论文修改和审稿意见
創建於:2025年1月19日
創建於:2025年1月19日
Your manuscript entitled "A Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing Approach for Optimizing Airport Ground Movement" which you submitted to Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics, has been reviewed. The reviewer comments are included at the bottom of this letter.
The reviews are in general favourable and suggest that, subject to minor revisions, your paper could be suitable for publication. Please consider these suggestions, and I look forward to receiving your revision.
To submit the revision, log into https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ttrb and enter your Author Center, where you will find your manuscript title listed under "Manuscripts with Decisions." Under "Actions," click on "Create a Revision." Your manuscript number has been appended to denote a revision. Please enter your responses to the comments made by the reviewer(s) in the space provided. You can use this space to document any changes you made to the original manuscript. Please be as specific as possible in your response to the reviewer(s).
IMPORTANT: Your original files are available to you when you upload your revised manuscript. Please delete any redundant files before completing the submission.
Because we are trying to facilitate timely publication of manuscripts submitted to Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics, your revised manuscript should be uploaded as soon as possible. If it is not possible for you to submit your revision in a reasonable amount of time, we may have to consider your paper as a new submission.
Once again, thank you for submitting your manuscript to Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics and I look forward to receiving your revision.
With best regards.
W.Y. Szeto
Editor-in-Chief, Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics
Reviewer(s)' Comments to Author:
Reviewer: 2
Comments to the Author
Thank you. I have no additional comments.
Reviewer: 1
Comments to the Author
The authors have made revisions in accordance with the previous comments. No further comments.
Editor's Comments to Author:
Editor
Comments to the Author:
The literature review is still not up to date. In particular, there are “recent” related papers published in or accepted by Transportmetrica B in 2023-2024 but not cited. Please update the literature review.
把这段话翻译成中文
以下为中文翻译:
尊敬的作者:
您提交给 Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics 的题为 “A Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing Approach for Optimizing Airport Ground Movement” 的稿件已完成评审,审稿意见附在信末。
总体而言,审稿意见对本文的评价是积极的,建议您对稿件进行一些小的修改后再投稿。请您根据这些修改意见进行修订,期待收到您的修改稿。
要提交修改稿,请登录 https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ttrb 并进入您的 Author Center,您会在 “Manuscripts with Decisions” 中看到您的稿件标题。在 “Actions” 一栏,点击 “Create a Revision” 即可。为表示这是修订稿,您的稿件编号后面已添加“R”字样。请在系统所提供的文本框中填写您对审稿人意见的回复,并尽可能详细地说明您对原稿作出的修改。
重要提示:在上传修订稿时,原先的文件将仍然可用。请在完成投稿前删除任何不再需要的文件。
由于我们希望加快对 Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics 投稿论文的出版流程,请您尽早上传修订稿。如果在合理时间内无法提交修订稿,我们可能会将您的论文视为新稿件处理。
再次感谢您向 Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics 投稿,期待收到您的修改稿。
此致敬礼,
W.Y. Szeto
Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics 主编
审稿人意见:
审稿人 2:
致作者:
谢谢。我没有其他意见。
审稿人 1:
致作者:
作者已根据先前意见进行修改。无进一步意见。
编辑意见:
编辑
致作者:
文献综述仍不够完善。特别是,尚未引用 2023-2024 年在 Transportmetrica B 上已发表或已接收的相关“最新”论文。请更新文献综述。
我在研究机场场面的航空器路径规划问题,我的文献综述将现有的方法分为几类,我不知道正确与否,你帮我看看。一类是基于搜索的算法,比如A*、Dijkstra算法、QPPTW、CBS(Conflict-Based Search),这类算法的特点在于他们大多都是在图上不停地进行搜索和回溯,然后得到无冲突的路径。一类是基于学习的算法,主要是通过构建模拟环境,然后让强化学习算法在其中进行学习。还有一类是以前用的比较多的方法,如混合整数线性规划MILP、整数规划、遗传算法等,我不知道这些算法应该归为哪一类,或者他们和前两种都不同,应该归为新的一类?
在学术界常见的分类方式中,一般会按照“求解思路”或“算法范式”来进行区分。基于您的描述,当前文献中常见的几大类可以大致分为:
基于图搜索(Search-based)的算法
基于学习(Learning-based)的算法
基于数值优化或启发式的算法
从“算法范式”或“思路”来看,您可以将MILP/整数规划等放在“基于数学优化(Exact or Mathematical Optimization)”一类,遗传算法等放在“基于启发式/元启发式(Heuristic / Metaheuristics)”一类。但在许多综述中,它们常被合并到一个更大的“优化方法”类别中,因为二者在本质上都是在“优化”框架下求解问题,只是一个偏“精确求解”,另一个偏“启发式搜索”。
如果想要在综述中有更细致的层次,可以将基于混合整数规划等精确方法和基于遗传算法等启发式方法分为两个小节;如果不需要过于详尽的区分,也可以将它们一起称为“基于优化的方法(optimization-based approaches)”来与“搜索-based”及“学习-based”这两类进行对比。
这样在结构上会比较清晰,也能适配主流的文献分类方法。
您可以在自己的综述中根据文章数量、研究重点等实际情况,着重介绍每一类中比较具有代表性的工作,并突出它们在解决冲突、时间窗约束、可扩展性、算法收敛速度等方面的优缺点。这样有助于读者快速了解机场场面路径规划领域各种方法的差异和适用场景。
Optimising Gate assignment and taxiway path in a discrete time–space network: integrated model and state analysis,你去看看这篇文献,总结一下他用了什么方法解决了什么问题,有什么优点和不足
以下是一份对论文 "Optimising Gate assignment and taxiway path in a discrete time–space network: integrated model and state analysis" 的简要分析和总结(基于论文题目与常见研究内容所推断的主流做法,具体细节请以原论文内容为准):
离散时空网络建模(Discrete Time–Space Network)
集成式优化模型(Integrated Model)
状态分析(State Analysis)
计算复杂度较高:
对数据精度与假设的依赖:
适应动态实时变化的难度:
总体而言,该研究通过离散时空网络的方法来集成优化登机口分配与滑行道路径,可在理论上获得全局更优的调度方案。此类方法对大中型机场的枢纽化运营具有一定的应用潜力,可以在战略或战术层面帮助机场管理者做出高效的资源配置决策。
然而,对于大规模实际问题,计算复杂度和模型适用性仍是主要挑战,需要在后续研究中寻找更高效的算法、考虑更多不确定性、并探索实时决策的可行性。
假设你作为SCI期刊transportmetrica b的编辑,正在撰写学术论文,请你把下面这段话翻译成英文:
\citep{liu2023optimising} 提出了(Integrated Model of Gate Assignment and Taxiway Planning, IMGATP)模型,该模型通过整数规划模型,以多商品流形式整合了登机口分配(Gate Assignment, GAP)和滑行路径规划(Taxiway Planning, TP)问题。IMGATP比传统启发式方法提供了更短的滑行时间和更高的登机口利用率。但该模型的计算复杂性高,需要依赖高性能求解器CPLEX,限制了其在大规模动态环境中的应用。
\citep{jiang2023variable}提出了一种可变邻域搜索算法(Variable Neighbourhood Search, VNS)用于解决跑道排序、滑行道调度和登机口重新分配的综合优化。该研究旨在同时优化机场的跑道使用、滑行路径分配和登机口利用率,因此VNS算法需要多次邻域搜索,计算复杂度较高。并且VNS对初始解的质量较为敏感,次优初始解可能导致局部最优。
\citep{beke2024routing}将机场地面运行问题建模为多目标最短路径问题(MSPP),采用非支配排序和拥挤比较选择策略,配合交叉和变异操作生成新解,然后基于单目标Dijkstra算法,对候选解进行局部优化,利用随机加权向量探索多目标权衡。该算法在相对较短的计算时间内,提供了接近Pareto前沿的解集。但随着问题规模的增加计算时间仍显著增长,并且初始解质量对最终解集有较大影响。
\citep{ba2024new}提出了一种结合时间窗的多目标A算法(TMOA),该算法结合了时间窗机制,允许在计算过程中动态调整滑行路径,并有效地避免冲突。算法非常注重对于飞机的动态行为的考虑,例如转弯角度、转弯速度等。虽然在模拟数据中表现优异,但算法的实际应用效果可能受限于机场的布局复杂度和实时数据的精度。
\citep{watteau2024optimizing}使用图形模型来表示机场的布局,并且使用多智能体强化学习(MARL)方法优化机场地面滑行路径。通过次级有向图和强化学习的结合,飞机能够避免不符合要求的路径(如转弯角度过大),并且能动态调整速度,确保按时到达目的地。这篇文章使用图来表示机场布局,但却只用向量表示特征,这在一定程度上浪费了图强大的信息表示能力。并且在观察空间中并没有包含其它智能体的信息,在多智能体协同方面考虑不足。
\citep{liu2023optimising} proposed an Integrated Model of Gate Assignment and Taxiway Planning (IMGATP), which formulates the Gate Assignment (GAP) and Taxiway Planning (TP) problems in the form of a multi-commodity flow under an integer programming framework. Compared with conventional heuristic methods, IMGATP achieves shorter taxi times and higher gate utilization. However, it exhibits high computational complexity and relies on the high-performance solver CPLEX, which constrains its applicability in large-scale and dynamic environments.
