题目全文 \triangle ABC 的内角 A,B,C 的对边分别为 a,b,c.且 b = ...

Erstellt am: 3. Juli 2025

Beantwortet mit O3 von Chat01

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题目全文
\triangle ABC 的内角 A,B,C 的对边分别为 a,b,c.且 b = 2,2b\cos A = c\cos A + a\cos C.

(1)求角 A;

(2)点 S 是直线 PQ 外一点,点 M,N 在直线 PQ 上(点 M,N 与点 P,Q 任一点不重合).若点 M 在线段 PQ 上,记 (P,Q;M)=\dfrac{|SP|\sin\angle PSM}{|SQ|\sin\angle MSQ};若点 M 在线段 PQ 外,记 (P,Q;M)=-\dfrac{|SP|\sin\angle PSM}{|SQ|\cdot\sin\angle MSQ}.记 (P,Q;M,N)=\dfrac{(P,Q;M)}{(P,Q;N)}.

已知点 D 是线段 BC 上一点,且 (B,C;D)=\dfrac{c}{2}.点 M 在射线 BC 上,点 P 在直线 AM 上且任意实数 t 有 \vert\overrightarrow{AC} - t\overrightarrow{AM}\vert \geq \vert\overrightarrow{CP}\vert 恒成立.

(i)若 (B,C;M,D)=-1,求 \vert AM\vert + 4\vert AB\vert 的最小值;

(ii)若 (B,C;M,D)=-\dfrac{1 + \sqrt{3}x}{2}(x > 0),求 \triangle ACP 面积的取值范围.

Python

python
import sympy as sp, math x=sp.symbols('x', positive=True) expr=(4*sp.sqrt(3)+6*x)/(7+4*sp.sqrt(3)*x+3*x**2) sp.diff(expr,x).simplify() -(18*x**2 + 24*sqrt(3)*x + 6)/(9*x**4 + 24*sqrt(3)*x**3 + 90*x**2 + 56*sqrt(3)*x + 49)

Python

python
sp.limit(expr, x, 0, dir='+') 4*sqrt(3)/7

Python

python
sp.limit(expr, x, sp.oo) 0

Gedanke

Analyzing the function's range

The function decreases monotonically, so the maximum value is attained as x0+x \to 0^+, giving f(0)=437f(0) = \frac{4 \sqrt{3}}{7}. As xx \to \infty, the function approaches 0. Thus, the range of the function is (0,437](0, \frac{4 \sqrt{3}}{7}], where 0 is excluded because the function remains positive but can get arbitrarily close to it. The area range could be written as 0<area4370 < \text{area} \leq \frac{4 \sqrt{3}}{7}. area range could be written as 0<area4370 < \text{area} \leq \frac{4 \sqrt{3}}{7}.

Summarizing the final answer

The angle AA is 60°.

For the calculations, the minimum of AM+4AB|AM| + 4|AB| is 18.

For the area of triangle ACPACP, the value can range between 00 and 437\frac{4 \sqrt{3}}{7}, meaning the area is in the range (0,437](0, \frac{4 \sqrt{3}}{7}]. This

Thought for 4m 17s

Antwort

解 题 思 路


(1)求∠A

由题设

2bcosA=ccosA+acosC,b=2.2b\cos A = c\cos A+a\cos C ,\qquad b=2 .

利用余弦定理

cosA=b2+c2a22bc,cosC=a2+b2c22ab.\cos A=\frac{b^{2}+c^{2}-a^{2}}{2bc},\qquad \cos C=\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}-c^{2}}{2ab}.

把两式代入原等式,可化为

b2+c2a2c=b.\frac{b^{2}+c^{2}-a^{2}}{c}=b .

两边同乘以 cc

b2+c2a2=bc.b^{2}+c^{2}-a^{2}=bc .

再代入余弦定理中的 cosA\cos A

2bcosA=b  cosA=12.2b\cos A=b\ \Longrightarrow\ \cos A=\tfrac12 .

  A=60  .\boxed{\;A=60^{\circ}\; } .

(2)辅助建系

A(0,0)A(0,0),令

AB=c,AC=b=2,AB=c,\qquad AC=b=2 ,

C(1,3),B(c,0),BC=a=(c1)2+3.C(1,\sqrt3),\qquad B(c,0),\qquad |BC|=a=\sqrt{(c-1)^2+3}.

r=BMMC>0.r=\frac{BM}{MC}>0 .

