Crafting lecture content structure for ACS management
Top take-home messages to include: the crucial decision between complete revascularization with CABG vs PCI in ACS, the NSTE-ACS invasive approach, radial access recommendations (Class I A), the use of intracoronary imaging (Class I), and multivessel PCI management in ACS, including complexities like cardiogenic shock. Finally, I’ll design a 1-hour lecture, beginning with objectives and framework in Chinese.
Designing lecture structure for ACS revascularization
Here's how I'll break it down:
- 0-5 min: Introduction and objectives for the session.
- 5-20 min: Discuss "When to Revascularize: Guidelines from CCS and ACS" with focus on ESC 2024 and ACS 2025.
- 20-35 min: "PCI vs CABG: Clinical Decisions," focusing on different anatomical and clinical contexts like left main, three-vessel, and ACS scenarios.
- 35-47 min: "PCI Strategies: Anatomy, Functional Evaluation, and Procedure Details" with considerations like Heart Team, SYNTAX and STS scoring, FFR, and imaging techniques.
Highlighting ESC vs ACC/AHA aspects & case-driven decisions
- 47-60 min: "Case-driven decision making." Present 3 cases where we decide between PCI, CABG, or OMT. Discuss the extent and staging of PCI, emphasizing integration of both ESC and ACC/AHA guidelines. Individual slides will specify content, focusing on class of recommendation and level of evidence, which Chinese cardiologists are familiar with.
Ensuring guideline references are included
I need to ensure we reference key guidelines, like ESC 2024's recommendations for revascularization in CCS, surgical superiority in multivessel CAD, Heart Team decision-making, and complete revascularization. We also need ACC/AHA's guidelines on DAPT, radial access, and invasive strategies in ACS, along with specific treatment timings.
Designing the lecture structure with key guidelines
The task is to develop a clear lecture plan, keeping the focus on ESC 2024 and ACC/AHA 2025 guidelines. I will present the outline with times and modules, followed by bullet points for core ideas. For case discussions, brief descriptions and interaction questions will be included. I'll note important RCTs like STICH, REVIVED, CORD, etc.
Outlining modules and content for the lecture
I’m planning each module's content—starting with background and strategies in Module 1, then diving into PCI decisions in CCS and ACS contexts in Modules 2 and 3. I’ll cover PCI techniques in Module 4 and case discussions in Module 5. Key recommendations and decision algorithms need to be emphasized while bridging with Chinese practice where possible. Citations should be included carefully for each statement.
Summarizing ESC 2024 and ACC/AHA recommendations for PCI and CABG
ESC 2024 emphasizes that revascularization improves angina and coronary flow but doesn't cure atherosclerosis. For CCS with LVEF >35%, PCI or CABG is recommended for significant disease (Class I). For ACS, ACC/AHA advises an invasive approach based on risk. For LVEF <=35%, careful evaluation of revascularization vs. medical therapy is key.
Summarizing revascularization recommendations for multivessel CAD
For multivessel disease and LVEF <=35%, CABG is preferred over medication to improve survival. In cases with diabetes or high CAD complexity, CABG stands out over PCI. For single or two-vessel disease, PCI could be an option, aiming to relieve symptoms or reduce ischemic areas. Decision-making should involve patient preferences and a Heart Team discussion. For functional lesions, FFR/iFR and IVUS are key in assessments.
Explaining PCI decision-making for NSTE-ACS
For NSTE-ACS, risk stratification is key. High-risk cases should receive invasive procedures early (<24h for high, <2h for very-high risk). The guidelines emphasize revascularization within hospitalization, but exact times aren't mentioned. We can highlight Figure 8 from the guidelines, which provides visual clarity on timing and risk thresholds.
Summarizing ACS revascularization strategies and PCI decisions
For ACS with multivessel disease (MVD), complete revascularization is emphasized, with PCI or CABG based on CAD complexity and comorbidities. In cardiogenic shock, culprit vessel revascularization is critical. Radial access and intracoronary imaging are recommended for complex PCI. Module restructuring includes a focus on complete vs. partial revascularization, FFR/iFR, and PCI techniques.
Thought for 3m 8s