\citep{jiang2023variable} introduced a Variable Neighbourhood Search (VNS) algorithm to solve the integrated optimization of runway sequencing, taxiway scheduling, and gate reassignment. The study aims to simultaneously optimize runway usage, taxiway assignment, and gate utilization. Consequently, VNS involves multiple neighbourhood searches, resulting in relatively high computational complexity. Moreover, the performance of VNS is sensitive to the quality of the initial solution, and a suboptimal initial solution may lead to local optima.
\citep{beke2024routing} formulated airport ground operations as a Multi-Objective Shortest Path Problem (MSPP). The proposed approach employs non-dominated sorting and a crowding comparison strategy, coupled with crossover and mutation operations, to generate new solutions. A single-objective Dijkstra algorithm is then used for local optimization of candidate solutions, with random weighting vectors facilitating the exploration of trade-offs among multiple objectives. This method yields solution sets close to the Pareto front within relatively short computation times; however, the computational time increases markedly as the problem size grows, and the quality of the initial solutions has a substantial impact on the final outcome.
\citep{ba2024new} proposed a multi-objective A* algorithm with time windows (TMOA*), incorporating a time window mechanism to dynamically adjust taxi routes and effectively avoid conflicts during the computation process. The algorithm pays close attention to aircraft dynamics, such as turning angles and speeds. Although it performs well in simulation scenarios, its real-world applicability may be limited by the complexity of airport layouts and the accuracy of real-time data.
\citep{watteau2024optimizing} employed a graph-based model to represent the airport layout and adopted a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) method to optimize airport ground taxiing paths. By integrating a secondary directed graph with reinforcement learning, aircraft can avoid unsuitable paths (e.g., those involving excessive turning angles) and can dynamically adjust speeds to ensure on-time arrivals. Notably, while the airport layout is represented as a graph, the features are encoded merely as vectors, which partially underutilizes the rich representational power of graphs. In addition, information regarding other agents is not included in the observation space, indicating insufficient consideration of multi-agent coordination.
The literature review is still not up to date. In particular, there are “recent” related papers published in or accepted by Transportmetrica B in 2023-2024 but not cited. Please update the literature review.
编辑给我这个意见,我该怎么做?
编辑的要求是让您在文献综述(literature review)部分更新或补充对近两年(2023~2024年)相关文献,尤其是发表(或已接受)在 Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics 上的工作进行讨论和引用。要回应该意见,您可以按照以下步骤进行:
在 Transportmetrica B 上检索相关最新文献:
甄别与您研究主题相关的文献:
阅读并在合适的地方补充引用和讨论:
在回复编辑和审稿人的“Response Letter”或“Revision Comments”中说明:
对文献综述进行整体润色和审阅:
通过上述步骤,您既能体现对审稿和编辑意见的尊重,也能让论文的文献综述更全面、符合期刊的最新研究趋势,从而增强论文的学术价值和与期刊读者群的关联度。
\citep{liu2023optimising} proposed an Integrated Model of Gate Assignment and Taxiway Planning (IMGATP), which formulates the Gate Assignment (GAP) and Taxiway Planning (TP) problems in the form of a multi-commodity flow under an integer programming framework. Compared with conventional heuristic methods, IMGATP achieves shorter taxi times and higher gate utilization. However, it exhibits high computational complexity and relies on the high-performance solver CPLEX, which constrains its applicability in large-scale and dynamic environments.
这段还能润色一下吗
Liu et al. \citep{liu2023optimising} introduced an Integrated Model of Gate Assignment and Taxiway Planning (IMGATP), which formulates the Gate Assignment (GAP) and Taxiway Planning (TP) problems as a multi-commodity flow under an integer programming framework. Compared with conventional heuristic methods, this integrated approach achieves shorter taxi times and higher gate utilization. However, it also exhibits significant computational complexity and relies on the high-performance solver CPLEX, thereby limiting its applicability in large-scale and dynamic environments.
\citep{liu2023optimising} proposed an Integrated Model of Gate Assignment and Taxiway Planning (IMGATP), which formulates the Gate Assignment (GAP) and Taxiway Planning (TP) problems in the form of a multi-commodity flow under an integer programming framework. Compared with conventional heuristic methods, IMGATP achieves shorter taxi times and higher gate utilization. However, it exhibits high computational complexity and relies on the high-performance solver CPLEX, which constrains its applicability in large-scale and dynamic environments.
\citep{jiang2023variable} introduced a Variable Neighbourhood Search (VNS) algorithm to solve the integrated optimization of runway sequencing, taxiway scheduling, and gate reassignment. The study aims to simultaneously optimize runway usage, taxiway assignment, and gate utilization. Consequently, VNS involves multiple neighbourhood searches, resulting in relatively high computational complexity. Moreover, the performance of VNS is sensitive to the quality of the initial solution, and a suboptimal initial solution may lead to local optima.
\citep{beke2024routing} formulated airport ground operations as a Multi-Objective Shortest Path Problem (MSPP). The proposed approach employs non-dominated sorting and a crowding comparison strategy, coupled with crossover and mutation operations, to generate new solutions. A single-objective Dijkstra algorithm is then used for local optimization of candidate solutions, with random weighting vectors facilitating the exploration of trade-offs among multiple objectives. This method yields solution sets close to the Pareto front within relatively short computation times; however, the computational time increases markedly as the problem size grows, and the quality of the initial solutions has a substantial impact on the final outcome.
\citep{ba2024new} proposed a multi-objective A* algorithm with time windows (TMOA*), incorporating a time window mechanism to dynamically adjust taxi routes and effectively avoid conflicts during the computation process. The algorithm pays close attention to aircraft dynamics, such as turning angles and speeds. Although it performs well in simulation scenarios, its real-world applicability may be limited by the complexity of airport layouts and the accuracy of real-time data.