又因

(B,C;D)=BDDC=c2,(B,C;M,D)=BM/MCBD/DC=rc/2.(B,C;D)=\frac{BD}{DC}=\frac c2 ,\qquad (B,C;M,D)=\frac{BM/MC}{BD/DC}=\frac r{c/2}.

(i)当 (B,C;M,D)=1(B,C;M,D)=-1

r=c2.r=\frac c2 .

由比例可得

BM=rcr+1BC,MC=BCr+1,M=B+rr+1BC.BM=\frac{rc}{r+1}\,|BC|,\quad MC=\frac{|BC|}{r+1},\quad M=B+\frac r{r+1}\,\overrightarrow{BC}.

代入坐标可算得

AM=2cc2(c>2).|AM|=\frac{2c}{c-2}\quad(c>2).

目标函数

f(c)=AM+4AB=2cc2+4c  (c>2).f(c)=|AM|+4|AB|=\frac{2c}{c-2}+4c\;(c>2).

求导得

f(c)=2c22c(c2)2+4,f'(c)=\frac{2}{c-2}-\frac{2c}{(c-2)^2}+4,

f(c)=0f'(c)=0 得唯一极值点

c=3  (>2),c=3\;(>2),

且为最小值.

于是

AM=6,AB=3,AM+4ABmin=6+12=18.|AM|=6 ,\quad |AB|=3,\qquad \boxed{\,|AM|+4|AB|_{\min}=6+12=18\, } .

(ii)当

(B,C;M,D)=1+3x2(x>0)(B,C;M,D)=-\frac{1+\sqrt3\,x}{2}\quad(x>0)

由定义

r=BMMC=c2(1+3x),c=4r1+3x>2.r=\frac{BM}{MC} =\frac{c}{2}\Bigl(1+\sqrt3\,x\Bigr), \qquad c=\frac{4r}{1+\sqrt3\,x}>2.

MM 的坐标写成

M ⁣(c+rr+1, r3r+1).M\!\left(\frac{c+r}{r+1},\ \frac{r\sqrt3}{r+1}\right).

θ=CAM\theta=\angle CAM,则

cosθ=AC ⁣ ⁣AMACAM=c+4r2(r+1)AM,sinθ=3c2(r+1)AM.\cos\theta=\frac{\overrightarrow{AC}\!\cdot\!\overrightarrow{AM}} {|AC||AM|} =\frac{c+4r}{2(r+1)|AM|}, \quad \sin\theta=\frac{\sqrt3\,c}{2(r+1)|AM|}.

因为题目中的不等式说明

P=足点(C, AM),CPAM,P=\text{足点}\bigl(C,\ AM\bigr),\quad CP\perp AM,

SACP=12  APCP=2sinθcosθ=sin2θ.S_{\triangle ACP}=\tfrac12\;AP\cdot CP =2\sin\theta\cos\theta =\sin 2\theta .

经过化简(将 c=4r1+3xc=\dfrac{4r}{1+\sqrt3 x} 消去)可得面积仅与 xx 有关:

S(x)=43+6x7+43x+3x2(x>0).S(x)=\frac{4\sqrt3+6x}{7+4\sqrt3\,x+3x^{2}}\quad(x>0).

x>0x>0 求极值:

S(x)=18x2+243x+6(7+43x+3x2)2<0(x>0),S'(x)=-\frac{18x^{2}+24\sqrt3\,x+6}{(7+4\sqrt3\,x+3x^{2})^{2}}<0\quad(\forall x>0),

S(x)S(x) 单调递减.

limx0+S(x)=437,limx+S(x)=0.\lim_{x\to0^{+}}S(x)=\frac{4\sqrt3}{7},\qquad \lim_{x\to+\infty}S(x)=0.

于是

0<SACP437.\boxed{\,0<S_{\triangle ACP}\le\frac{4\sqrt3}{7}\, } .

结 论

  1. A=60\displaystyle A = 60^{\circ}.

    • (i) 最小值 AM+4AB=18\displaystyle |AM|+4|AB|=18.
    • (ii)0<SACP437\displaystyle 0 < S_{\triangle ACP}\le \dfrac{4\sqrt3}{7}.

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