_dict['pred_iou'], min=0.0, max=1.0) IOU_RECTIFIER = final_dict['pred_scores'].new_tensor(post_cfg.IOU_RECTIFIER) final_dict['pred_scores'] = torch.pow( final_dict['pred_scores'], 1 - IOU_RECTIFIER[final_dict['pred_labels']] ) * torch.pow( pred_iou, IOU_RECTIFIER[final_dict['pred_labels']] ) if post_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.NMS_TYPE not in ['circle_nms', 'class_specific_nms']: selected, selected_scores = model_nms_utils.class_agnostic_nms( box_scores=final_dict['pred_scores'], box_preds=final_dict['pred_boxes'], nms_config=post_cfg.NMS_CONFIG, score_thresh=None ) elif post_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.NMS_TYPE == 'class_specific_nms': selected, selected_scores = model_nms_utils.class_specific_nms( box_scores=final_dict['pred_scores'], box_preds=final_dict['pred_boxes'], box_labels=final_dict['pred_labels'], nms_config=post_cfg.NMS_CONFIG, score_thresh=post_cfg.NMS_CONFIG.get('SCORE_THRESH', None) ) else: raise NotImplementedError final_dict['pred_boxes'] = final_dict['pred_boxes'][selected] final_dict['pred_scores'] = selected_scores final_dict['pred_labels'] = final_dict['pred_labels'][selected] ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_boxes'].append(final_dict['pred_boxes']) ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_scores'].append(final_dict['pred_scores']) ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_labels'].append(final_dict['pred_labels']) for bs_i in range(batch_size): ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_boxes'] = torch.cat(ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_boxes'], dim=0) if len(ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_boxes']) else torch.empty((0, 7), device='cuda') ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_scores'] = torch.cat(ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_scores'], dim=0) if len(ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_scores']) else torch.empty((0,), device='cuda') ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_labels'] = torch.cat(ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_labels'], dim=0).long() + 1 if len(ret_dict[bs_i]['pred_labels']) else torch.empty((0,), dtype=torch.long, device='cuda') return ret_dict @staticmethod def reorder_rois_for_refining(batch_size, pred_dicts): num_max_rois = max([len(cur_dict['pred_boxes']) for cur_dict in pred_dicts]) num_max_rois = max(1, num_max_rois) pred_boxes = pred_dicts[0]['pred_boxes'] rois = pred_boxes.new_zeros((batch_size, num_max_rois, pred_boxes.shape[-1])) roi_scores = pred_boxes.new_zeros((batch_size, num_max_rois)) roi_labels = pred_boxes.new_zeros((batch_size, num_max_rois)).long() for bs_idx in range(batch_size): num_boxes = len(pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_boxes']) rois[bs_idx, :num_boxes, :] = pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_boxes'] roi_scores[bs_idx, :num_boxes] = pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_scores'] roi_labels[bs_idx, :num_boxes] = pred_dicts[bs_idx]['pred_labels'] return rois, roi_scores, roi_labels def forward(self, data_dict): # 关键:与你的 HeightCompression 对齐(它写了 spatial_features_stride) runtime_stride = data_dict.get('spatial_features_stride', None) if runtime_stride is not None: if torch.is_tensor(runtime_stride): runtime_stride = runtime_stride.item() self.feature_map_stride = int(runtime_stride) spatial_features_2d = data_dict['spatial_features_2d'] x = self.shared_conv(spatial_features_2d) pred_dicts = [head(x) for head in self.heads_list] if self.training: target_dict = self.assign_targets( data_dict['gt_boxes'], feature_map_size=spatial_features_2d.size()[2:], ) self.forward_ret_dict['target_dicts'] = target_dict self.forward_ret_dict['pred_dicts'] = pred_dicts if not self.training or self.predict_boxes_when_training: final_box_dicts = self.generate_predicted_boxes( data_dict['batch_size'], pred_dicts ) if self.predict_boxes_when_training: rois, roi_scores, roi_labels = self.reorder_rois_for_refining(data_dict['batch_size'], final_box_dicts) data_dict['rois'] = rois data_dict['roi_scores'] = roi_scores data_dict['roi_labels'] = roi_labels data_dict['has_class_labels'] = True else: data_dict['final_box_dicts'] = final_box_dicts return data_dict