\citep{watteau2024optimizing} employed a graph-based model to represent the airport layout and adopted a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) method to optimize airport ground taxiing paths. By integrating a secondary directed graph with reinforcement learning, aircraft can avoid unsuitable paths (e.g., those involving excessive turning angles) and can dynamically adjust speeds to ensure on-time arrivals. Notably, while the airport layout is represented as a graph, the features are encoded merely as vectors, which partially underutilizes the rich representational power of graphs. In addition, information regarding other agents is not included in the observation space, indicating insufficient consideration of multi-agent coordination.
把这5段都润色一下
Paragraph 1
\citep{liu2023optimising} proposed an Integrated Model of Gate Assignment and Taxiway Planning (IMGATP), which frames the Gate Assignment (GAP) and Taxiway Planning (TP) problems as a multi-commodity flow under an integer programming framework. This integrated approach achieves shorter taxi times and higher gate utilization compared with traditional heuristic methods. However, it also involves high computational complexity and depends on the high-performance solver CPLEX, thus limiting its applicability in large-scale and dynamic settings.
Paragraph 2
\citep{jiang2023variable} introduced a Variable Neighbourhood Search (VNS) algorithm to address the integrated optimization of runway sequencing, taxiway scheduling, and gate reassignment. The study concurrently optimizes runway usage, taxiway assignment, and gate utilization, necessitating multiple neighbourhood searches that increase computational complexity. Additionally, the algorithm’s performance is sensitive to the initial solution; a suboptimal starting point may result in convergence to local optima.
Paragraph 3
\citep{beke2024routing} formulated airport ground operations as a Multi-Objective Shortest Path Problem (MSPP). The proposed approach employs non-dominated sorting and crowding comparison strategies, in combination with crossover and mutation operations, to generate candidate solutions. A single-objective Dijkstra algorithm is then used for local optimization, with random weighting vectors facilitating the exploration of multiple objectives. Although this method yields solutions close to the Pareto front in relatively short computation times, its runtime grows significantly as the problem size increases, and the quality of the initial solutions critically affects the final outcomes.
Paragraph 4
\citep{ba2024new} presented a multi-objective A* algorithm with time windows (TMOA*), incorporating a time-window mechanism to dynamically adjust taxi routes and effectively avoid conflicts during computation. The algorithm carefully accounts for aircraft dynamics such as turning angles and speeds, and has demonstrated robust performance in simulation scenarios. Nonetheless, its real-world applicability may be constrained by the complexity of airport layouts and the accuracy of real-time data.
Paragraph 5
\citep{watteau2024optimizing} employed a graph-based model to represent the airport layout and adopted a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) method to optimize ground taxiing paths. By combining a secondary directed graph with reinforcement learning, aircraft can avoid unsuitable paths (e.g., those involving sharp turning angles) and adjust speeds dynamically to ensure on-time arrivals. However, although the layout is modeled as a graph, the features are encoded only as vectors, thereby underutilizing the representational capacity of graph structures. Moreover, the observation space excludes information about other agents, indicating limited consideration of multi-agent coordination.
13-Jan-2025
Dear Mr Yang:
Your manuscript entitled "A Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing Approach for Optimizing Airport Ground Movement" which you submitted to Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics, has been reviewed. The reviewer comments are included at the bottom of this letter.
The reviews are in general favourable and suggest that, subject to minor revisions, your paper could be suitable for publication. Please consider these suggestions, and I look forward to receiving your revision.
To submit the revision, log into https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ttrb and enter your Author Center, where you will find your manuscript title listed under "Manuscripts with Decisions." Under "Actions," click on "Create a Revision." Your manuscript number has been appended to denote a revision. Please enter your responses to the comments made by the reviewer(s) in the space provided. You can use this space to document any changes you made to the original manuscript. Please be as specific as possible in your response to the reviewer(s).
IMPORTANT: Your original files are available to you when you upload your revised manuscript. Please delete any redundant files before completing the submission.
Because we are trying to facilitate timely publication of manuscripts submitted to Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics, your revised manuscript should be uploaded as soon as possible. If it is not possible for you to submit your revision in a reasonable amount of time, we may have to consider your paper as a new submission.
Once again, thank you for submitting your manuscript to Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics and I look forward to receiving your revision.
With best regards.
W.Y. Szeto
Editor-in-Chief, Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics
Reviewer(s)' Comments to Author:
Reviewer: 2
Comments to the Author
Thank you. I have no additional comments.
Reviewer: 1
Comments to the Author
The authors have made revisions in accordance with the previous comments. No further comments.
Editor's Comments to Author:
Editor
Comments to the Author:
The literature review is still not up to date. In particular, there are “recent” related papers published in or accepted by Transportmetrica B in 2023-2024 but not cited. Please update the literature review.
这种审稿意见该怎么回复,Reviewer: 2和Reviewer: 1都没有实质性的意见,只有编辑让增添一点参考文献,我还需要对Reviewer逐个表示感谢吗?
在回复审稿意见时,通常都会对所有审稿人(包括没有实质性意见或“无意见”的审稿人)以及编辑逐一表达感谢和回应。虽然有的审稿人没有提出新的修改要求,但出于礼貌和学术交流的惯例,仍然应该在回复信(Response Letter)里简要表示感谢。具体建议如下:
感谢所有审稿人和编辑
单独回应“无进一步意见”的审稿人
即使审稿人 1 和审稿人 2 都没有新的意见,您也可以简要写一两句话致谢。例如:
Response to Reviewer 1:
Thank you very much for your positive feedback. We appreciate that you found no further issues with our revision.
Response to Reviewer 2:
Thank you for your time and for confirming that you have no additional comments.
重点回应编辑对文献更新的意见
文献列表示例
In response to the Editor’s comment regarding the inclusion of recent works from Transportmetrica B (2023–2024), we have added the following relevant references to Section X of our revised manuscript:
- [Reference 1: …]
- [Reference 2: …]
- …
保持礼貌与简洁
示范性(简略)回复结构示例:
Response to the Editor and Reviewers
We would like to sincerely thank the Editor and all Reviewers for their time and invaluable feedback, which helped us improve the quality of our manuscript. Below are our point-by-point responses to the Editor’s comment as well as acknowledgments to the Reviewers.
Response to the Editor
Comment: “The literature review is still not up to date. In particular, there are ‘recent’ related papers published in or accepted by Transportmetrica B in 2023-2024 but not cited. Please update the literature review.”Answer: Thank you for bringing this to our attention. We have thoroughly reviewed the latest issues of Transportmetrica B from 2023–2024 and identified several papers that are closely related to our work (see Refs. [X, Y, Z]). We have now included and discussed these references in Section 2 (Literature Review) of the revised manuscript (marked in red text). These additions strengthen our discussion on the most recent developments and position our research within the current state of the art.
Response to Reviewer 1
Thank you for your positive feedback and for confirming that our revisions address your previous concerns. We appreciate your support of our submission.Response to Reviewer 2
We appreciate your confirmation that you have no additional comments at this stage. Thank you for taking the time to review our manuscript.We hope that our revisions and additional references adequately address the Editor’s comment. Please let us know if further clarifications are needed.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
总之,虽然 Reviewer 1 和 Reviewer 2 没有新的实质性意见,但仍然要在回复中向他们简单表达感谢。对编辑提出的文献更新要求则需要重点说明如何进行了补充与修改,并在相应的文本中标明修订内容。这样做符合学术礼仪,也便于编辑和审稿人快速核对您是否确实完成了修改。
Thank you for bringing this to our attention. We have thoroughly reviewed the latest issues of Transportmetrica B from 2023–2024 and identified several papers that are closely related to our work (see Liu, Guo, and Yu 2023; Jiang et al. 2023). 除此之外,我们还补充了一些最新的参考文献,如(Beke et al. 2024; Ba et al. 2024; Watteau, Ghazi, and Botez 2024).
