generate a picture to describe this. 7.2 Levelize...
Creato il: 28 gennaio 2026
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generate a picture to describe this.
7.2 Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS)
LCOS provides a normalized cost per unit of energy delivered by the storage system over its life. A common definition is:
LCOS = [ Σ_t (CAPEX_t + OPEX_t + C_charge,t) / (1 + r)^t ] / [ Σ_t (E_out,t) / (1 + r)^t ]
where r is discount rate, C_charge,t is the cost of charging electricity (if included), and E_out,t is discharged energy delivered to the grid. Different studies vary in whether charging cost is included, and whether replacement/augmentation is modeled explicitly. LCOS is therefore most useful for comparing options under a consistent modeling boundary.
Just pure black text with white background, with variables explanation
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{"size":"1024x1024","n":1,"transparent_background":false,"prompt":"Create a clean, minimal infographic on a pure white background with pure black text only (no colors, no icons, no gray). Centered layout with generous margins. Title at top: "7.2 Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS)".\n\nBelow title, include a short definition sentence: "LCOS provides a normalized cost per unit of energy delivered by the storage system over its life." \n\nThen show the formula in clear typeset style using plain text math (black):\n\nLCOS = [ Σ_t (CAPEX_t + OPEX_t + C_charge,t) / (1 + r)^t ] / [ Σ_t (E_out,t) / (1 + r)^t ]\n\nUse subscript formatting visually where possible (e.g., CAPEXₜ, OPEXₜ, C_charge,t, E_out,t) and superscript for (1 + r)ᵗ.\n\nBelow the equation, add a section header "Variables" and a bullet list (black text) explaining:\n• r: discount rate\n• CAPEXₜ: capital expenditures in year t\n• OPEXₜ: operating expenditures in year t\n• C_charge,t: cost of charging electricity in year t (if included)\n• E_out,t: discharged energy delivered to the grid in year t\n• t: year index over system lifetime\n\nAt bottom, add a small note in one or two lines: "LCOS comparisons are most useful when studies use a consistent modeling boundary (e.g., whether charging cost and replacements are included)." \n\nEnsure everything is crisp, aligned, and readable, with consistent font weight, pure black (#000000) on white (#FFFFFF)."}