Step 3:改 cfg(只加 3 行开关,方便你做 ablation)

在你当前 cfg 的 DENSE_HEAD: 下面(跟 IOU_REG_LOSS 同级)加入:

yaml
HM_LOSS: VFL VFL_ALPHA: 0.75 VFL_GAMMA: 2.0

如果你想对比回原始 focal,只要把 HM_LOSS: FOCAL 或者直接删掉这三行即可(默认还是 FocalLossCenterNet)。


你测试时怎么判断 VFL 是否有提升(建议你先看这 3 个指标)

  1. Bird / Kite 的 [email protected] 是否上涨(尤其是 Kite 往往最敏感)
  2. 整体 mAP 是否更稳(波动更小)
  3. FP 是否下降(你开了 rectify,一般 FP 会更受影响)

下一步(等你回传结果后我再给你下一份“完整代码”)

如果 VFL 有收益,我们下一个“模块级”通常是二选一(我会按你回传的类别表现选):

  • 方案B:加 class_specific_nms(完整替换 nms 逻辑 + cfg),常见提升 tiny 类 recall;
  • 方案C:Backbone_2D 升级成轻量 FPN/BiFPN(完整一个文件),对不规则类(Plastic_sheet)很有效。

你先按上面 Step1~Step3 跑一版,把新的 mAR/mAP/FPS + 每类 AP 发我,我再给你下一份“整文件替换”的代码。

Câu hỏi

按照你这个方案在巡行中代码报错如下:../aten/src/ATen/native/cuda/Loss.cu:92: operator(): block: [158,0,0], thread: [126,0,0] Assertion input_val >= zero && input_val <= one failed.
../aten/src/ATen/native/cuda/Loss.cu:92: operator(): block: [158,0,0], thread: [127,0,0] Assertion input_val >= zero && input_val <= one failed.
epochs: 0%| | 0/80 [03:52<?, ?it/s]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/tools/train.py", line 233, in <module>
main()
File "/media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/tools/train.py", line 178, in main
train_model(
File "/media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/tools/train_utils/train_utils.py", line 180, in train_model
accumulated_iter = train_one_epoch(
File "/media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/tools/train_utils/train_utils.py", line 56, in train_one_epoch
loss, tb_dict, disp_dict = model_func(model, batch)
File "/media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/pcdet/models/init.py", line 44, in model_func
ret_dict, tb_dict, disp_dict = model(batch_dict)
File "/home/jd/anaconda3/envs/openpcdet/lib/python3.9/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1190, in _call_impl
return forward_call(*input, **kwargs)
File "/media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/pcdet/models/detectors/cifu.py", line 15, in forward
loss, tb_dict, disp_dict = self.get_training_loss()
File "/media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/pcdet/models/detectors/cifu.py", line 27, in get_training_loss
loss, tb_dict = self.dense_head.get_loss()
File "/media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/pcdet/models/dense_heads/center_head_multiscale.py", line 276, in get_loss
hm_loss = self.hm_loss_func(pred_hm, target_hm)
File "/home/jd/anaconda3/envs/openpcdet/lib/python3.9/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1190, in _call_impl
return forward_call(*input, **kwargs)
File "/media/jd/4997BB1603CFE2C4/lw/Openpcdet/pcdet/utils/vfl_loss.py", line 36, in forward
weight[pos_mask] = target[pos_mask]
RuntimeError: numel: integer multiplication overflow

Suy nghĩ

Debugging error in binary cross-entropy loss

I’m encountering an error related to input values being outside the [0, 1] range in binary cross-entropy. Even though I've clamped the predictions and target values, the error suggests the prediction might not be sigmoid. Also, NaN values can cause the clamp to fail. I might need to handle NaNs properly — maybe replace them with a default value like 0.5.

Investigating overflow error with mask indexing

This error seems to happen when the mask is too large or has an unexpected type, causing a huge number of elements during indexing. I’m wondering if the target tensor is not contiguous, or if there’s an issue with its shape metadata. The overflow error might occur if a tensor has corrupt sizes or large strides.