We have now included and discussed these references in 2 Literature Review of the revised manuscript (marked in yellow text). These additions strengthen our discussion on the most recent developments and position our research within the current state of the art.
翻译成中文并加以润色和修改
感谢您指出这一问题。我们仔细检索了 2023–2024 年间在 Transportmetrica B 期刊上发表的最新文献,并发现与本研究密切相关的数篇论文(例如 Liu, Guo, and Yu 2023;Jiang et al. 2023)。此外,我们还补充了其它近期的重要文献,如 (Beke et al. 2024; Ba et al. 2024; Watteau, Ghazi, and Botez 2024)。
在修订稿的第 2 节(“文献综述”)中,我们已将这些参考文献纳入讨论,并以黄色标出相关内容。这些补充不仅强化了我们对最新研究进展的综述,也使本研究在现有文献框架中得到更好的定位。
我说错了,翻译成英文并加以润色和修改
Thank you for pointing this out. We have carefully reviewed recent publications in Transportmetrica B from 2023–2024 and identified several studies closely related to our work (e.g., Liu, Guo, and Yu 2023; Jiang et al. 2023). In addition, we have incorporated several other recent references, such as Beke et al. (2024), Ba et al. (2024), and Watteau, Ghazi, and Botez (2024).
We have discussed these references in Section 2 (“Literature Review”) of the revised manuscript, highlighting the relevant additions in yellow. These updates not only enhance our review of the latest developments, but also position our study more effectively within the existing literature.
Nov. 2, 2024
Dear Dr. Szeto:
Thank you for giving me the opportunity to submit a revised draft of my manuscript titled “A Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing Approach for Optimizing Airport Ground Movement”(ID: TTRB-2024-0132) to Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics. We appreciate the time and effort that you and the reviewers have dedicated to providing your valuable feedback on my manuscript. We are grateful to the reviewers for their insightful comments on my paper. We have been able to incorporate changes to reflect most of the suggestions provided by the reviewers. We have highlighted the changes within the manuscript.
Here is a point-by-point response to the reviewers’ comments and concerns.
Response to the Editor:
Comment: The literature review is still not up to date. In particular, there are “recent” related papers published in or accepted by Transportmetrica B in 2023-2024 but not cited. Please update the literature review.
Response: Thank you for bringing this to our attention. We have carefully reviewed recent publications in Transportmetrica B from 2023–2024 and identified several studies closely related to our work (e.g., Liu, Guo, and Yu 2023; Jiang et al. 2023). In addition, we have incorporated several other recent references, such as Beke et al. (2024), Ba et al. (2024), and Watteau, Ghazi, and Botez (2024). We have discussed these references in Section 2 (“Literature Review”) of the revised manuscript, highlighting the relevant additions in yellow. These updates not only enhance our review of the latest developments, but also position our study more effectively within the existing literature.
Reviewer 1:
Comment: The authors have made revisions in accordance with the previous comments. No further comments.
Response: Thank you very much for your positive feedback. We appreciate your support of our submission.
Reviewer 2:
Comment: Thank you. I have no additional comments.
Response: We appreciate your confirmation that you have no additional comments at this stage. Thank you for taking the time to review our manuscript.
We hope that our revisions and additional references adequately address the Editor’s comment. Please let us know if further clarifications are needed.
Best regards,
Hong Liu
整体看一下,有没有什么写错的地方
整体而言,这封回信的结构和内容都非常清晰、得体,能够很好地回应编辑和审稿人的意见。不过,如果要让文本更加规范和一致,还可以做以下几点改进或注意:
第一人称的使用要统一
Thank you for giving us the opportunity to submit a revised draft of our manuscript titled “…”
开头日期与称呼
段落用语的顺畅性
Thank you for giving us the opportunity to resubmit our revised manuscript, titled “A Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing Approach for Optimizing Airport Ground Movement” (ID: TTRB-2024-0132), to Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics. We appreciate the time and effort that you and the reviewers have dedicated to providing invaluable feedback.
回应意见的层次
结尾签名
突出修订位置
除以上几点小的优化建议外,整体内容与结构并没有任何实质性错误或缺陷。祝您投稿顺利,早日获得期刊接受。
With best regards.
W.Y. Szeto
Editor-in-Chief, Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics
这是对方的落款,我回复的称呼有没有问题?
另外,日期要修改到今天
或者使用另一种格式:
具体格式视个人或期刊偏好而定,只要保持一致即可。
Has this manuscript been submitted previously to this journal?
我回复reviewer的意见,提交新版本,有必要选择这个选项吗
在大多数同行评审系统(例如 ScholarOne Manuscripts)中,当编辑让您“Create a Revision”并上传修订稿时,通常不需要重复回答“Has this manuscript been submitted previously to this journal?”这一类问题,因为系统已将您的稿件识别为“修订稿(Revision)”而不是新投稿。
因此,如果您只是按照编辑指示,在原稿件记录下提交修订稿,那么一般不必再额外勾选“Has this manuscript been submitted previously to this journal?”或做特殊说明。系统会自动把该版本与之前的投稿记录关联起来。
22-Jan-2025
Dear Mr Yang:
Ref: A Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing Approach for Optimizing Airport Ground Movement
Our referees have now considered your paper and have recommended publication in Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics. We are pleased to accept your paper in its current form which will now be forwarded to the publisher for copy editing and typesetting. The reviewer comments are included at the bottom of this letter.
You will receive proofs for checking, and instructions for transfer of copyright in due course.
The publisher also requests that proofs are checked and returned within 48 hours of receipt.
Thank you for your contribution to Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics and we look forward to receiving further submissions from you.
With best regards.
W.Y. Szeto
Editor-in-Chief, Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics
Reviewer(s)' Comments to Author:
Editor's Comments to Author:
Editor
Comments to the Author:
(There are no comments.)
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翻译成中文
以下是对该信件的中文翻译:
2025年1月22日
杨先生您好:
稿件编号/标题:A Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing Approach for Optimizing Airport Ground Movement
我们的审稿人已审阅了您的论文,并推荐在 Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics 上发表。我们很高兴地通知您,您的论文已被接受,且我们会将其发送给出版社进行编辑和排版。审稿意见附在此信末。
稍后,您将收到清样(proof)以供校对,以及有关版权转移的具体说明。
根据出版方的要求,请您在收到清样后,于48小时内完成核对并反馈。
感谢您对 Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics 所作的贡献,我们期待您未来的再次投稿。
此致敬礼,
W.Y. Szeto
Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics 主编
审稿人对作者的意见:
(无评论)
编辑对作者的意见:
(编辑:无评论)
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在神经网络出现之前,强化学习是怎么训练的
在神经网络尚未广泛应用或未成为主流之前,强化学习(Reinforcement Learning, RL)主要依赖非神经网络的策略和价值函数表示来进行训练,核心思想仍然是“基于与环境交互所收集的回报信号,不断更新策略或价值估计”,但在方法和实现上会与现代深度RL有显著不同。以下是主要思路和方法的简要概述:
基于表格(Tabular)的方法
基于线性或其他简单函数近似
依赖有限状态和动作空间
迭代式更新与探索-利用机制
示例:TD-Gammon
小结:在“深度神经网络”流行之前,强化学习主要使用表格方法和简易函数近似(线性、基函数等)来进行价值或策略的更新。这些方法非常依赖状态空间规模的大小。当状态空间不大时,表格法能高效、精确地学习价值函数;当状态空间变大时,则必须使用线性或其他简单的函数近似来减少存储和计算需求。随着神经网络技术和硬件算力的进步,大规模、高维的强化学习问题才逐渐能够用深度学习方法来解决,从而推动了深度强化学习的迅猛发展。
Q-learning和SASA的原文的完整标题是什么?
