I’m explaining how the reverse I-projection leverages geodesic paths and convexity to minimize the KL divergence, akin to Pythagoras' theorem, ensuring a clear understanding of the process for undergraduate students.
Mapping out inequalities
I’m deriving generalized Pythagorean inequalities for Bregman projections in convex sets, using convex duality and log-sum inequalities to ensure consistency across all feasible directions.
Refining the inequality
I'm working through how the reverse I-projection on a convex set connects to the generalized Pythagorean inequality, using convexity of KL as Bregman divergence to link distributions and divergences.
Calculating mutual info
I’m determining functions f(ε) and g(ε) for mutual information, leveraging weighted sums and previous calculations to express the entropy. This approach ensures the mutual information is precise and comprehensive.
Crafting mutual info
I'm working out functions f(ε) and g(ε) to capture mutual information using binary entropy. This helps pinpoint the least informative prior that maximizes mutual info, essential for capacity enhancement.
Piecing together model capacities
I’m working through calculating model capacities and optimizing mutual information by integrating uniform priors and leveraging equidistance properties for various prior distributions.
Connecting mutual info
I’m linking mutual information to the equidistance property, proving that the capacity minus mutual information equals the KL divergence between two distributions. This shows the interplay between the two concepts.
Evaluating sequence limits
OK, let's think through the typical set's size for sequences, comparing it to the set with probability bounds that include all sequences. This helps in understanding their growth patterns and relationship.
Analyzing sequence patterns
I’m explaining how to determine the typical set and its growth for large N, focusing on sequences with empirical probability within specific bounds and the Stirling method for large N behavior.
Understanding convexity
I’m mapping out D(p||q_λ) as convex in λ, leveraging log-sum inequality and KL convexity, leading to a refined Pythagorean inequality. Nice progress on Miller-Chang projection analysis.
Piecing together derivatives
I’m seeing that the one-sided derivative of ϕ(λ) at λ=1 from the left is negative, implying that as λ decreases, h(λ) increases. Fascinating interplay of slopes and convexity.
Piecing together convexity
Pulling together the Pythagorean inequality by analyzing derivatives, leveraging convexity principles. Ensuring clarity in the steps for a comprehensive understanding.
Synthesizing convergence principles
I’m computing the equivalence of KL projections and conditional entropy using log-sum inequalities and convexity, ensuring clarity and academic precision throughout the explanation.
Integrating citations
I'm ensuring continuous citation markers are included after each problem header for clarity and keeping all rules intact. This brings a structured and precise approach to the task.
Reasoned for 10m 4s
Antwort
下面是一份中英文双语、侧重动机与本质、且配有完整推导的讲解讲稿,涵盖你给出的整份作业所有小题(作业:Theory and Methods for Statistical Inference — Homework 4, Fall 2025)。为便于对照,我在每题标题处标注了题号来源。(HW_4.pdf)
1. Reverse I-projection 反向 I 投影(题 1) (HW_4.pdf)
Core idea (动机):
KL 散度 D(p∥q) 是“以 p 为真,相对 q 的代价”。正向 I 投影最小化 D(⋅∥q);反向 I 投影最小化 D(p∥⋅)。几何上,二者分别对应在“概率单纯形”的两套坐标(期望坐标与自然坐标)上的投影。反向 I 投影的“勾股”型不等式反映了:在合适的(对数)凸结构上,最优点 q\* 将总误差分解为“到最优点的误差 + 最优点到任意可行点的误差”。