Investigating overflow during mask indexing

I’m trying to figure out why an overflow happens during mask indexing. The grid size and number of elements don’t seem to suggest an overflow. The target dtype is float, and using pos_mask should be fine. Hmm, the overflow seems to happen after a CUDA assertion fails, causing later errors. That might be triggering weird behavior.

Fixing BCE error with logits version

It looks like the root cause is NaN values or out-of-range inputs in BCE. To address this, we’ll pass logits directly to the loss function and apply sigmoid inside. This also involves ensuring both predictions and targets are clamped and that NaNs are replaced with a fallback value. By using BCEWithLogits, we avoid the assertion error.

Implementing updated VFL with logits loss function

I’m updating the center_head to pass raw logits for predictions, and we’ll use BCEWithLogits for the loss. To manage NaNs, I’ll apply torch.nan_to_num to both targets and predictions. Additionally, the VarifocalLoss will be adjusted to handle logits directly and clamp them for stability. I'll also ensure compatibility by incorporating a flag for different loss settings. Finally, I’ll patch the custom center_head_multiscale.py based on the config.

Fixing VFL and updating center_head_multiscale

The error arises due to NaNs in BCE with logits on the GPU, causing a device assert. I’ll adjust the VFL implementation to use BCEWithLogits and nan_to_num. Then, I’ll patch center_head_multiscale to pass logits instead of probabilities by modifying the relevant functions. I’ll provide full code for vfl_loss.py first, then a patch for center_head_multiscale.py.

Fixing NaN issues in VFL and center_head_multiscale

The root cause seems to be using BCE on NaN or out-of-range pred values, which causes a device assert. I’ll update the VFL to use BCEWithLogits with proper NaN handling. We can modify center_head_multiscale to pass logits, but an alternate approach is to sanitize pred inside VFL without changing center_head_multiscale.

Thought for 59s

Trả lời

你这个报错根因是 CUDA 的 BCE 内核断言binary_cross_entropy 要求 input(pred) 必须在 [0,1],但你的 pred_hm 里出现了 NaN/Inf(NaN 不满足 >=0 && <=1),于是先触发了

Assertion `input_val >= zero && input_val <= one` failed.

一旦触发 device assert,后面很多操作都会“连锁报奇怪错误”(你看到的 numel: integer multiplication overflow 基本就是前面 device assert 之后的连带异常,不是真 overflow)。

你现在用的 DenseHead 是 CenterHeads(报错栈里是 center_head_multiscale.py),所以我之前给你的 center_head.py 不是这次报错的直接位置。最稳的修复方式是:把 VFL loss 写得对 NaN/Inf 更鲁棒,这样不需要你再去改 center_head_multiscale.py

下面给你第一个“只替换一个文件”的修复:替换 pcdet/utils/vfl_loss.py


✅ Step 1(只改 1 个文件):替换 pcdet/utils/vfl_loss.py

把你现在的 pcdet/utils/vfl_loss.py 整文件替换为下面这份(注意:我加了 nan_to_num,并且在检测到 NaN/Inf 时会打印一次 warning,方便你定位是不是训练数值炸了):