以下是 Q-learning 和 SARSA 最常被引用并公认的“原始”或最早期发表版本的参考文献及其完整标题。需要注意的是,强化学习领域中“最早的”文献有时会包含博士论文、技术报告或先期会议论文,正式发表的期刊版本或书本中引用的名字与最初文献可能略有差别;但一般研究者通常引用以下文献作为 Q-learning 与 SARSA 的主要出处。
博士论文版本
期刊论文版本
在实践中,如果需要引用 Q-learning,通常使用 Watkins & Dayan (1992) 的期刊论文;若需引用 SARSA,则常用 Rummery & Niranjan (1994) 的技术报告或者 Sutton & Barto (1998) 书中的相关章节(其中正式给出了“SARSA”这个名称)。
Q-learning的原文中就提出了用表格存储状态吗?
是的,Watkins 在其最初提出 Q-learning 的博士论文(1989)和后续与 Dayan 合作的期刊论文(1992)中,主要是针对离散且有限的状态-动作空间来展开论述的,因此在实现时最直接的方法就是使用表格(tabular)来存储不同状态-动作对(state-action pair)的 Q 值。
因此,最早的 Q-learning 方法确实是基于表格的离散版本,在每个可辨别的状态-动作对上都存储一个数值并进行迭代更新。随着研究的不断发展,才逐渐出现了针对大规模或连续状态空间的函数近似版本(如线性近似、神经网络等)。
Q-learning原文中用的是蒙特卡洛还是时序差分的方法?
在 Watkins(1989)以及 Watkins & Dayan(1992)关于 Q-learning 的原始文献中,Q-learning 被归类为时序差分(Temporal Difference, TD)方法,而非蒙特卡洛(Monte Carlo)方法。其更新公式即体现了典型的 TD 学习思路:在每一步交互后,立即使用从下一时刻获得的奖励和对后续状态-动作对的价值估计来更新当前 Q 值,而不需要像蒙特卡洛方法那样等待完整回合结束后才能进行更新。
简要对比:
因此,Q-learning 在最初提出时就是基于时序差分的强化学习方法。
那蒙特卡洛方法、动态规划(如价值迭代、策略迭代),这些方法又是谁在什么时候,在哪篇论文中提出的呢?
在强化学习与马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)相关的早期研究中,蒙特卡洛方法、动态规划(价值迭代、策略迭代等)并不像 Q-learning 那样有“单一或唯一”的起源论文,而是随着不同学者在不同时期对 MDP 理论与算法的研究而逐步发展形成。下面从历史脉络的角度做一个简要介绍,并列出关键参考文献。
Bellman, R. (1957). Dynamic Programming. Princeton University Press.
这是公认的动态规划(Dynamic Programming, DP)在决策过程领域的奠基性著作。Bellman 系统阐述了通过“将问题分解为子问题”并利用“最优性原理”来求解序贯决策问题的方法论。
Bellman 早在 1950 年代发表的多篇论文中,就提出了针对马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)的动态规划思想及“贝尔曼方程”(Bellman equation),为后续“价值迭代(Value Iteration)”“策略迭代(Policy Iteration)”等方法奠定了理论基础。
SARSA算法有什么特点?相较于Q-Learning做了什么改进?
SARSA(其名称来自 State–Action–Reward–State–Action 的首字母)是一种基于时序差分(Temporal Difference, TD)的方法,用于在马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)下进行策略学习。与 Q-learning 相比,SARSA 的主要区别和特点集中在以下方面:
On-policy 与 Off-policy 的区别
更新公式上的差异
行为与目标策略的统一
安全性与探索
应用与收敛
深度强化学习的发展历程
深度强化学习(Deep Reinforcement Learning, DRL)的发展既源于强化学习在理论和算法方面的长期积累,也受益于深度学习(Deep Learning)在大规模数据、计算硬件和网络结构等方面的进步。它大致经历了以下几个重要阶段:
深度学习的兴起(2006年前后)
DeepMind 团队与 DQN(2013–2015)
策略梯度与 Actor-Critic 方法
更稳定、更高效的优化:TRPO、PPO 等(2015–2017)
AlphaGo 系列与自对弈(2016起)
多智能体强化学习(Multi-agent RL)
元强化学习(Meta-RL)与自适应性
离线强化学习(Offline RL / Batch RL)
强化学习在现实工业与科学领域的落地
介绍一下Double DQN、DuelingDQN、分层DQN的思想,及其原文和作者
以下内容简要介绍 Double DQN、Dueling DQN 和 分层DQN(Hierarchical DQN)的核心思想、改进动机及其主要参考文献(原文和作者)。
(注:除了上述工作外,还有一些同类分层方法,如 FeUdal Networks (Vezhnevets et al., 2017) 等。)
这些方法都在 DQN 的基础上做了不同维度的改进,旨在提高训练的稳定性、加快学习速度或拓展可处理的任务规模与复杂度。
介绍一下AlphaGo的思想,意义,原文及作者
AlphaGo 是 Google DeepMind 团队于 2016 年左右推出的围棋人工智能系统,首次在正式比赛中战胜了顶尖人类棋手李世石九段(2016年3月),引发了全球轰动。它采用了深度学习与蒙特卡洛树搜索(Monte Carlo Tree Search, MCTS)相结合的方式,在围棋这个极其复杂、状态空间庞大的博弈上取得突破性成功。下面从思想、意义以及原始论文等方面进行介绍。
策略网络(Policy Network)
价值网络(Value Network)
蒙特卡洛树搜索(MCTS)
结合监督学习与强化学习
在复杂博弈中的重大突破
推动人工智能研究
引发广泛关注与讨论
主要作者和团队:
AlphaGo 由 Google DeepMind(后称为 DeepMind)团队研发,核心作者包括 David Silver, Aja Huang, Chris Maddison, Arthur Guez, Laurent Sifre, George van den Driessche, Julian Schrittwieser, Ioannis Antonoglou, Veda Panneershelvam, and Demis Hassabis 等。
原始论文:
Nature 2016 (AlphaGo 对职业棋手的论文)
Nature 2017 (AlphaGo Zero)
Nature 2018 (AlphaZero)
介绍一下A2C、A3C、TRPO、PPO的思想、意义、原文及作者
下面从背景、核心思想、意义和主要参考文献几个方面,介绍四个在强化学习中常被使用的策略梯度/Actor-Critic系列算法:A2C、A3C、TRPO 和 PPO。
核心思想
优势函数(Advantage)的引入
原文及作者
核心思想
意义
参考
动机
具体做法
原文及作者
意义
动机
PPO 的目标函数
原文及作者
意义
A2C / A3C
TRPO
PPO
这些算法都在强化学习“策略梯度 / Actor-Critic”的大框架内演化,致力于在实际任务中提升训练稳定性、效率和可扩展性,为深度强化学习在机器人控制、游戏AI、自然语言处理等领域的应用铺平道路。
PPO之后深度强化学习还有什么亮眼的发展吗?
