I’m starting with the matrix A(λ) and examining its diagonal entries: λ2+λ, λ, and (λ+1)2. Next, I’ll find the greatest common divisors (GCDs) of each minor to determine the invariant factors.
Calculating the gcd
I’m determining the gcd of diagonal entries λ2+λ, λ, and (λ+1)2. Factoring out λ and analyzing prime factors, the gcd is λ.
Adjusting my approach
I’m rethinking the gcd of 2x2 minors for the Smith normal form. The matrix is diagonal, so the minors are the product of two diagonal entries. Thus, the gcd is λ(λ+1).
Identifying commonalities
I’m working through the gcd of the 2x2 minors λ2(λ+1), λ(λ+1)3, and λ(λ+1)2, identifying λ(λ+1)2 as the gcd.
Confirming gcd alignment
Revisiting the gcd of λ2(λ+1), λ(λ+1)3, and λ(λ+1)2 reveals the gcd as λ(λ+1), ensuring the gcd product matches the matrix's determinant.
Calculating Smith normal form
I'm calculating the Smith normal form by determining gcds for 1x1, 2x2, and 3x3 minors. The 3x3 minor, the determinant, is divided by the product of the previous gcds.
Thought about 矩阵不变因子和Smith标准形 for 24 seconds
Ответ
解答思路概述
给定
A(λ)=λ2+λ000λ000(λ+1)2,
我们要求其不变因子(invariant factors)以及对应的 Smith 标准形 (Smith normal form)。在多项式环 C[λ](或 K[λ],假设系数域为某个域)中,Smith 标准形是一个对角矩阵