python
import os import torch import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F class VarifocalLoss(nn.Module): """ Varifocal Loss (probability-input version), robust to NaN/Inf. - pred: probability in [0,1] (通常是 sigmoid 后的 heatmap) - target: soft target in [0,1] (你的 gaussian heatmap) 负样本权重:alpha * pred^gamma 正样本权重:target """ def __init__(self, alpha: float = 0.75, gamma: float = 2.0, reduction: str = 'mean'): super().__init__() self.alpha = float(alpha) self.gamma = float(gamma) assert reduction in ['mean', 'sum', 'none'] self.reduction = reduction # debug:是否打印 NaN/Inf 警告 self.debug_nan = (os.environ.get("PCDET_DEBUG_NAN", "0") == "1") self._warned = False def forward(self, pred: torch.Tensor, target: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: """ pred/target: (B, C, H, W) """ # --- 关键:先把 NaN/Inf 清掉,否则 BCE CUDA 内核会断言崩溃 --- if (not self._warned) and (self.debug_nan or torch.isnan(pred).any() or torch.isinf(pred).any()): # 只打印一次,避免刷屏 n_nan = torch.isnan(pred).sum().item() n_inf = torch.isinf(pred).sum().item() if n_nan > 0 or n_inf > 0: print(f"[VFL WARNING] pred has NaN/Inf: nan={n_nan}, inf={n_inf}. " f"Will apply nan_to_num + clamp. Consider lowering LR or checking AMP.") self._warned = True pred = torch.nan_to_num(pred, nan=0.5, posinf=1.0, neginf=0.0) target = torch.nan_to_num(target, nan=0.0, posinf=1.0, neginf=0.0) # clamp 到合法范围,保证 BCE 不触发断言 pred = pred.clamp(min=1e-6, max=1.0 - 1e-6) target = target.clamp(min=0.0, max=1.0) pos_mask = target > 0 neg_mask = ~pos_mask # BCE on prob bce = F.binary_cross_entropy(pred, target, reduction='none') weight = torch.zeros_like(target) weight[pos_mask] = target[pos_mask] weight[neg_mask] = self.alpha * pred[neg_mask].pow(self.gamma) loss = weight * bce if self.reduction == 'none': return loss # 用正样本数归一化(更稳) num_pos = pos_mask.float().sum().clamp(min=1.0) loss = loss.sum() / num_pos return loss

✅ 你怎么跑来验证(建议)

  1. 先不改任何其他代码,直接重新训练/继续训练看是否还会崩。
  2. 如果你想更明确看到是不是 NaN 导致的,把环境变量打开一次:
bash
export PCDET_DEBUG_NAN=1

它会在第一次发现 NaN/Inf 时打印 warning(只打印一次)。


如果 Step 1 之后仍然报同样断言

那说明你传进 VFL 的 pred 不是 sigmoid 后的概率(可能某处把 logits 直接丢进来了),这种情况下 pred 会远大于 1 或小于 0。

这时你把报错行贴出来我就能定位到你 center_head_multiscale.py 的哪一行在算 pred_hm一般修法就是:确保传入 VFL 的是 sigmoid + clamp 后的 pred

(你这次栈里显示 hm_loss = self.hm_loss_func(pred_hm, target_hm),如果 pred_hm 是 raw logits 就会崩。)


你先按 Step 1 替换 vfl_loss.py 跑一遍,把:

  • 是否还报错
  • 如果不报错,新跑出来的 mAP/mAR(以及 Bird/Kite/Plastic_sheet AP)

发我,我再给你 Step 2(下一份“完整替换代码”):要么升级成 logits 版 VFL(更稳定),要么做下一项模块(class_specific_nms 或 BiFPN/FPN)。

Câu hỏi

根据我目前的结果告诉我每个类别和总的map50以及map50-95是多少:Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.734
Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50 | area= all | maxDets=1000 ] = 0.968
Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.75 | area= all | maxDets=1000 ] = 0.855
Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=1000 ] = -1.000
Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=1000 ] = 0.721
Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=1000 ] = 0.740
Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.782
Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets=300 ] = 0.782
Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets=1000 ] = 0.782
Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=1000 ] = -1.000
Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=1000 ] = 0.765
Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=1000 ] = 0.785
01/11 16:50:32 - mmengine - INFO -
+---------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| category | mAP | mAP_50 | mAP_75 | mAP_s | mAP_m | mAP_l |
+---------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| drone | 0.774 | 0.997 | 0.911 | nan | 0.723 | 0.783 |
| plastic_sheet | 0.489 | 0.861 | 0.506 | nan | 0.505 | 0.491 |
| kite | 0.847 | 0.98 | 0.968 | nan | 0.779 | 0.859 |
| balloon | 0.871 | 1.0 | 0.99 | nan | 0.876 | 0.873 |
| bird | 0.688 | 1.0 | 0.902 | nan | nan | 0.695 |
+---------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
01/11 16:50:32 - mmengine - INFO - bbox_mAP_copypaste: 0.734 0.968 0.855 -1.000 0.721 0.740
01/11 16:50:32 - mmengine - INFO - Epoch(val) [100][37/37] coco/drone_precision: 0.7740 coco/plastic_sheet_precision: 0.4890 coco/kite_precision: 0.8470 coco/balloon_precision: 0.8710 coco/bird_precision: 0.6880 coco/bbox_mAP: 0.7340 coco/bbox_mAP_50: 0.9680 coco/bbox_mAP_75: 0.8550 coco/bbox_mAP_s: -1.0000 coco/bbox_mAP_m: 0.7210 coco/bbox_mAP_l: 0.7400 data_time: 0.0376 time: 0.4800
以及出现nan的原因