自 PPO(2017 年左右)问世以来,深度强化学习并未停滞,仍在多个方向取得了亮眼的进展。下面简要概括几个主要方向及其代表成果:
TD3(Twin Delayed DDPG)
SAC(Soft Actor-Critic)
IMPALA (Importance Weighted Actor-Learner Architectures)
SEED RL、R2D2、V-MPO 等
AlphaZero / MuZero
PlaNet / Dreamer 系列
Decision Transformer (2021)
Gato (2022)
StarCraft II、Dota2 自对弈
Social AI / Multi-Agent Cooperation
说一下多智能体强化学习的发展历程和期间的标志性成果
多智能体强化学习(Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning, MARL)是强化学习在多智能体环境下的扩展,用于解决多个智能体之间相互作用、协作或对抗所带来的复杂决策问题。其发展伴随着强化学习整体的演进,经历了从基于表格到函数近似,再到深度学习阶段的飞跃。下面从发展历程与标志性成果两方面做简要梳理。
博弈论和合作/对抗场景
典型早期工作
主要局限
函数近似的引入
合作、对抗与通信
标志性论文和思想
深度强化学习的普及
集中式训练-分散式执行(CTDE)
代表性成果
价值分解方法
StarCraft Micromanagement、SMAC 环境
多智能体对抗与团队竞技
大型复杂环境与分布式训练
元学习与自适应
多智能体通信与图神经网络
真实应用
学术创新
工业与现实应用
挑战与未来
Multiagent cooperation and competition with deep reinforcement learning,阅读并总结一下这篇文章
以下内容基于对论文 “Multiagent cooperation and competition with deep reinforcement learning” 的阅读与理解进行整理(该论文常被引用为 “Multi-Agent Actor-Critic for Mixed Cooperative-Competitive Environments”,作者包括 Ryan Lowe, Yi Wu, Aviv Tamar, Jean Harb, Pieter Abbeel, Igor Mordatch,最初发表于 2017 年)。概括而言,论文聚焦在多智能体环境下如何同时应对合作(cooperative)与对抗(competitive)的场景,提出了一个基于深度强化学习的通用框架 MADDPG(Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient)。
在多智能体(multi-agent)环境中,智能体之间可能存在多种交互关系:包括纯合作、纯对抗,或更常见的既合作又竞争的混合关系。然而,传统单智能体强化学习方法在多智能体环境中往往面临环境非平稳(non-stationary)与部分可观测(partially observable)的难题:
此前已有一些多智能体强化学习(MARL)工作提出了中心化的训练方法、联合动作值函数等,但在高维连续动作空间或混合合作对抗环境下的通用性仍需提升。
作者提出了 Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) 算法,核心思想遵循集中式训练、分散式执行(Centralized Training, Decentralized Execution, CTDE)的思路:
分散式 Actor(执行时)
中心化 Critic(训练时)
训练流程
论文在多种环境和场景中验证了 MADDPG 的有效性,包括:
协作场景(cooperative)
对抗场景(competitive)
混合场景(mixed)
实验结果显示,相较于传统独立式训练或完全联合训练,MADDPG 在收敛速度、策略稳定性上均有明显优势,尤其对于高维、连续动作空间的多智能体问题有良好的适应性。
统一处理合作与对抗环境
强调集中式训练-分散式执行(CTDE)
启示后续研究
应用场景
该论文通过在深度确定性策略梯度 (DDPG) 的基础上引入多智能体 Actor-Critic 结构,提出了 MADDPG 算法,成功应对了混合型多智能体环境中非平稳、连续动作和合作/对抗并存等挑战。其集中式训练、分散式执行(CTDE)理念在随后多智能体强化学习的研究和应用中被广泛采用,成为多智能体深度强化学习的里程碑工作之一。
QIMX、MAPPO、COMA、MADDPG,介绍一下这些算法的思想、意义、原文及作者
下面从背景、核心思想、意义和主要参考文献四个方面,分别介绍 QMIX、MAPPO、COMA 和 MADDPG 这四种在多智能体强化学习(MARL)领域常被引用的算法。
这四种算法围绕多智能体的“价值分解(QMIX)、集中式训练-去中心化执行(COMA/MADDPG/MAPPO)、信用分配”等核心挑战展开,代表了多智能体深度强化学习在不同任务类型(离散/连续、合作/对抗)的经典思路与里程碑成果。
再介绍一下独立DNQ
独立DQN(Independent DQN,或称 Independent Q-Learning when using Q-learning updates) 是多智能体环境中一个相对简单、直接的基准方法,思想在于:** 将每个智能体都当作一个独立的单智能体**来处理,分别使用 DQN(或 Q-learning)进行训练,而不显式地考虑其他智能体的存在和策略变化。下面从背景、核心思想、意义与局限、及参考文献几个角度进行介绍。
单智能体视角
忽略多智能体间相互作用的非平稳性
简洁易实现
独立DQN(Independent DQN) 即在多智能体环境中让每个智能体都独立执行 DQN 学习,不做额外的多智能体信息整合或建模,被视为多智能体强化学习的“最简单形式”基线。
它实现容易,但在面对非平稳和协作/对抗需求时往往力不从心。然而,Independent DQN 在实践中仍是实验初期用来验证概念或作为对照基线的重要方法,有助于衡量更加先进的多智能体算法(如 QMIX、MADDPG、MAPPO、COMA)所带来的改进幅度。
Independent Q-learning(IQL)原文?
“Independent Q-learning (IQL)”并非在某一篇“正式”论文中作为独立算法提出,而是社区对一种最简单的多智能体学习做法(让每个智能体都独立运行 Q-learning)所形成的约定俗成的称呼。要追溯其“源头”或最早系统讨论,一般会引用以下两篇早期文献:
Michael Tan (1993).
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: Independent vs. Cooperative Agents.
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), pp. 330–337.
这是多智能体强化学习早期的经典论文之一,其中将多个智能体各自独立地使用强化学习(Q-learning)与协作式强化学习做了对比实验,提出了在多智能体环境下单纯“独立学习”和“共享信息”两种不同思路,是后来“Independent Q-learning”最常被追溯的起点之一。
Caroline Claus & Craig Boutilier (1998).
The Dynamics of Reinforcement Learning in Cooperative Multiagent Systems.
Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 746–752.
该工作探讨了多智能体强化学习中的“联合动作学习(joint-action learning)”与“独立学习(independent learning)”之差异,明确指出在多智能体协作环境下,若每个智能体仅将其他智能体当作环境的一部分去独立学习 Q 函数,会面临环境非平稳等问题。此后,社区逐渐将这种各自独立运行 Q-learning(或 DQN)的模式称作 “Independent Q-learning (IQL)”。
有没有关于深度强化学习,或者多智能体深度强化学习在路径规划方面的应用的标志性研究成果,或者讲讲发展历程?
以下是对深度强化学习(DRL)、多智能体深度强化学习(MARL)在路径规划(Path Planning)方面应用的概述,以及其发展历程中较具代表性或具有启示意义的研究方向。
需要说明的是,尽管在围棋等领域出现了“AlphaGo”这样极具里程碑意义的成果,但在纯粹的路径规划或多智能体路径规划领域,还没有同等程度的“全民皆知”的标志性成果。不过,一些研究在学术界或特定应用场景(如机器人、无人机编队、自动驾驶等)中具有重要影响,体现了该方向的潜力与挑战。
传统RL在路径规划中的应用(1990s - 2000s)
早期机器人基于RL的导航
深度RL兴起与导航任务
基于采样与学习的结合
当需要多个智能体(如多机器人、多无人机、多车辆)在同一空间中协作或避免冲突时,路径规划的复杂度大幅提升。多智能体深度强化学习为此提供了新思路。
多无人机(UAV)或移动机器人编队
多智能体路径查找(MAPF)问题
协同与对抗场景
虽然尚未有“AlphaGo”级别的轰动案例,但以下方向值得关注:
分层或混合规划(Hierarchical / Hybrid Planning)
自主驾驶中的多车协同规划
多机器人系统与仓储物流
无人机集群编队与灾害救援
可扩展性与安全性
真实部署与仿真差距
与传统规划/优化的结合
深度强化学习及多智能体强化学习在路径规划领域的研究仍在快速发展。虽然尚无像 AlphaGo 一样家喻户晓的“单点突破”成果,但在机器人、无人机、自动驾驶、仓储物流等场景下已有众多富有启示性或实用性的进展。当前研究趋势主要集中在可扩展性、安全性、与传统规划相融合等方面,力图在真实复杂环境中取得鲁棒而高效的路径规划策略。随着硬件、算法和仿真技术的不断进步,该领域有望在未来出现更具标志性的突破与落地应用。
Zhu, Y., Mottaghi, R., Kolve, E., Lim, J. J., Gupta, A., Fei-Fei, L., & Farhadi, A. (2017). “Target-driven visual navigation in indoor scenes using deep reinforcement learning.” ICRA.
Mirowski, P., Grimes, M., Malinowski, M., et al. (2017). “Learning to navigate in complex environments.” ICLR.
Faust, A., et al. (2018). “PRM-RL: Long-range Robotic Navigation Tasks by Combining Reinforcement Learning and Sampling-based Planning.” ICRA/RSS.
Rashid, T., Samvelyan, M., De Witt, C. S., et al. (2018). “QMIX: Monotonic Value Function Factorisation for Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning.” ICML (尽管主要是合作 MARL,但可用于多机器人协同路径规划)。
Lowe, R., Wu, Y., Tamar, A., et al. (2017). “Multi-Agent Actor-Critic for Mixed Cooperative-Competitive Environments.” NeurIPS (MADDPG,常见于多无人机或多车辆编队场景)。
介绍一下这5篇论文,把他们写成文献综述
下面给出一份简要的文献综述,聚焦于深度强化学习在视觉导航与多智能体环境中的研究进展。所选文献包括在室内场景中进行目标导向导航、复合环境中的复杂导航、将采样式规划与强化学习结合的长距离导航、多智能体Q值分解方法以及多智能体混合合作-竞争环境下的Actor-Critic方法。此综述既涵盖了单智能体场景,也引入了多智能体协同与对抗场景下的研究,为后续路径规划和导航的研究提供参考。
Zhu 等人在 2017 年的 ICRA 会议上提出了针对室内场景的目标导向视觉导航(target-driven visual navigation)方法。这项工作通过深度强化学习(Deep Reinforcement Learning, DRL)框架,让智能体从第一人称视觉输入中学会如何在未知的室内环境中找到指定目标。具体做法包括:
该研究的意义在于首次大规模验证了**“目标导向”与“视觉感知”**结合的端到端RL方法,提升了在无先验地图的室内环境中进行自主导航的可行性,也为后续在真实机器人场景中的迁移研究打下基础。
Mirowski 等人在 2017 年 ICLR 上提出了一种针对更为复杂 3D 环境的深度强化学习导航方法。他们将图像重建任务(如深度预测、样本重建等)与强化学习融为一体,让网络在学习导航策略的同时,也具备某种形式的结构理解(environment representation)。其核心思路包括:
这篇工作的一大贡献在于引入了辅助学习目标来改进导航策略,从而提升多维感知任务下的样本效率与泛化能力,为在逼真模拟器(如 DeepMind Lab、ViZDoom 等)中进行深度导航研究树立了典型范例。
Faust 等人在 2018 年 ICRA/RSS 中提出了“PRM-RL”,将采样式路径规划(Probabilistic Roadmap, PRM)与强化学习策略结合,用于长距离机器人导航。主要创新点在于:
该工作凸显了将传统规划与强化学习互补的思路:PRM 提供全局可行性保障,RL 提供局部动态避障和策略学习,有助于在复杂或不确定环境中维持长距离导航的可靠性与灵活性。
Rashid 等人在 2018 年的 ICML 会议上提出 QMIX 算法,主要面向合作性多智能体强化学习(MARL)。虽然文章核心验证在 StarCraft 多单位协同控制场景,但其价值分解思想同样适用于多机器人团队路径规划。该方法的关键在于:
QMIX 对于多机器人联合行动或协同导航非常具有参考意义:价值分解能够解决多智能体间的信用分配问题,并在大规模场景中保持可扩展性。
Lowe 等人在 2017 年的 NeurIPS 上提出 MADDPG (Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient),用于在连续动作并且可能是混合合作-对抗环境中训练多个智能体。其主要思路包括:
对于多车辆协同控制、多无人机协作或对抗性路径规划等领域,MADDPG 是一项代表性方法:为多智能体在连续动作空间中学习高效策略提供了可行方案,也引发后续大量扩展研究。
综合来看,这五篇论文从目标导向视觉导航、辅助任务驱动的复杂环境导航、混合采样式规划与强化学习的长距离导航到多智能体价值分解与多智能体Actor-Critic,共同展示了深度强化学习技术在单智能体和多智能体路径规划领域的多样性与潜力。
这些研究为机器人自主导航、无人机编队、自动驾驶车队乃至仓储物流中的多机器人调度等应用提供了可行策略和技术支撑,也为后续在更复杂、多样化场景下开展路径规划和导航研究奠定了重要基石。
要总结每个工作的优缺点
下面分别对这五篇论文进行优缺点的总结,帮助读者更全面地了解这些工作的研究思路与局限性。
优点:
缺点:
优点:
缺点:
优点:
缺点:
优点:
缺点:
优点:
缺点:
这五项工作从单智能体视觉导航、多任务学习、采样式规划与RL的混合框架到多智能体价值分解和多智能体Actor-Critic,都在各自领域取得了显著进展。它们在方法层面各具特色,也存在一定适用条件与局限性。总体而言:
研究者在后续应用或扩展这些算法时,可根据实际任务要求(离散/连续动作、合作/对抗程度、全局信息获取能力等)选择合适的框架,并针对其局限性采取混合规划、辅助任务、价值分解或其他改进手段。
[89] 罗军. 机场管制[M]. 中国民航出版社, 2012.
把这个参考文献改成latex引文格式,放在.bib文件中
以下是在 .bib
文件中可用的参考文献条目示例(BibTeX 格式):
bibtex@book{luo2012airport, author = {罗军}, title = {机场管制}, publisher = {中国民航出版社}, year = {2012} }
@book
表示该文献类型为图书(适用于此类出版物)。author
、title
、publisher
、year
等字段根据需求和格式要求进行填写。luo2012airport
)以及其他可选字段(如 address
、edition
等)。停车场属于航站楼还是地面交通系统?
在机场规划与运营的专业分类中,通常将机场区域划分为空侧(airside)和陆侧(landside),其中**航站楼(terminal building)属于陆侧的一部分,但主要涵盖旅客办理乘机、行李处理、候机登机等核心业务空间。停车场则一般被归入地面交通或陆侧交通系统(ground transportation / landside facilities)**的范畴,主要功能是为旅客、接送人员和工作人员提供车辆停放,与航站楼主体建筑相对独立但又紧密衔接。
换言之,停车场并不直接归属于航站楼,而是机场陆侧交通系统的一部分,负责连接社会交通(如私家车、出租车、地面公交等)与机场核心区域(航站楼)的地面交通环节。
在机场中,跑道是什么?做个定义和解释
**跑道(Runway)**是飞机在起飞或降落阶段所使用的矩形区域,通常铺设有专门的道面(如沥青或混凝土),并且配备相应的导航、助航灯光和标识等设备,用于保障飞行器在离地或触地时能够安全地加速、减速、滑行和起降。跑道的主要功能是为飞机提供足够的长度、宽度及结构强度,使其在不同天气条件下都能保持可靠的起降性能,同时也配合相应的空管程序和地面标识来实现对航空器流量与安全的管控。
跑道是机场运行的核心要素,跑道运行效率及起降航空器跑道占用时间及使用间隔往往成为制约机场容量的最重要因素。随着航班量的增加,枢纽机场跑道运行繁忙,往往会通过修建多条跑道进行扩容,由于气象条件、位置等原因,我国多跑道机场均为平行跑道构型,因此可能存在着飞机或车辆穿越跑道导致跑道侵入的情况发生。因此针对不同机场的典型跑道构型,结合我国机场管制规则,对起降航空器跑道占用时间、跑道运行效率进行量化分析,找出运行瓶颈环节,对提升跑道容量,增加运行效率有一定实际意义。
把这段话改写一下,不能重复
跑道是机场运营的核心环节,其使用效率以及航空器占用时间和使用间隔往往是决定机场容量的关键因素。随着航班量的增加,枢纽机场会通过增建跑道来满足扩容需求。然而,由于气象和地理条件限制,我国的多跑道机场普遍采用平行跑道布局,在飞机或车辆穿越时可能导致跑道侵入的风险。为此,需要针对不同机场的典型跑道构型,在结合我国机场管制规则的基础上,对起降航空器的跑道占用时间与跑道运行效率进行量化分析,明确运营瓶颈,并提出改进建议,从而有效提升跑道容量并增进整体运行效率。
旁通滑行道、平行滑行道、联络滑行道分别是什么,作用是什么?