Trả lời

下面把你这份 COCO-style 评测日志里能读出来的 总 mAP50 / mAP50-95每类的 AP50-95、AP50、AP75 整理清楚;然后解释 为什么会出现 nan / -1.000


1) 总体指标(Overall)

从日志最上面的 3 行:

对应你最后那行 bbox_mAP_copypaste: 0.734 0.968 0.855 -1.000 0.721 0.740 也是同一组:

  • bbox_mAP = 0.734
  • bbox_mAP_50 = 0.968
  • bbox_mAP_75 = 0.855
  • bbox_mAP_s = -1.000(small 无法计算,见第 3 部分)
  • bbox_mAP_m = 0.721
  • bbox_mAP_l = 0.740

2) 每个类别的指标(Per-class)

你表格里 mAP 就是 该类的 AP@[0.50:0.95](即该类的 mAP50-95),并给了该类的 mAP_50 / mAP_75。

各类 AP50-95 / AP50 / AP75

  • drone

    • mAP50-95 = 0.774
    • mAP50 = 0.997
    • mAP75 = 0.911
  • plastic_sheet

    • mAP50-95 = 0.489
    • mAP50 = 0.861
    • mAP75 = 0.506
  • kite

    • mAP50-95 = 0.847
    • mAP50 = 0.980
    • mAP75 = 0.968
  • balloon

    • mAP50-95 = 0.871
    • mAP50 = 1.000
    • mAP75 = 0.990
  • bird

    • mAP50-95 = 0.688
    • mAP50 = 1.000
    • mAP75 = 0.902

你现在最短板很明显是 plastic_sheet(0.489);其次是 bird(0.688)


3) nan / -1.000 出现的原因(重点)

你日志里有两种“异常显示”:

A) overall 的 mAP_s / AR_s = -1.000

这是 COCO 评测里很典型的情况:small 这个 size 区间里“没有有效 GT”或“没有参与评估的样本”,评测脚本就会输出 -1(表示不可用/未定义),不是模型坏了。

常见原因:

  1. 你的数据集标注在 COCO 的 area 计算下,没有落入 small 区间
  2. 或者某些类/全体在 small 分组里 GT 为 0(导致统计不可计算)

COCO 的 small/medium/large 是按 像素面积/area 划分的(原 COCO 是 32²、96² 这样的阈值)。如果你的评测把 3D box 投影或用某个规则生成 area,可能导致 small 分组为空。

B) 每类表格里的 mAP_s 显示 nan

同理:对单个类别,如果该类别在 small 分组里 GT 数量为 0(或有效匹配为 0 导致分母为 0),就会显示 nan

比如你表格中:

  • 所有类的 mAP_s 都是 nan
    说明:你的 val set 在 small 分组里整体就是空的(或者 area 计算方式让它空了)。

另外你 bird 的 mAP_m 也是 nan:说明 bird 在 medium 分组里也可能没有样本(或 area 全被判到 large)。


4) 你需要担心这些 nan 吗?

一般不需要,因为:

  • 总体 mAP(0.734/0.968/0.855)是正常的;
  • medium/large 分组也能算;
  • nan 只说明“该分组在你的数据/面积定义下没有样本”,不是训练数值爆炸。

只有当你看到的是 loss 变 nan、或者推理输出 nan,那才是数值问题。你这份日志更像是 评测分组为空 的“统计意义 nan”。


如果你想把 small/medium/large 也变成“可用”,你需要检查评测时 bbox area 的计算方式(你的框是 2D 还是由 3D 转出来的?area 是怎么定义的?阈值是不是 COCO 默认?)。你把你用的评测脚本/配置(mmdet 或 mmengine 的 evaluator 配置)贴出来,我可以告诉你具体改哪一项来让 small 分组不为空。

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