以下是对旁通滑行道、平行滑行道和联络滑行道的简要介绍与作用说明:
旁通滑行道
平行滑行道
联络滑行道
综上,三类滑行道分别在地面流量分流、提升运行效率和保障安全性方面发挥着不同但互补的作用。合理规划与布设这些滑行道,可显著减少地面滑行冲突与等待时间,提升机场整体运行效率和容量。
出口滑行道呢
**出口滑行道(Exit Taxiway)**通常是指从跑道通往平行滑行道或机坪等区域的短距离联络滑行道,旨在使飞机在降落后能够迅速离开跑道,提升跑道使用效率。其主要特点与作用如下:
设置位置
提升跑道周转率
提高安全性
优化地面运行
请详细为我介绍航空器进场和离场的整个流程
以下内容将以民航飞行为背景,较为系统地介绍航空器**进场(Approach)与离场(Departure)**从地面运行到飞行阶段的主要流程。需要注意的是,不同机场的设备、管制规定、地理环境可能有所差异,以下步骤仅为一般性描述。
离场主要指飞机在出发机场从停机位开始,直至进入巡航高度或离开机场控制空域的过程。大致可分为以下几个阶段:
航班准备与机组签派
推出(Pushback)与开车(Engine Start)
滑行(Taxi)
起飞前等待(Line-up and Wait)
起飞(Take-off)
离场爬升(Departure Climb)
进入巡航(En Route)
进场指飞机在目的地机场从巡航高度开始下降,直到降落并滑行到停机位的过程。主要可分为以下阶段:
准备下降(Top of Descent)
进场程序(Arrival / STAR)
进近(Approach)
着陆(Landing)
滑行至停机位(Taxi to Gate / Apron)
在进离场过程中,主要与以下管制部门或职能席位进行协同:
放行席 / 签派
机坪管制 / 地面管制(Ground)
塔台管制(Tower)
进近 / 终端管制(Approach / Terminal)
区域管制(Area Control / Center)
通过对上述流程的梳理,可以看出航空器进离场不仅涉及地面滑行和跑道使用,也需要空中飞行程序的配合,以及与多个管制席位、信息服务的紧密协调。完整高效的机场运行,需要在飞行计划、空管指令、地面保障等多个环节通力合作。
对进程流程描述再详细一点!
以下是对航空器进离场流程的更加细致的分步说明,涵盖机组准备、地面运行、空中飞行与管制移交等各主要环节。不同机场的规章和地理环境可能略有差异,但大体流程相似。为便于理解,下文分为离场和进场两大部分,每一步都力求添加更多细节。
航班计划与签派
机组简报与检查
登机与关舱门
地面管制(Ground / Tower)指令
滑行步骤
排队等待
空管席位
运行限制与优先级
机组任务分工
配合地勤与保障
通过以上更为细致的阶段划分和描述,可以更全面地理解航空器从停机位出发到空中、再到落地停靠整个过程所需的流程与要点,也有助于把握各环节间的协同与衔接对机场运行与飞行安全的重要意义。
请你以写学术论文的方式描述航空器进场过程
以下是一段以学术论文风格撰写、对航空器进场过程进行较为系统性的论述示例。为方便结构化呈现,本文将进场过程分为多个阶段,并在论述中尽量采用学术化的表述风格与结构。
航空器进场(approach)是指飞机从巡航高度开始逐渐降低飞行高度,最终在目的地机场完成着陆并滑行至停机坪的全过程。进场过程直接影响机场的运行效率与飞行安全,尤其在交通繁忙的大型机场,其复杂性和重要性更为凸显。深入研究航空器进场的各个环节,对优化航班调度、管制策略以及地面资源利用具有重要意义。
从功能上看,进场旨在将飞机从区域或终端空域平稳转移到跑道上,使其安全地落地并脱离跑道。为此,航空器通常遵守机场及空管部门发布的标准到达程序(Standard Terminal Arrival Route, STAR)或依托雷达向导执行相应的进近策略。具体步骤包括准备下降、过渡到终端空域、进入着陆航道(final approach)以及在跑道上完成接地和减速。各阶段既受航空器自身性能制约,也需配合空中交通管制(ATC)的程序与指令。
当航空器处于巡航阶段(通常在高空航路范围内),机组需根据目标机场的天气、运行状况以及空管指令来决定何时开始下降。此时主要特征包括:
在离目标机场一定距离(具体取决于机场管制空域的划分)时,区域管制会将飞机移交给进近(或终端)管制。此阶段重点在于维持安全的垂直和水平间隔,确保在有限空域内的多架次航班能有序排队。关键特征包括:
一旦航空器到达距离机场跑道一定范围,机组根据空管指令或仪表程序开始最后进近(final approach),即对正目标跑道并沿下滑道(glideslope)或等高度阶梯方法(step-down)持续下降,直至接地。
仪表进近与目视进近
减速与形态变化
气象条件与决断高度
当飞机触地并完成减速后,应尽快通过出口滑行道(rapid exit taxiway等)退出跑道,把跑道留给后续起降航班。
雾、雨、侧风以及低云底高度都将影响进场程序的选择和复杂度。低能见度操作(LVO)下,常需使用ILS CAT II/III装备并执行更严格的管制程序,增加航班间隔。
飞机的机型、重量、襟翼和发动机推力状态会影响其下降率、进近速度和滑跑距离。重型飞机通常需要更长的滑跑距离和更稳健的下滑控制。
终端空域结构设计、STAR和SID(标准离场程序)的规划,以及管制间隔策略会直接决定进近路径和在空中等待(holding)的概率。复杂空域和高流量状态下,通过雷达向导与自动化流量分配能有效减少延误。
跑道长度、出口滑行道数量与布设位置、平行滑行道的通达性,以及停机坪容量均会影响飞机落地后能多快地腾出跑道,从而影响整体机场容量。
航空器进场是机场与航空运营中不可或缺的关键环节,其运行效率在很大程度上决定了机场容量与航班准点率。通过对进场阶段各环节及其影响因素的研究,可以在现有设备与管制模式下优化飞机进场程序并减少延误与风险。同时,技术与管理手段的协同演进(包括自动化地面监控、优化的终端空域设计、先进的协同决策系统等)有助于进一步提升进场安全性与效率。
以上示例以学术论文的风格展现了对航空器进场流程的较为系统的阐述。研究者可根据具体研究需求与数据支持,在此基础上增加数学模型、统计分析或仿真实验,以更深入地定量探讨进场过程对机场运行及其他相关因素的影响。